#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, n) for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
#define debug 1
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
const int mod = 998244353;
const double pi = atan2(0, -1);
#include <time.h>
#include <chrono>

int main() {
	int T;
	cin >> T;
	vector<ll> bin(62);
	bin[0] = 1;
	rep(i, 61) {
		bin[i + 1] = bin[i] * 2;
	}
	rep(test, T) {
		ll x, y;
		cin >> x >> y;
		bitset<61> b = x;
		while (b[y]) {
			y++;
		}
		cout << bin[y] - 1 << endl;
	}
}