from collections import defaultdict

class UnionFind():
    def __init__(self, n):
        '''
        UnionFindクラス。nは要素数を表す。
        '''
        self.n = n
        self.parents = [-1] * n

    def find(self, x):
        '''
        要素xを含む集合の親を見つける関数。
        '''
        if self.parents[x] < 0:
            return x
        else:
            self.parents[x] = self.find(self.parents[x])
            return self.parents[x]

    def union(self, x, y):
        '''
        要素xを含む集合と要素yを含む集合を合体する関数。
        基本的には、要素数が多い集合に統合される。
        要素数が同じときは要素yを含む集合に統合される。
        '''
        x = self.find(x)
        y = self.find(y)

        if x == y:
            return

        if self.parents[x] > self.parents[y]:
            x, y = y, x

        self.parents[x] += self.parents[y]
        self.parents[y] = x

    def size(self, x):
        '''
        要素xを含む集合の要素数を出す関数。
        '''
        return -self.parents[self.find(x)]

    def same(self, x, y):
        return self.find(x) == self.find(y)

    def members(self, x):
        root = self.find(x)
        return [i for i in range(self.n) if self.find(i) == root]

    def roots(self):
        return [i for i, x in enumerate(self.parents) if x < 0]

    def group_count(self):
        return len(self.roots())

    def all_group_members(self):
        group_members = defaultdict(list)
        for member in range(self.n):
            group_members[self.find(member)].append(member)
        return group_members

    def __str__(self):
        return '\n'.join(f'{r}: {m}' for r, m in self.all_group_members().items())

n, m = map(int, input().split())
C = [0 for _ in range(n)]
UF = UnionFind(n)
G = [1 for _ in range(n)]
for _ in range(m):
    u, v = map(int, input().split())
    u -= 1
    v -= 1
    C[u] -= 1
    C[v] += 1
    if UF.same(u, v):
        continue
    uroot = UF.find(u)
    vroot = UF.find(v)
    UF.union(u, v)
    root = UF.find(u)
    if root == uroot:
        G[uroot] += G[vroot]
        G[vroot] = 0
    else:
        G[vroot] += G[uroot]
        G[uroot] = 0
g_num = 0
for i in range(n):
    if G[i] > 1:
        g_num += 1
ans = g_num - 1
for i in range(n):
    ans += max(C[i], 0)
print(ans - 1)