#line 1 ".lib/template.hpp" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define allof(obj) (obj).begin(), (obj).end() #define range(i, l, r) for(int i=l;i>1)|y_bit)) #define bit_kth(i, k) ((i >> k)&1) #define bit_highest(i) (i?63-__builtin_clzll(i):-1) #define bit_lowest(i) (i?__builtin_ctzll(i):-1) #define sleepms(t) std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(t)) using ll = long long; using ld = long double; using ul = uint64_t; using pi = std::pair; using pl = std::pair; using namespace std; template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, const std::pair &p){ dest << p.first << ' ' << p.second; return dest; } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, const std::vector> &v){ int sz = v.size(); if(sz==0) return dest; for(int i=0;i std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, const std::vector &v){ int sz = v.size(); if(sz==0) return dest; for(int i=0;i std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, const std::array &v){ if(sz==0) return dest; for(int i=0;i std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, const std::set &v){ for(auto itr=v.begin();itr!=v.end();){ dest << *itr; itr++; if(itr!=v.end()) dest << ' '; } return dest; } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, const std::map &v){ for(auto itr=v.begin();itr!=v.end();){ dest << '(' << itr->first << ", " << itr->second << ')'; itr++; if(itr!=v.end()) dest << '\n'; } return dest; } std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, __int128_t value) { std::ostream::sentry s(dest); if (s) { __uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value; char buffer[128]; char *d = std::end(buffer); do { --d; *d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10]; tmp /= 10; } while (tmp != 0); if (value < 0) { --d; *d = '-'; } int len = std::end(buffer) - d; if (dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) { dest.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit); } } return dest; } template vector make_vec(size_t sz, T val){return std::vector(sz, val);} template auto make_vec(size_t sz, Tail ...tail){ return std::vector(tail...))>(sz, make_vec(tail...)); } template vector read_vec(size_t sz){ std::vector v(sz); for(int i=0;i<(int)sz;i++) std::cin >> v[i]; return v; } template auto read_vec(size_t sz, Tail ...tail){ auto v = std::vector(tail...))>(sz); for(int i=0;i<(int)sz;i++) v[i] = read_vec(tail...); return v; } void io_init(){ std::cin.tie(nullptr); std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); } #line 1 ".lib/math/combinatorics.hpp" #line 1 ".lib/math/mod.hpp" #line 6 ".lib/math/mod.hpp" #include #line 8 ".lib/math/mod.hpp" #include #line 1 ".lib/math/minior/mod_base.hpp" #line 4 ".lib/math/minior/mod_base.hpp" // @param m `1 <= m` constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m){ x %= m; if (x < 0) x += m; return x; } struct barrett{ unsigned int _m; unsigned long long im; explicit barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1){} unsigned int umod()const{return _m;} unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b)const{ unsigned long long z = a; z *= b; #ifdef _MSC_VER unsigned long long x; _umul128(z, im, &x); #else unsigned long long x = (unsigned long long)(((unsigned __int128)(z) * im) >> 64); #endif unsigned long long y = x * _m; return (unsigned int)(z - y + (z < y ? _m : 0)); } }; // @param n `0 <= n` // @param m `1 <= m` constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m){ if(m == 1) return 0; unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m); unsigned long long r = 1; unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m); while(n){ if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m; y = (y * y) % _m; n >>= 1; } return r; } constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) { if (n <= 1) return false; if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true; if (n % 2 == 0) return false; long long d = n - 1; while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2; constexpr long long bases[3] = {2, 7, 61}; for(long long a : bases){ long long t = d; long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n); while(t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1){ y = y * y % n; t <<= 1; } if(y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0){ return false; } } return true; } template constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n); constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m){ if(m == 2) return 1; if(m == 167772161) return 3; if(m == 469762049) return 3; if(m == 754974721) return 11; if(m == 998244353) return 3; int divs[20] = {}; divs[0] = 2; int cnt = 1; int x = (m - 1) / 2; while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2; for(int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2){ if(x % i == 0){ divs[cnt++] = i; while(x % i == 0){ x /= i; } } } if(x > 1) divs[cnt++] = x; for(int g = 2;; g++){ bool ok = true; for(int i = 0; i < cnt; i++){ if(pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1){ ok = false; break; } } if(ok)return g; } } template constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m); int ceil_pow2(int n){ int x = 0; while ((1U << x) < (unsigned int)(n)) x++; return x; } int bsf(unsigned int n){ return __builtin_ctz(n); } // @param b `1 <= b` // @return pair(g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), xa = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b/g constexpr std::pair inv_gcd(long long a, long long b){ a = safe_mod(a, b); if(a == 0) return {b, 0}; long long s = b, t = a; long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t){ long long u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; auto tmp = s; s = t; t = tmp; tmp = m0; m0 = m1; m1 = tmp; } if(m0 < 0) m0 += b / s; return {s, m0}; } #line 13 ".lib/math/mod.hpp" template long long modpow(long long a, long long b){ assert(0 <= b); assert(0 < m); a = safe_mod(a, m); long long ret = 1; while(b){ if(b & 1) ret = (ret * a) % m; a = (a * a) % m; b >>= 1; } return ret; } // @param 0 <= b, 0 < m long long modpow(long long a, long long b, int m){ assert(0 <= b); assert(0 < m); a = safe_mod(a, m); long long ret = 1; while(b){ if(b & 1) ret = (ret * a) % m; a = (a * a) % m; b >>= 1; } return ret; } struct modint_base {}; struct static_modint_base : modint_base {}; template * = nullptr> struct static_modint : static_modint_base{ using mint = static_modint; public: static constexpr int mod(){return m;} static mint raw(int v) { mint x; x._v = v; return x; } static_modint(): _v(0){} template static_modint(T v){ long long x = v % (long long)umod(); if (x < 0) x += umod(); _v = x; } unsigned int val()const{return _v;} mint& operator++(){ _v++; if (_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint& operator--(){ if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int){ mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int){ mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs){ _v += rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs){ _v -= rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod(); return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs){ unsigned long long z = _v; z *= rhs._v; _v = (unsigned int)(z % umod()); return *this; } mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs){return *this = *this * rhs.inv();} mint operator+()const{return *this;} mint operator-()const{return mint() - *this;} mint pow(long long n)const{ assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while(n){ if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } mint inv()const{ if(prime){ assert(_v); return pow(umod() - 2); }else{ auto eg = inv_gcd(_v, m); assert(eg.first == 1); return eg.second; } } friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return mint(lhs) += rhs;} friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return mint(lhs) -= rhs;} friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return mint(lhs) *= rhs;} friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return mint(lhs) /= rhs;} friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return lhs._v == rhs._v;} friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return lhs._v != rhs._v;} private: unsigned int _v; static constexpr unsigned int umod(){return m;} static constexpr bool prime = is_prime; }; template struct dynamic_modint : modint_base{ using mint = dynamic_modint; public: static int mod(){return (int)(bt.umod());} static void set_mod(int m){ assert(1 <= m); bt = barrett(m); } static mint raw(int v){ mint x; x._v = v; return x; } dynamic_modint(): _v(0){} template dynamic_modint(T v){ long long x = v % (long long)(mod()); if (x < 0) x += mod(); _v = x; } unsigned int val()const{return _v;} mint& operator++(){ _v++; if(_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint& operator--(){ if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int){ mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int){ mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs){ _v += rhs._v; if(_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs){ _v += mod() - rhs._v; if(_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs){ _v = bt.mul(_v, rhs._v); return *this; } mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs){return *this = *this * rhs.inv();} mint operator+()const{return *this;} mint operator-()const{return mint() - *this;} mint pow(long long n)const{ assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while(n){ if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } mint inv()const{ auto eg = inv_gcd(_v, mod()); assert(eg.first == 1); return eg.second; } friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return mint(lhs) += rhs;} friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return mint(lhs) -= rhs;} friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return mint(lhs) *= rhs;} friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return mint(lhs) /= rhs;} friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return lhs._v == rhs._v;} friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs){return lhs._v != rhs._v;} private: unsigned int _v; static barrett bt; static unsigned int umod(){return bt.umod();} }; template barrett dynamic_modint::bt(998244353); using modint = dynamic_modint<-1>; using modint998244353 = static_modint<998244353>; using modint1000000007 = static_modint<1000000007>; template using is_modint = std::is_base_of; template using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template using is_static_modint = std::is_base_of; template using is_static_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template struct is_dynamic_modint : public std::false_type {}; template struct is_dynamic_modint> : public std::true_type {}; template using is_dynamic_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, const static_modint &a){ dest << a.val(); return dest; } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, const dynamic_modint &a){ dest << a.val(); return dest; } // 0 <= n < m <= int_max // 前処理 O(n + log(m)) // 各種計算 O(1) // 変数 <= n template* = nullptr> struct modcomb{ private: int n; std::vector f, i, fi; void init(int _n){ assert(0 <= _n && _n < mint::mod()); if(_n < f.size()) return; n = _n; f.resize(n + 1), i.resize(n + 1), fi.resize(n + 1); f[0] = fi[0] = mint(1); if(n) f[1] = fi[1] = i[1] = mint(1); for(int j = 2; j <= n; j++) f[j] = f[j - 1] * j; fi[n] = f[n].inv(); for(int j = n; j >= 2; j--){ fi[j - 1] = fi[j] * j; i[j] = f[j - 1] * fi[j]; } } public: modcomb(): n(-1){} modcomb(int _n){ init(_n); } void recalc(int _n){ init(std::min(mint::mod() - 1, 1 << ceil_pow2(_n))); } mint comb(int a, int b){ if((a < 0) || (b < 0) || (a < b)) return 0; return f[a] * fi[a - b] * fi[b]; } mint perm(int a, int b){ if((a < 0) || (b < 0) || (a < b)) return 0; return f[a] * fi[a - b]; } mint fac(int x){ assert(0 <= x && x <= n); return f[x]; } mint inv(int x){ assert(0 < x && x <= n); return i[x]; } mint finv(int x){ assert(0 <= x && x <= n); return fi[x]; } }; template* = nullptr> struct modpow_table{ std::vector v; // x^maxkまで計算できる modpow_table(){} void init(int x, int maxk){ v.resize(maxk + 1); v[0] = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= maxk; i++) v[i] = v[i - 1] * x; } mint pow(int k){ assert(0 <= k && k < v.size()); return v[k]; } }; #line 1 ".lib/math/fps_extra.hpp" #line 1 ".lib/math/fps.hpp" #line 1 ".lib/math/convolution.hpp" #line 5 ".lib/math/convolution.hpp" template void butterfly(std::vector& a){ static constexpr int g = primitive_root; int n = int(a.size()); int h = ceil_pow2(n); static bool first = true; static mint sum_e[30]; // sum_e[i] = ies[0] * ... * ies[i - 1] * es[i] if(first){ first = false; mint es[30], ies[30]; // es[i]^(2^(2+i)) == 1 int cnt2 = bsf(mint::mod() - 1); mint e = mint(g).pow((mint::mod() - 1) >> cnt2), ie = e.inv(); for(int i = cnt2; i >= 2; i--){ // e^(2^i) == 1 es[i - 2] = e; ies[i - 2] = ie; e *= e; ie *= ie; } mint now = 1; for(int i = 0; i <= cnt2 - 2; i++){ sum_e[i] = es[i] * now; now *= ies[i]; } } for(int ph = 1; ph <= h; ph++){ int w = 1 << (ph - 1), p = 1 << (h - ph); mint now = 1; for(int s = 0; s < w; s++){ int offset = s << (h - ph + 1); for(int i = 0; i < p; i++){ auto l = a[i + offset]; auto r = a[i + offset + p] * now; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = l - r; } now *= sum_e[bsf(~(unsigned int)(s))]; } } } template void butterfly_inv(std::vector& a){ static constexpr int g = primitive_root; int n = int(a.size()); int h = ceil_pow2(n); static bool first = true; static mint sum_ie[30]; // sum_ie[i] = es[0] * ... * es[i - 1] * ies[i] if(first){ first = false; mint es[30], ies[30]; // es[i]^(2^(2+i)) == 1 int cnt2 = bsf(mint::mod() - 1); mint e = mint(g).pow((mint::mod() - 1) >> cnt2), ie = e.inv(); for(int i = cnt2; i >= 2; i--){ // e^(2^i) == 1 es[i - 2] = e; ies[i - 2] = ie; e *= e; ie *= ie; } mint now = 1; for(int i = 0; i <= cnt2 - 2; i++){ sum_ie[i] = ies[i] * now; now *= es[i]; } } for(int ph = h; ph >= 1; ph--){ int w = 1 << (ph - 1), p = 1 << (h - ph); mint inow = 1; for(int s = 0; s < w; s++){ int offset = s << (h - ph + 1); for(int i = 0; i < p; i++){ auto l = a[i + offset]; auto r = a[i + offset + p]; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = (unsigned long long)(mint::mod() + l.val() - r.val()) * inow.val(); } inow *= sum_ie[bsf(~(unsigned int)(s))]; } } } template std::vector convolution_mod(std::vector a, std::vector b){ int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if(!n || !m) return {}; if(std::min(n, m) <= 60){ if(n < m){ std::swap(n, m); std::swap(a, b); } std::vector ans(n + m - 1); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){ ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } } return ans; } int z = 1 << ceil_pow2(n + m - 1); a.resize(z); butterfly(a); b.resize(z); butterfly(b); for(int i = 0; i < z; i++) a[i] *= b[i]; butterfly_inv(a); a.resize(n + m - 1); mint iz = mint(z).inv(); for(int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) a[i] *= iz; return a; } template std::vector convolution_mod(const std::vector& a, const std::vector& b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if(!n || !m) return {}; using mint = static_modint; std::vector a2(n), b2(m); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) a2[i] = mint(a[i]); for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) b2[i] = mint(b[i]); auto c2 = convolution_mod(move(a2), move(b2)); std::vector c(n + m - 1); for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) c[i] = c2[i].val(); return c; } template std::vector square_mod(std::vector a){ int n = int(a.size()); if(!n) return {}; if(n <= 60){ std::vector ans(2 * n - 1); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ for(int j = i + 1; j < n; j++){ ans[i + j] += 2 * a[i] * a[j]; } ans[2 * i] += a[i] * a[i]; } return ans; } int z = 1 << ceil_pow2(2 * n - 1); a.resize(z); butterfly(a); for(int i = 0; i < z; i++) a[i] *= a[i]; butterfly_inv(a); a.resize(2 * n - 1); mint iz = mint(z).inv(); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n - 1; i++) a[i] *= iz; return a; } template std::vector square_mod(const std::vector &a){ int n = int(a.size()); if(!n) return {}; using mint = static_modint; std::vector a2(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) a2[i] = mint(a[i]); auto c2 = square_mod(move(a2)); std::vector c(2 * n - 1); for(int i = 0; i < 2 * n - 1; i++) c[i] = c2[i].val(); return c; } // ntt-friendlyでないmodで畳み込みを行う template std::vector convolution_int_mod(const std::vector& a, const std::vector& b){ if(mint::mod() == 998244353) return convolution_mod(a, b); int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if(!n || !m) return {}; if(std::min(n, m) <= 60){ std::vector ans(n + m - 1, 0); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){ ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } } return ans; } static constexpr long long MOD1 = 167772161, MOD2 = 469762049, MOD3 = 1224736769; static constexpr long long M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2, ix = inv_gcd(MOD1, MOD2).second, i3 = inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD2, MOD3).second; std::vector a2(n), b2(m); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) a2[i] = a[i].val(); for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) b2[i] = b[i].val(); auto c1 = convolution_mod(a2, b2); auto c2 = convolution_mod(a2, b2); auto c3 = convolution_mod(a2, b2); std::vector