#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

template<class T> istream& operator >> (istream& is, vector<T>& vec) {
    for(T& x : vec) is >> x;
    return is;
}

template<class T> ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const vector<T>& vec) {
    if(vec.empty()) return os;
    os << vec[0];
    for(auto it = vec.begin(); ++it != vec.end(); ) os << ' ' << *it;
    return os;
}

struct dsu {
    public:
    int csz;
    dsu() : _n(0) {}
    dsu(int n) : _n(n), csz(n), parent_or_size(n, -1) {}

    int merge(int a, int b) {
        assert(0 <= a && a < _n);
        assert(0 <= b && b < _n);
        int x = leader(a), y = leader(b);
        if (x == y) return x;
        if (-parent_or_size[x] < -parent_or_size[y]) std::swap(x, y);
        csz--;
        parent_or_size[x] += parent_or_size[y];
        parent_or_size[y] = x;
        return x;
    }

    bool same(int a, int b) {
        assert(0 <= a && a < _n);
        assert(0 <= b && b < _n);
        return leader(a) == leader(b);
    }

    int leader(int a) {
        assert(0 <= a && a < _n);
        if (parent_or_size[a] < 0) return a;
        return parent_or_size[a] = leader(parent_or_size[a]);
    }

    int size(int a) {
        assert(0 <= a && a < _n);
        return -parent_or_size[leader(a)];
    }

    std::vector<std::vector<int>> groups() {
        std::vector<int> leader_buf(_n), group_size(_n);
        for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) {
            leader_buf[i] = leader(i);
            group_size[leader_buf[i]]++;
        }
        std::vector<std::vector<int>> result(_n);
        for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) {
            result[i].reserve(group_size[i]);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) {
            result[leader_buf[i]].push_back(i);
        }
        result.erase(
            std::remove_if(result.begin(), result.end(),
                           [&](const std::vector<int>& v) { return v.empty(); }),
            result.end());
        return result;
    }

    private:
    int _n;
    // root node: -1 * component size
    // otherwise: parent
    std::vector<int> parent_or_size;
};

int main(){
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    int n, m, u, v;
    cin >> n >> m;
    dsu uf(n);
    vector<int> in(n), out(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){
        cin >> u >> v;
        u--, v--;
        uf.merge(u, v);
        in[u]++;
        out[v]++;
    }
    auto G = uf.groups();
    int ans = 0;
    for(auto &&vec : G){
        int s0 = 0, s1 = 0;
        if(vec.size() == 1){
        	ans--;
        	continue;
        }
        for(auto &&v : vec){
            if(in[v] >= out[v]) s0 += in[v] - out[v];
            else s1 += out[v] - in[v];
        }
        ans += max(0, s1);
    }
    ans += G.size() - 2;
    cout << ans << '\n';
}