/** * date : 2023-08-18 21:20:50 * author : Nyaan */ #define NDEBUG using namespace std; // intrinstic #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include // utility namespace Nyaan { using ll = long long; using i64 = long long; using u64 = unsigned long long; using i128 = __int128_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; template using V = vector; template using VV = vector>; using vi = vector; using vl = vector; using vd = V; using vs = V; using vvi = vector>; using vvl = vector>; template using minpq = priority_queue, greater>; template struct P : pair { template P(Args... args) : pair(args...) {} using pair::first; using pair::second; P &operator+=(const P &r) { first += r.first; second += r.second; return *this; } P &operator-=(const P &r) { first -= r.first; second -= r.second; return *this; } P &operator*=(const P &r) { first *= r.first; second *= r.second; return *this; } template P &operator*=(const S &r) { first *= r, second *= r; return *this; } P operator+(const P &r) const { return P(*this) += r; } P operator-(const P &r) const { return P(*this) -= r; } P operator*(const P &r) const { return P(*this) *= r; } template P operator*(const S &r) const { return P(*this) *= r; } P operator-() const { return P{-first, -second}; } }; using pl = P; using pi = P; using vp = V; constexpr int inf = 1001001001; constexpr long long infLL = 4004004004004004004LL; template int sz(const T &t) { return t.size(); } template inline bool amin(T &x, U y) { return (y < x) ? (x = y, true) : false; } template inline bool amax(T &x, U y) { return (x < y) ? (x = y, true) : false; } template inline T Max(const vector &v) { return *max_element(begin(v), end(v)); } template inline T Min(const vector &v) { return *min_element(begin(v), end(v)); } template inline long long Sum(const vector &v) { return accumulate(begin(v), end(v), 0LL); } template int lb(const vector &v, const T &a) { return lower_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v); } template int ub(const vector &v, const T &a) { return upper_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v); } constexpr long long TEN(int n) { long long ret = 1, x = 10; for (; n; x *= x, n >>= 1) ret *= (n & 1 ? x : 1); return ret; } template pair mkp(const T &t, const U &u) { return make_pair(t, u); } template vector mkrui(const vector &v, bool rev = false) { vector ret(v.size() + 1); if (rev) { for (int i = int(v.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) ret[i] = v[i] + ret[i + 1]; } else { for (int i = 0; i < int(v.size()); i++) ret[i + 1] = ret[i] + v[i]; } return ret; }; template vector mkuni(const vector &v) { vector ret(v); sort(ret.begin(), ret.end()); ret.erase(unique(ret.begin(), ret.end()), ret.end()); return ret; } template vector mkord(int N, F f) { vector ord(N); iota(begin(ord), end(ord), 0); sort(begin(ord), end(ord), f); return ord; } template vector mkinv(vector &v) { int max_val = *max_element(begin(v), end(v)); vector inv(max_val + 1, -1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) inv[v[i]] = i; return inv; } vector mkiota(int n) { vector ret(n); iota(begin(ret), end(ret), 0); return ret; } template T mkrev(const T &v) { T w{v}; reverse(begin(w), end(w)); return w; } template bool nxp(vector &v) { return next_permutation(begin(v), end(v)); } // 返り値の型は入力の T に依存 // i 要素目 : [0, a[i]) template vector> product(const vector &a) { vector> ret; vector v; auto dfs = [&](auto rc, int i) -> void { if (i == (int)a.size()) { ret.push_back(v); return; } for (int j = 0; j < a[i]; j++) v.push_back(j), rc(rc, i + 1), v.pop_back(); }; dfs(dfs, 0); return ret; } // F : function(void(T&)), mod を取る操作 // T : 整数型のときはオーバーフローに注意する template T Power(T a, long long n, const T &I, const function &f) { T res = I; for (; n; f(a = a * a), n >>= 1) { if (n & 1) f(res = res * a); } return res; } // T : 整数型のときはオーバーフローに注意する template T Power(T a, long long n, const T &I) { return Power(a, n, I, function{[](T &) -> void {}}); } } // namespace Nyaan // bit operation namespace Nyaan { __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) inline int popcnt(const u64 &a) { return _mm_popcnt_u64(a); } inline int lsb(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; } inline int ctz(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; } inline int msb(const u64 &a) { return a ? 