c(n + m - 1); int M1M2m = M1M2 % mint::mod(); for(int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++){ long long v = (((long long)c2[i] - c1[i]) * ix) % MOD2; if(v < 0) v += MOD2; long long xxv = c1[i] + MOD1 * v; v = ((c3[i] - (xxv % MOD3)) * i3) % MOD3; if(v < 0) v += MOD3; c[i] = mint(xxv + M1M2m * v); } return c; } // ntt-friendlyでないmodでa * aを計算する template std::vector square_int_mod(const std::vector& a){ if(mint::mod() == 998244353) return square_mod(a); int n = int(a.size()); if(!n) return {}; if(n <= 60){ std::vector ans(2 * n - 1); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ for(int j = i + 1; j < n; j++){ ans[i + j] += 2 * a[i] * a[j]; } ans[2 * i] += a[i] * a[i]; } return ans; } static constexpr long long MOD1 = 167772161, MOD2 = 469762049, MOD3 = 1224736769; static constexpr long long M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2, ix = inv_gcd(MOD1, MOD2).second, i3 = inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD2, MOD3).second; std::vector a2(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) a2[i] = a[i].val(); auto c1 = square_mod(a2); auto c2 = square_mod(a2); auto c3 = square_mod(a2); std::vector c(2 * n - 1); int M1M2m = M1M2 % mint::mod(); for(int i = 0; i < 2 * n - 1; i++){ long long v = (((long long)c2[i] - c1[i]) * ix) % MOD2; if(v < 0) v += MOD2; long long xxv = c1[i] + MOD1 * v; v = ((c3[i] - (xxv % MOD3)) * i3) % MOD3; if(v < 0) v += MOD3; c[i] = mint(xxv + M1M2m * v); } return c; } // @param 答えがlong longに収まる std::vector convolution_ll(const std::vector& a, const std::vector& b){ int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if (!n || !m) return {}; if(std::min(n, m) <= 60){ std::vector ans(n + m - 1, 0); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){ ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } } return ans; } // 2^24, 2^25, 2^26 static constexpr unsigned long long MOD1 = 754974721, MOD2 = 167772161, MOD3 = 469762049; static constexpr unsigned long long M2M3 = MOD2 * MOD3, M1M3 = MOD1 * MOD3, M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2, M1M2M3 = MOD1 * MOD2 * MOD3; static constexpr unsigned long long i1 = inv_gcd(MOD2 * MOD3, MOD1).second, i2 = inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD3, MOD2).second, i3 = inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD2, MOD3).second; auto c1 = convolution_mod(a, b); auto c2 = convolution_mod(a, b); auto c3 = convolution_mod(a, b); std::vector c(n + m - 1); for(int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++){ unsigned long long x = 0; x += (c1[i] * i1) % MOD1 * M2M3; x += (c2[i] * i2) % MOD2 * M1M3; x += (c3[i] * i3) % MOD3 * M1M2; long long diff = c1[i] - safe_mod((long long)(x), (long long)(MOD1)); if (diff < 0) diff += MOD1; static constexpr unsigned long long offset[5] = {0, 0, M1M2M3, 2 * M1M2M3, 3 * M1M2M3}; x -= offset[diff % 5]; c[i] = x; } return c; } // @param 答えがlong longに収まる std::vector square_ll(const std::vector& a){ int n = int(a.size()); if (!n) return {}; if(n <= 60){ std::vector ans(2 * n - 1, 0); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ for(int j = i + 1; j < n; j++){ ans[i + j] += 2 * a[i] * a[j]; } ans[2 * i] += a[i] * a[i]; } return ans; } // 2^24, 2^25, 2^26 static constexpr unsigned long long MOD1 = 754974721, MOD2 = 167772161, MOD3 = 469762049; static constexpr unsigned long long M2M3 = MOD2 * MOD3, M1M3 = MOD1 * MOD3, M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2, M1M2M3 = MOD1 * MOD2 * MOD3; static constexpr unsigned long long i1 = inv_gcd(MOD2 * MOD3, MOD1).second, i2 = inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD3, MOD2).second, i3 = inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD2, MOD3).second; auto c1 = square_mod(a); auto c2 = square_mod(a); auto c3 = square_mod(a); std::vector c(2 * n - 1); for(int i = 0; i < 2 * n - 1; i++){ unsigned long long x = 0; x += (c1[i] * i1) % MOD1 * M2M3; x += (c2[i] * i2) % MOD2 * M1M3; x += (c3[i] * i3) % MOD3 * M1M2; long long diff = c1[i] - safe_mod((long long)(x), (long long)(MOD1)); if (diff < 0) diff += MOD1; static constexpr unsigned long long offset[5] = {0, 0, M1M2M3, 2 * M1M2M3, 3 * M1M2M3}; x -= offset[diff % 5]; c[i] = x; } return c; } #line 7 ".lib/math/fps.hpp" template struct formal_power_series; // 全ての要素の次数が同じだと仮定して総積を求める // 全ての次数が1の場合 O(Nlog^2N) template formal_power_series multiply_constant_degree(std::vector> v, int max_size = -1){ if(max_size == -1) max_size = std::numeric_limits::max(); int n = v.size(); for(int d = 1; d < n; d <<= 1){ for(int j = 0; j < n; j += 2 * d){ if(j + d < n){ v[j] *= v[j + d]; if(v[j].size() > max_size) v[j].resize(max_size); } } } return v[0]; } // 次数が低い順に計算 // 次数の総和をNとしてO(Nlog^2N) template formal_power_series multiply_lower_degree(std::vector> v, int max_size = std::numeric_limits::max()){ using p = std::pair; std::priority_queue, std::greater

