def f(n,m,a):
	b=r=0
	while n>0:r+=a//m*n*(n-1)//2+b//m*n;a%=m;b%=m;y=a*n+b;n,b,m,a=y//m,y%m,a,m
	return r
for _ in range(int(input())):
	n,d,m,s=map(int,input().split());p,q=1<<s,d*m
	if p!=q:n=min(n,d*p//abs(q-p));n-=abs(f(n+1,p,m)-f(n+1,d,1))
	print(n)