#include using namespace std; #include using namespace atcoder; using ll = long long; using VI = vector; using VVI = vector; using VL = vector; using VVL = vector; using VD = vector; using VVD = vector; using VS = vector; using P = pair; using VP = vector

; #define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < ll(n); i++) #define out(x) cout << x << endl #define dout(x) cout << fixed << setprecision(10) << x << endl #define all(a) (a).begin(),(a).end() #define rall(a) (a).rbegin(),(a).rend() #define sz(x) (int)(x.size()) #define re0 return 0 #define pcnt __builtin_popcountll template inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; } template inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; } constexpr int inf = 1e9; constexpr ll INF = 1e18; //using mint = modint1000000007; using mint = modint998244353; int di[4] = {1,0,-1,0}; int dj[4] = {0,1,0,-1}; void solve(){ ll n,k; cin >> n >> k; mint ans = 0; for(int i = 1;i <= k;i++){ ans += mint(i+1).pow(n); } out(ans.val()); } int main(){ int t; cin >> t; rep(ti,t) solve(); }