63 - __builtin_clzll(a) : -1; } template inline int gbit(const T &a, int i) { return (a >> i) & 1; } template inline void sbit(T &a, int i, bool b) { if (gbit(a, i) != b) a ^= T(1) << i; } constexpr long long PW(int n) { return 1LL << n; } constexpr long long MSK(int n) { return (1LL << n) - 1; } } // namespace Nyaan // inout namespace Nyaan { template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &p) { os << p.first << " " << p.second; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair &p) { is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &v) { int s = (int)v.size(); for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) os << (i ? " " : "") << v[i]; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector &v) { for (auto &x : v) is >> x; return is; } istream &operator>>(istream &is, __int128_t &x) { string S; is >> S; x = 0; int flag = 0; for (auto &c : S) { if (c == '-') { flag = true; continue; } x *= 10; x += c - '0'; } if (flag) x = -x; return is; } istream &operator>>(istream &is, __uint128_t &x) { string S; is >> S; x = 0; for (auto &c : S) { x *= 10; x += c - '0'; } return is; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, __int128_t x) { if (x == 0) return os << 0; if (x < 0) os << '-', x = -x; string S; while (x) S.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10; reverse(begin(S), end(S)); return os << S; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, __uint128_t x) { if (x == 0) return os << 0; string S; while (x) S.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10; reverse(begin(S), end(S)); return os << S; } void in() {} template void in(T &t, U &...u) { cin >> t; in(u...); } void out() { cout << "\n"; } template void out(const T &t, const U &...u) { cout << t; if (sizeof...(u)) cout << sep; out(u...); } struct IoSetupNya { IoSetupNya() { cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(15); cerr << fixed << setprecision(7); } } iosetupnya; } // namespace Nyaan // debug #ifdef NyaanDebug #define trc(...) (void(0)) #else #define trc(...) (void(0)) #endif #ifdef NyaanLocal #define trc2(...) (void(0)) #else #define trc2(...) (void(0)) #endif // macro #define each(x, v) for (auto&& x : v) #define each2(x, y, v) for (auto&& [x, y] : v) #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define rep(i, N) for (long long i = 0; i < (long long)(N); i++) #define repr(i, N) for (long long i = (long long)(N)-1; i >= 0; i--) #define rep1(i, N) for (long long i = 1; i <= (long long)(N); i++) #define repr1(i, N) for (long long i = (N); (long long)(i) > 0; i--) #define reg(i, a, b) for (long long i = (a); i < (b); i++) #define regr(i, a, b) for (long long i = (b)-1; i >= (a); i--) #define fi first #define se second #define ini(...) \ int __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define inl(...) \ long long __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define ins(...) \ string __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define in2(s, t) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i]); \ } #define in3(s, t, u) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i], u[i]); \ } #define in4(s, t, u, v) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i], u[i], v[i]); \ } #define die(...) \ do { \ Nyaan::out(__VA_ARGS__); \ return; \ } while (0) namespace Nyaan { void solve(); } int main() { Nyaan::solve(); } // template struct Matrix { vector > A; Matrix() = default; Matrix(int n, int m) : A(n, vector(m, T())) {} Matrix(int n) : A(n, vector(n, T())){}; int H() const { return A.size(); } int W() const { return A[0].size(); } int size() const { return A.size(); } inline const vector &operator[](int k) const { return A[k]; } inline vector &operator[](int k) { return A[k]; } static Matrix I(int n) { Matrix mat(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) mat[i][i] = 1; return (mat); } Matrix &operator+=(const Matrix &B) { int