// https://qiita.com/tanakh/items/0ba42c7ca36cd29d0ac8 macro_rules! input { ($($r:tt)*) => { let stdin = std::io::stdin(); let mut bytes = std::io::Read::bytes(std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock())); let mut next = move || -> String{ bytes.by_ref().map(|r|r.unwrap() as char) .skip_while(|c|c.is_whitespace()) .take_while(|c|!c.is_whitespace()) .collect() }; input_inner!{next, $($r)*} }; } macro_rules! input_inner { ($next:expr) => {}; ($next:expr,) => {}; ($next:expr, $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => { let $var = read_value!($next, $t); input_inner!{$next $($r)*} }; } macro_rules! read_value { ($next:expr, ( $($t:tt),* )) => { ($(read_value!($next, $t)),*) }; ($next:expr, [ $t:tt ; $len:expr ]) => { (0..$len).map(|_| read_value!($next, $t)).collect::>() }; ($next:expr, $t:ty) => ($next().parse::<$t>().expect("Parse error")); } /// Verified by https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc198/submissions/21774342 mod mod_int { use std::ops::*; pub trait Mod: Copy { fn m() -> i64; } #[derive(Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)] pub struct ModInt { pub x: i64, phantom: ::std::marker::PhantomData } impl ModInt { // x >= 0 pub fn new(x: i64) -> Self { ModInt::new_internal(x % M::m()) } fn new_internal(x: i64) -> Self { ModInt { x: x, phantom: ::std::marker::PhantomData } } pub fn pow(self, mut e: i64) -> Self { debug_assert!(e >= 0); let mut sum = ModInt::new_internal(1); let mut cur = self; while e > 0 { if e % 2 != 0 { sum *= cur; } cur *= cur; e /= 2; } sum } #[allow(dead_code)] pub fn inv(self) -> Self { self.pow(M::m() - 2) } } impl Default for ModInt { fn default() -> Self { Self::new_internal(0) } } impl>> Add for ModInt { type Output = Self; fn add(self, other: T) -> Self { let other = other.into(); let mut sum = self.x + other.x; if sum >= M::m() { sum -= M::m(); } ModInt::new_internal(sum) } } impl>> Sub for ModInt { type Output = Self; fn sub(self, other: T) -> Self { let other = other.into(); let mut sum = self.x - other.x; if sum < 0 { sum += M::m(); } ModInt::new_internal(sum) } } impl>> Mul for ModInt { type Output = Self; fn mul(self, other: T) -> Self { ModInt::new(self.x * other.into().x % M::m()) } } impl>> AddAssign for ModInt { fn add_assign(&mut self, other: T) { *self = *self + other; } } impl>> SubAssign for ModInt { fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: T) { *self = *self - other; } } impl>> MulAssign for ModInt { fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: T) { *self = *self * other; } } impl Neg for ModInt { type Output = Self; fn neg(self) -> Self { ModInt::new(0) - self } } impl ::std::fmt::Display for ModInt { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result { self.x.fmt(f) } } impl From for ModInt { fn from(x: i64) -> Self { Self::new(x) } } } // mod mod_int macro_rules! define_mod { ($struct_name: ident, $modulo: expr) => { #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)] pub struct $struct_name {} impl mod_int::Mod for $struct_name { fn m() -> i64 { $modulo } } } } const MOD: i64 = 998_244_353; define_mod!(P, MOD); type MInt = mod_int::ModInt

