#ifndef LOCAL #define FAST_IO #endif // ============ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define OVERRIDE(a, b, c, d, ...) d #define REP2(i, n) for (i32 i = 0; i < (i32)(n); ++i) #define REP3(i, m, n) for (i32 i = (i32)(m); i < (i32)(n); ++i) #define REP(...) OVERRIDE(__VA_ARGS__, REP3, REP2)(__VA_ARGS__) #define PER(i, n) for (i32 i = (i32)(n) - 1; i >= 0; --i) #define ALL(x) begin(x), end(x) using namespace std; using u32 = unsigned int; using u64 = unsigned long long; using i32 = signed int; using i64 = signed long long; using f64 = double; using f80 = long double; template using Vec = vector; template bool chmin(T &x, const T &y) { if (x > y) { x = y; return true; } return false; } template bool chmax(T &x, const T &y) { if (x < y) { x = y; return true; } return false; } #ifdef INT128 using u128 = __uint128_t; using i128 = __int128_t; istream &operator>>(istream &is, i128 &x) { i64 v; is >> v; x = v; return is; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, i128 x) { os << (i64)x; return os; } istream &operator>>(istream &is, u128 &x) { u64 v; is >> v; x = v; return is; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, u128 x) { os << (u64)x; return os; } #endif [[maybe_unused]] constexpr i32 INF = 1000000100; [[maybe_unused]] constexpr i64 INF64 = 3000000000000000100; struct SetUpIO { SetUpIO() { #ifdef FAST_IO ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); #endif cout << fixed << setprecision(15); } } set_up_io; // ============ #ifdef DEBUGF #else #define DBG(x) (void)0 #endif int main() { i32 n, m; cin >> n >> m; Vec>> g(n); REP(i, m) { i32 u, v; cin >> u >> v; --u; --v; g[u].emplace_back(v, i); } Vec vis(n, 0); Vec> edges; Vec> ans; const auto dfs = [&](const auto &dfs, i32 v) -> void { vis[v] = 1; while (!g[v].empty()) { auto [u, e] = g[v].back(); g[v].pop_back(); if (!vis[u]) { edges.emplace_back(v, u, e); dfs(dfs, u); if (!vis[v]) { return; } } else { while (get<0>(edges.back()) != u) { auto [a, b, c] = edges.back(); edges.pop_back(); vis[b] = 0; } edges.pop_back(); dfs(dfs, u); return; } } if (!edges.empty()) { ans.emplace_back(edges.back()); edges.pop_back(); } vis[v] = 0; }; DBG(g); REP(i, n) { if (g[i].size()) { dfs(dfs, i); } DBG(g); } cout << n << ' ' << ans.size() << '\n'; for (auto [u, v, e] : ans) { cout << u + 1 << ' ' << v + 1 << '\n'; } }