n = H(), m = W(); assert(n == B.H() && m == B.W()); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) (*this)[i][j] += B[i][j]; return (*this); } Matrix &operator-=(const Matrix &B) { int n = H(), m = W(); assert(n == B.H() && m == B.W()); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) (*this)[i][j] -= B[i][j]; return (*this); } Matrix &operator*=(const Matrix &B) { int n = H(), m = B.W(), p = W(); assert(p == B.H()); vector > C(n, vector(m, T{})); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int k = 0; k < p; k++) for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) C[i][j] += (*this)[i][k] * B[k][j]; A.swap(C); return (*this); } Matrix &operator^=(long long k) { Matrix B = Matrix::I(H()); while (k > 0) { if (k & 1) B *= *this; *this *= *this; k >>= 1LL; } A.swap(B.A); return (*this); } Matrix operator+(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) += B); } Matrix operator-(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) -= B); } Matrix operator*(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) *= B); } Matrix operator^(const long long k) const { return (Matrix(*this) ^= k); } bool operator==(const Matrix &B) const { assert(H() == B.H() && W() == B.W()); for (int i = 0; i < H(); i++) for (int j = 0; j < W(); j++) if (A[i][j] != B[i][j]) return false; return true; } bool operator!=(const Matrix &B) const { assert(H() == B.H() && W() == B.W()); for (int i = 0; i < H(); i++) for (int j = 0; j < W(); j++) if (A[i][j] != B[i][j]) return true; return false; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const Matrix &p) { int n = p.H(), m = p.W(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { os << (i ? " " : "") << "["; for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { os << p[i][j] << (j + 1 == m ? "]\n" : ","); } } return (os); } T determinant() const { Matrix B(*this); assert(H() == W()); T ret = 1; for (int i = 0; i < H(); i++) { int idx = -1; for (int j = i; j < W(); j++) { if (B[j][i] != 0) { idx = j; break; } } if (idx == -1) return 0; if (i != idx) { ret *= T(-1); swap(B[i], B[idx]); } ret *= B[i][i]; T inv = T(1) / B[i][i]; for (int j = 0; j < W(); j++) { B[i][j] *= inv; } for (int j = i + 1; j < H(); j++) { T a = B[j][i]; if (a == 0) continue; for (int k = i; k < W(); k++) { B[j][k] -= B[i][k] * a; } } } return ret; } }; /** * @brief 行列ライブラリ */ template struct FormalPowerSeries : vector { using vector::vector; using FPS = FormalPowerSeries; FPS &operator+=(const FPS &r) { if (r.size() > this->size()) this->resize(r.size()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); i++) (*this)[i] += r[i]; return *this; } FPS &operator+=(const mint &r) { if (this->empty()) this->resize(1); (*this)[0] += r; return *this; } FPS &operator-=(const FPS &r) { if (r.size() > this->size()) this->resize(r.size()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); i++) (*this)[i] -= r[i]; return *this; } FPS &operator-=(const mint &r) { if (this->empty()) this->resize(1); (*this)[0] -= r; return *this; } FPS &operator*=(const mint &v) { for (int k = 0; k < (int)this->size(); k++) (*this)[k] *= v; return *this; } FPS &operator/=(const FPS &r) { if (this->size() < r.size()) { this->clear(); return *this; } int n = this->size() - r.size() + 1; if ((int)r.size() <= 64) { FPS f(*this), g(r); g.shrink(); mint coeff = g.back().inverse(); for (auto &x : g) x *= coeff; int deg = (int)f.size() - (int)g.size() + 1; int gs = g.size(); FPS quo(deg); for (int i = deg - 1; i >= 0; i--) { quo[i] = f[i + gs - 1]; for (int j = 0; j < gs; j++) f[i + j] -= quo[i] * g[j]; } *this = quo * coeff; this->resize(n, mint(0)); return *this; } return *this = ((*this).rev().pre(n) * r.rev().inv(n)).pre(n).rev(); } FPS &operator%=(const FPS &r) { *this -= *this / r * r; shrink(); return *this; } FPS operator+(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) += r; } FPS operator+(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) += v; } FPS operator-(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) -= r; } FPS operator-(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) -= v; } FPS