; // Depends on MInt.rs fn fact_init(w: usize) -> (Vec, Vec) { let mut fac = vec![MInt::new(1); w]; let mut invfac = vec![0.into(); w]; for i in 1..w { fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i as i64; } invfac[w - 1] = fac[w - 1].inv(); for i in (0..w - 1).rev() { invfac[i] = invfac[i + 1] * (i as i64 + 1); } (fac, invfac) } // Segment Tree. This data structure is useful for fast folding on intervals of an array // whose elements are elements of monoid I. Note that constructing this tree requires the identity // element of I and the operation of I. // Verified by: yukicoder No. 2220 (https://yukicoder.me/submissions/841554) struct SegTree { n: usize, orign: usize, dat: Vec, op: BiOp, e: I, } impl SegTree where BiOp: Fn(I, I) -> I, I: Copy { pub fn new(n_: usize, op: BiOp, e: I) -> Self { let mut n = 1; while n < n_ { n *= 2; } // n is a power of 2 SegTree {n: n, orign: n_, dat: vec![e; 2 * n - 1], op: op, e: e} } // ary[k] <- v pub fn update(&mut self, idx: usize, v: I) { debug_assert!(idx < self.orign); let mut k = idx + self.n - 1; self.dat[k] = v; while k > 0 { k = (k - 1) / 2; self.dat[k] = (self.op)(self.dat[2 * k + 1], self.dat[2 * k + 2]); } } // [a, b) (half-inclusive) // http://proc-cpuinfo.fixstars.com/2017/07/optimize-segment-tree/ #[allow(unused)] pub fn query(&self, rng: std::ops::Range) -> I { let (mut a, mut b) = (rng.start, rng.end); debug_assert!(a <= b); debug_assert!(b <= self.orign); let mut left = self.e; let mut right = self.e; a += self.n - 1; b += self.n - 1; while a < b { if (a & 1) == 0 { left = (self.op)(left, self.dat[a]); } if (b & 1) == 0 { right = (self.op)(self.dat[b - 1], right); } a = a / 2; b = (b - 1) / 2; } (self.op)(left, right) } } // Depends on: datastr/SegTree.rs // Verified by: yukicoder No. 2220 (https://yukicoder.me/submissions/841554) impl SegTree where BiOp: Fn(I, I) -> I, I: Copy { // Port from https://github.com/atcoder/ac-library/blob/master/atcoder/segtree.hpp #[allow(unused)] fn max_right bool>( &self, rng: std::ops::RangeFrom, f: &F, ) -> usize { let mut l = rng.start; assert!(f(self.e)); if l == self.orign { return self.orign; } l += self.n - 1; let mut sm = self.e; loop { while l % 2 == 1 { l = (l - 1) / 2; } if !f((self.op)(sm, self.dat[l])) { while l < self.n - 1 { l = 2 * l + 1; let val = (self.op)(sm, self.dat[l]); if f(val) { sm = val; l += 1; } } return std::cmp::min(self.orign, l + 1 - self.n); } sm = (self.op)(sm, self.dat[l]); l += 1; if (l + 1).is_power_of_two() { break; } } self.orign } // Port from https://github.com/atcoder/ac-library/blob/master/atcoder/segtree.hpp #[allow(unused)] fn min_left bool>( &self, rng: std::ops::RangeTo, f: &F, ) -> usize { let mut r = rng.end; if !f(self.e) { return r + 1; } if r == 0 { return 0; } r += self.n - 1; let mut sm = self.e; loop { r -= 1; while r > 0 && r % 2 == 0 { r = (r - 1) / 2; } if !f((self.op)(self.dat[r], sm)) { while r < self.n - 1 { r = 2 * r + 2; let val = (self.op)(self.dat[r], sm); if f(val) { sm = val; r -= 1; } } return r + 2 - self.n; } sm = (self.op)(self.dat[r], sm); if (r + 1).is_power_of_two() { break; } } 0 } } fn main() { input! { n: usize, a: [i64; n], } const INF: i64 = 1 << 60; let mut st = SegTree::new(n, std::cmp::min, INF); for i in 0..n { st.update(i, a[i]); } // differences are written. the actual values are to be found by // dp.query(i..n + 1). let mut dp = SegTree::new(n + 1, |x, y| x + y, MInt::new(0)); dp.update(n, MInt::new(1)); dp.update(n - 1, -MInt::new(1)); for i in (1..n + 1).rev() { let l = st.min_left(..i, &|x| x > st.query(i..n)); if l > 0 { let old = dp.query(l - 1..l); let tmp = dp.query(i..n + 1); dp.update(l - 1, old + tmp); } } println!("{}", dp.query(0..n + 1)); }