#include using namespace std; typedef signed long long ll; #define _P(...) (void)printf(__VA_ARGS__) #define FOR(x,to) for(x=0;x<(to);x++) #define FORR(x,arr) for(auto& x:arr) #define FORR2(x,y,arr) for(auto& [x,y]:arr) #define ALL(a) (a.begin()),(a.end()) #define ZERO(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a)) #define MINUS(a) memset(a,0xff,sizeof(a)) template bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if(a bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if(a>b){a=b;return 1;}return 0;} //------------------------------------------------------- int N,M; vector E[303030]; vector> R; void solve() { int i,j,k,l,r,x,y; string s; cin>>N>>M; FOR(i,M) { cin>>x>>y; E[x-1].push_back(y-1); } FOR(i,N) { while(E[i].size()) { vector V; set S; V.push_back(i); S.insert(i); while(E[V.back()].size()) { x=E[V.back()].back(); E[V.back()].pop_back(); if(S.count(x)) { while(V.back()!=x) { S.erase(V.back()); V.pop_back(); } continue; } S.insert(x); V.push_back(x); } FOR(j,V.size()-1) { R.push_back({V[j]+1,V[j+1]+1}); } } } cout<