operator*(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) *= r; } FPS operator*(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) *= v; } FPS operator/(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) /= r; } FPS operator%(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) %= r; } FPS operator-() const { FPS ret(this->size()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)this->size(); i++) ret[i] = -(*this)[i]; return ret; } void shrink() { while (this->size() && this->back() == mint(0)) this->pop_back(); } FPS rev() const { FPS ret(*this); reverse(begin(ret), end(ret)); return ret; } FPS dot(FPS r) const { FPS ret(min(this->size(), r.size())); for (int i = 0; i < (int)ret.size(); i++) ret[i] = (*this)[i] * r[i]; return ret; } FPS pre(int sz) const { return FPS(begin(*this), begin(*this) + min((int)this->size(), sz)); } FPS operator>>(int sz) const { if ((int)this->size() <= sz) return {}; FPS ret(*this); ret.erase(ret.begin(), ret.begin() + sz); return ret; } FPS operator<<(int sz) const { FPS ret(*this); ret.insert(ret.begin(), sz, mint(0)); return ret; } FPS diff() const { const int n = (int)this->size(); FPS ret(max(0, n - 1)); mint one(1), coeff(1); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { ret[i - 1] = (*this)[i] * coeff; coeff += one; } return ret; } FPS integral() const { const int n = (int)this->size(); FPS ret(n + 1); ret[0] = mint(0); if (n > 0) ret[1] = mint(1); auto mod = mint::get_mod(); for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) ret[i] = (-ret[mod % i]) * (mod / i); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ret[i + 1] *= (*this)[i]; return ret; } mint eval(mint x) const { mint r = 0, w = 1; for (auto &v : *this) r += w * v, w *= x; return r; } FPS log(int deg = -1) const { assert((*this)[0] == mint(1)); if (deg == -1) deg = (int)this->size(); return (this->diff() * this->inv(deg)).pre(deg - 1).integral(); } FPS pow(int64_t k, int deg = -1) const { const int n = (int)this->size(); if (deg == -1) deg = n; if (k == 0) { FPS ret(deg); if (deg) ret[0] = 1; return ret; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if ((*this)[i] != mint(0)) { mint rev = mint(1) / (*this)[i]; FPS ret = (((*this * rev) >> i).log(deg) * k).exp(deg); ret *= (*this)[i].pow(k); ret = (ret << (i * k)).pre(deg); if ((int)ret.size() < deg) ret.resize(deg, mint(0)); return ret; } if (__int128_t(i + 1) * k >= deg) return FPS(deg, mint(0)); } return FPS(deg, mint(0)); } static void *ntt_ptr; static void set_fft(); FPS &operator*=(const FPS &r); void ntt(); void intt(); void ntt_doubling(); static int ntt_pr(); FPS inv(int deg = -1) const; FPS exp(int deg = -1) const; }; template void *FormalPowerSeries::ntt_ptr = nullptr; /** * @brief 多項式/形式的冪級数ライブラリ * @docs docs/fps/formal-power-series.md */ template struct ProductTree { using fps = FormalPowerSeries; const vector &xs; vector buf; int N, xsz; vector l, r; ProductTree(const vector &xs_) : xs(xs_), xsz(xs.size()) { N = 1; while (N < (int)xs.size()) N *= 2; buf.resize(2 * N); l.resize(2 * N, xs.size()); r.resize(2 * N, xs.size()); fps::set_fft(); if (fps::ntt_ptr == nullptr) build(); else build_ntt(); } void build() { for (int i = 0; i < xsz; i++) { l[i + N] = i; r[i + N] = i + 1; buf[i + N] = {-xs[i], 1}; } for (int i = N - 1; i > 0; i--) { l[i] = l[(i << 1) | 0]; r[i] = r[(i << 1) | 1]; if (buf[(i << 1) | 0].empty()) continue; else if (buf[(i << 1) | 1].empty()) buf[i] = buf[(i << 1) | 0]; else buf[i] = buf[(i << 1) | 0] * buf[(i << 1) | 1]; } } void build_ntt() { fps f; f.reserve(N * 2); for (int i = 0; i < xsz; i++) { l[i + N] = i; r[i + N] = i + 1; buf[i + N] = {-xs[i] + 1, -xs[i] - 1}; } for (int i = N - 1; i > 0; i--) { l[i] = l[(i << 1) | 0]; r[i] = r[(i << 1) | 1]; if (buf[(i << 1) | 0].empty()) continue; else if (buf[(i << 1) | 1].empty()) buf[i] = buf[(i << 1) | 0]; else if (buf[(i << 1) | 0].size() == buf[(i << 1) | 1].size()) { buf[i] = buf[(i << 1) | 0]; f.clear(); copy(begin(buf[(i << 1) | 1]), end(buf[(i << 1) | 1]), back_inserter(f)); buf[i].ntt_doubling(); f.ntt_doubling(); for (int j = 0; j < (int)buf[i].size(); j++) buf[i][j] *= f[j]; } else { buf[i] = buf[(i << 1) | 0]; f.clear(); copy(begin(buf[(i << 1) | 1]), end(buf[(i << 1) | 1]), back_inserter(f)); buf[i].ntt_doubling(); f.intt(); f.resize(buf[i].size(), mint(0)); f.ntt(); for (int j = 0; j < (int)buf[i].size(); j++) buf[i][j] *= f[j]; } } for (int i = 0; i < 2 * N; i++) { buf[i].intt(); buf[i].shrink(); } } }; template vector InnerMultipointEvaluation(const FormalPowerSeries &f, const vector &xs, const ProductTree &ptree) { using fps = FormalPowerSeries; vector ret; ret.reserve(xs.size()); auto rec = [&](auto self, fps a, int idx) { if (ptree.l[idx] == ptree.r[idx]) return; a %= ptree.buf[idx]; if ((int)a.size() <= 64) { for (int i = ptree.l[idx]; i < ptree.r[idx]; i++) ret.push_back(a.eval(xs[i])); return; } self(self, a, (idx << 1) | 0); self(self, a, (idx << 1) | 1); }; rec(rec, f, 1); return ret; } template vector MultipointEvaluation(const FormalPowerSeries &f, const vector &xs) { if(f.empty() || xs.empty()) return vector(xs.size(), mint(0)); return InnerMultipointEvaluation(f, xs, ProductTree(xs)); } /** * @brief Multipoint Evaluation */ template FormalPowerSeries PolynomialInterpolation(const vector &xs, const vector &ys) { using fps = FormalPowerSeries; assert(xs.size() == ys.size()); ProductTree ptree(xs); fps w = ptree.buf[1].diff(); vector vs = InnerMultipointEvaluation(w, xs, ptree); auto rec = [&](auto self, int idx) -> fps { if (idx >= ptree.N) { if (idx - ptree.N < (int)xs.size()) return {ys[idx - ptree.N] / vs[idx - ptree.N]}; else return {mint(1)}; } if (ptree.buf[idx << 1 | 0].empty()) return {}; else if (ptree.buf[idx << 1 | 1].empty()) return self(self, idx << 1 | 0); return self(self, idx << 1 | 0) * ptree.buf[idx << 1 | 1] + self(self, idx << 1 | 1) * ptree.buf[idx << 1 | 0]; }; return rec(rec, 1); } template FormalPowerSeries PolynomialMatrixDeterminant( const Matrix> &m) { int N = m.size(); int deg = 0; for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) deg += max(1, m[i][i].size()) - 1; vector xs(deg + 1); vector ys(deg + 1); Matrix M(N); for (int x = 0; x <= deg; x++) { xs[x] = x; for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j) M[i][j] = m[i][j].eval(x); ys[x] = M.determinant(); } return PolynomialInterpolation(xs, ys); } /** * @brief 多項式行列の行列式 * @docs docs/matrix/polynomial-matrix-determinant.md */ template struct MatrixTree { int n; Matrix m; MatrixTree(int _n) : n(_n), m(_n) { assert(n > 0); } void add(int i, int j, const T& x) { if (i < n) m[i][i] += x; if (j < n) m[j][j] += x; if (i < n and j < n) { m[i][j] -= x; m[j][i] -= x; } } Matrix get() const { return m; } template struct has_value_type : false_type {}; template struct has_value_type< U, typename conditional::type> : true_type {}; template ::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr> T calc() { return PolynomialMatrixDeterminant(m); } template ::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr> T calc() { return m.determinant(); } }; /** * @brief 行列木定理(ラプラシアン行列) */ template struct LazyMontgomeryModInt { using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt; using i32 = int32_t; using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; static constexpr u32 get_r() { u32 ret = mod; for (i32 i = 0; i < 4; ++i) ret *= 2 - mod * ret; return ret; } static constexpr u32 r = get_r(); static constexpr u32 n2 = -u64(mod) % mod; static_assert(mod < (1 << 30), "invalid, mod >= 2 ^ 30"); static_assert((mod & 1) == 1, "invalid, mod % 2 == 0"); static_assert(r * mod == 1, "this code has bugs."); u32 a; constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt() : a(0) {} constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt(const int64_t &b) : a(reduce(u64(b % mod + mod) * n2)){}; static constexpr u32 reduce(const u64 &b) { return (b + u64(u32(b) * u32(-r)) * mod) >> 32; } constexpr mint &operator+=(const mint &b) { if (i32(a += b.a - 2 * mod) < 0) a += 2 * mod; return *this; } constexpr mint &operator-=(const mint &b) { if (i32(a -= b.a) < 0) a += 2 * mod; return *this; } constexpr mint &operator*=(const mint &b) { a = reduce(u64(a) * b.a); return *this; } constexpr mint &operator/=(const mint &b) { *this *= b.inverse(); return *this; } constexpr mint operator+(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) += b; } constexpr mint operator-(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) -= b; } constexpr mint operator*(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) *= b; } constexpr mint operator/(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) /= b; } constexpr bool operator==(const mint &b) const { return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) == (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a); } constexpr bool operator!