#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <atcoder/all>
// url 
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=a;i<b;i++)
#define rrep(i,a,b) for(int i=b-1;i>=a;i--)
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define pb(x) push_back(x);
template<class T>bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T>bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (b<a) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double lld;
using namespace std;
using namespace atcoder;
using mint = static_modint<998244353>;
const ll mod=998244353;
// using mint = static_modint<1000000007>;
//const ll mod=1e9+7;
int dx[4]={1,0,-1,0};
int dy[4]={0,1,0,-1};
const string zton="0123456789";
const string atoz="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
const string ATOZ="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
const ll inf=(1ll<<60);
// const int inf=(1<<30);
lld dist(lld x1,lld x2,lld y1,lld y2){
    lld res=(x1-x2)*(x1-x2)+(y1-y2)*(y1-y2);
    res=sqrt(abs(res));
    return res;
}
lld arg(lld x,lld y){
    const lld eps=1e-8;
    lld res=0;
    if(abs(x)+abs(y)<=eps)return 0.0;
    else if(abs(x)<=eps){
        if(y>=0.0)return (M_PI/2);
        else return (M_PI/2+M_PI);
    }
    else if(abs(y)<=eps){
        if(x>=0.0)return 0.0;
        else return M_PI;
    }
    res=atan2(abs(y),abs(x));
    if(x<=0&&y>=0)res=(M_PI-res);
    else if(x<=0&&y<=0)res+=(M_PI);
    else if(x>=0&&y<=0)res=(M_PI*2-res);
    return res;
}
ll gcd(ll a,ll b){
    if(a==0||b==0)return a+b;
    ll r;
    r=a%b;
    if(r==0){
        return b;
    }
    else{
        return gcd(b,r);
    }
}
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, __int128_t value) {
    std::ostream::sentry s(dest);
    if (s) {
        __uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
        char buffer[128];
        char *d = std::end(buffer);
        do {
            --d;
            *d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10];
            tmp /= 10;
        } while (tmp != 0);
        if (value < 0) {
            --d;
            *d = '-';
        }
        int len = std::end(buffer) - d;
        if (dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) {
            dest.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit);
        }
    }
    return dest;
}
__int128 parse128(string &s) {
    __int128 ret = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++){
        if ('0' <= s[i] && s[i] <= '9'){
            ret = 10 * ret + s[i] - '0';
        }
    }
    return ret;
}
using l3 = __int128;
typedef pair<ll,int> P;

int main(void){
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    int N,M;cin >> N >> M;
    int cnt_in[N],cnt_out[N];
    fill(cnt_in,cnt_in+N,0);
    fill(cnt_out,cnt_out+N,0);
    dsu uf(N);
    rep(i,0,M){
        int a,b;cin >> a >> b;
        a--;b--;
        cnt_in[a]++;
        cnt_out[b]++;
        uf.merge(a,b);
    }
    vector<int> a;
    for(vector<int> v:uf.groups()){
        if(v.size()==1){
            if(cnt_in[v[0]]){
                a.pb(0);
            }
            continue;
        }
        int d=0;
        for(int i:v){
            if(cnt_in[i]>cnt_out[i])d+=(cnt_in[i]-cnt_out[i]);
        }
        a.pb(d);
    }
    if(a.size()==0){
        cout << 0 << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    sort(all(a));
    if(a.back()==0){
        cout << a.size()-1 << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    int ans=0;
    for(int x:a)if(x!=0)ans+=x;
    ans--;
    for(int x:a)if(x==0)ans++;
    cout << ans << endl;
}