def f(n,m,a):
 b=r=0
 while n>0:r+=a//m*n*~-n//2+b//m*n;a%=m;y=a*n+b%m;n,b,m,a=y//m,y%m,a,m
 return r
for _ in[0]*int(input()):
 n,d,m,s=map(int,input().split());p,q=1<<s,d*m
 if p!=q:n=min(n,d*p//abs(q-p));n-=abs(f(-~n,p,m)-f(-~n,d,1))
 print(n)