=(const mint &b) const { return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) != (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a); } constexpr mint operator-() const { return mint() - mint(*this); } constexpr mint operator+() const { return mint(*this); } constexpr mint pow(u64 n) const { mint ret(1), mul(*this); while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) ret *= mul; mul *= mul; n >>= 1; } return ret; } constexpr mint inverse() const { int x = get(), y = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t = 0, tmp = 0; while (y > 0) { t = x / y; x -= t * y, u -= t * v; tmp = x, x = y, y = tmp; tmp = u, u = v, v = tmp; } return mint{u}; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const mint &b) { return os << b.get(); } friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, mint &b) { int64_t t; is >> t; b = LazyMontgomeryModInt(t); return (is); } constexpr u32 get() const { u32 ret = reduce(a); return ret >= mod ? ret - mod : ret; } static constexpr u32 get_mod() { return mod; } }; using namespace std; // コンストラクタの MAX に 「C(n, r) や fac(n) でクエリを投げる最大の n 」 // を入れると倍速くらいになる // mod を超えて前計算して 0 割りを踏むバグは対策済み template struct Binomial { vector f, g, h; Binomial(int MAX = 0) { assert(T::get_mod() != 0 && "Binomial()"); f.resize(1, T{1}); g.resize(1, T{1}); h.resize(1, T{1}); if (MAX > 0) extend(MAX + 1); } void extend(int m = -1) { int n = f.size(); if (m == -1) m = n * 2; m = min(m, T::get_mod()); if (n >= m) return; f.resize(m); g.resize(m); h.resize(m); for (int i = n; i < m; i++) f[i] = f[i - 1] * T(i); g[m - 1] = f[m - 1].inverse(); h[m - 1] = g[m - 1] * f[m - 2]; for (int i = m - 2; i >= n; i--) { g[i] = g[i + 1] * T(i + 1); h[i] = g[i] * f[i - 1]; } } T fac(int i) { if (i < 0) return T(0); while (i >= (int)f.size()) extend(); return f[i]; } T finv(int i) { if (i < 0) return T(0); while (i >= (int)g.size()) extend(); return g[i]; } T inv(int i) { if (i < 0) return -inv(-i); while (i >= (int)h.size()) extend(); return h[i]; } T C(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0); return fac(n) * finv(n - r) * finv(r); } inline T operator()(int n, int r) { return C(n, r); } template T multinomial(const vector& r) { static_assert(is_integral::value == true); int n = 0; for (auto& x : r) { if (x < 0) return T(0); n += x; } T res = fac(n); for (auto& x : r) res *= finv(x); return res; } template T operator()(const vector& r) { return multinomial(r); } T C_naive(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0); T ret = T(1); r = min(r, n - r); for (int i = 1; i <= r; ++i) ret *= inv(i) * (n--); return ret; } T P(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0); return fac(n) * finv(n - r); } // [x^r] 1 / (1-x)^n T H(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || r < 0) return T(0); return r == 0 ? 1 : C(n + r - 1, r); } }; // using namespace Nyaan; using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt<998244353>; // using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt<1000000007>; using vm = vector; using vvm = vector; Binomial C; using namespace Nyaan; void q() { inl(N, K); V es; rep(i, K) { ini(t); vp v(t); in(v); each2(a, b, v)-- a, --b; es.push_back(v); } mint ans = 0; rep(b, PW(K)) { MatrixTree tree(N - 1); rep(i, K) { if (!gbit(b, i)) continue; each2(u, v, es[i]) { trc(u, v); tree.add(u, v, 1); } } trc(tree.get()); trc(tree.calc()); ans += tree.calc() * ((K-popcnt(b))%2 ? -1 : 1); } out(ans); } void Nyaan::solve() { int t = 1; // in(t); while (t--) q(); }