/* -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 *
 * 2393.cc:  No.2393 Bit Grid Connected Component - yukicoder
 */

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
 
using namespace std;

/* constant */

/* typedef */

typedef long long ll;

/* global variables */

/* subroutines */

/* main */

int main() {
  int tn;
  scanf("%d", &tn);

  while (tn--) {
    ll x;
    int y;
    scanf("%lld%d", &x, &y);

    while ((x >> (y + 1)) & 1) y++;
    printf("%lld\n", (1LL << (y + 1)) - 1);
  }
  return 0;
}