> que; int n = v.size(); if(n == 0) return {mint(1)}; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ if(v[i].size() > max_size) v[i].resize(max_size); que.push({v[i].size(), i}); } while(que.size() > 1){ int a = que.top().second; que.pop(); int b = que.top().second; que.pop(); v[a] *= v[b]; if(v[a].size() > max_size) v[a].resize(max_size); que.push({v[a].size(), a}); } return v[que.top().second]; } template struct formal_power_series : std::vector{ using std::vector::vector; using fps = formal_power_series; formal_power_series(const std::vector &v){ this->resize(v.size()); std::copy(v.begin(), v.end(), this->begin()); } fps operator *= (const fps &vr){ return *this = convolution_int_mod(*this, vr); } fps operator /= (fps &vr){ return (*this) *= vr.inv(); } fps operator += (const fps &vr){ int n = this->size(), m = vr.size(); if(n < m) this->resize(m); for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) (*this)[i] += vr[i]; return *this; } fps operator -= (const fps &vr){ int n = this->size(), m = vr.size(); if(n < m) this->resize(m); for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) (*this)[i] -= vr[i]; return *this; } fps operator %= (const fps &vr){ int n = this->size(), m = vr.size(); if(n < m) return *this; n = n - m + 1; fps r = ((rev().prefix(n) * vr.rev().inv(n)).prefix(n).rev(n)) * vr; return (*this - r).prefix(m - 1); } // 係数が0でない最大の次数, deg(0) = -1とする int deg()const{ int n = this->size(); for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) if((*this)[i].val()) return i; return -1; } // 係数が0でない最大の次数, deg(0) = -1とする, 余分な0を消す int deg_fix(){ int n = this->size(); for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--){ if(this->back().val() != 0) return i; else this->pop_back(); } return -1; } // f(x) = q(x) * g(x) + r(x)となるような商q(x)と余りr(x)を求める // f(x)がn - 1次, g(x)がm - 1次のとき, q(x)はn - m次, r(x)はm - 2次以下になる std::pair polynomial_div(fps g){ int n = this->size(), m = g.size(); if(deg_fix() < g.deg_fix()) return {fps{0}, *this}; n = n - m + 1; fps q = (rev().prefix(n) * g.rev().inv(n)).prefix(n).rev(n); return {q, ((*this) - q * g).prefix(m - 1)}; } // どちらかの次数が-1の場合空のfpsを返す, O(nm) static fps gcd_naive(const fps &f, const fps &g){ if(g.deg() == -1) return g; if(f.deg() == -1) return f; fps st[2] = {g, f}; bool flip = false; while(st[!flip].deg_fix() != -1){ int n = st[flip].deg_fix(), m = st[!flip].deg_fix(), deg_diff = n - m; if(n >= m){ mint c = st[flip][n] / st[!flip][m]; for(int i = deg_diff; i <= n; i++) st[flip][i] -= c * st[!flip][i - deg_diff]; n = st[flip].deg_fix(), m = st[!flip].deg_fix(); } if(n < m) flip ^= 1; } return st[flip]; } // f(x) * h(x)がmod g(x)でgcd(f(x), g(x))になるような{h(x), gcd(f(x), g(x))}を求める // O(nm) static std::pair polynomial_inv_naive(const fps &f, const fps &g){ if(f.deg() == -1) return std::make_pair(g, fps{0}); // fが0 if(g.deg() == -1) return std::make_pair(fps{}, fps{}); // gで割れない fps st[2] = {g, f}; fps ms[2] = {fps{0}, fps{1}}; bool flip = false; while(st[!flip].deg_fix() != -1){ int n = st[flip].deg_fix(), m = st[!flip].deg_fix(), deg_diff = n - m; if(n >= m){ mint c = st[flip][n] / st[!flip][m]; for(int i = deg_diff; i <= n; i++) st[flip][i] -= c * st[!flip][i - deg_diff]; int o = ms[!flip].deg_fix() + 1; if(o + deg_diff > ms[flip].size()) ms[flip].resize(o + deg_diff, 0); for(int i = 0; i < o; i++) ms[flip][i + deg_diff] -= ms[!flip][i] * c; n = st[flip].deg_fix(), m = st[!flip].deg_fix(); } if(n < m) flip ^= 1; } return {st[flip], ms[flip]}; } fps operator += (const mint &vr){ int n = this->size(); if(n == 0) this->resize(1, 0); (*this)[0] += vr; return *this; } fps operator -= (const mint &vr){ int n = this->size(); if(n == 0) this->resize(1, 0); (*this)[0] -= vr; return *this; } fps operator *= (const mint &vr){ int n = this->size(); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) (*this)[i] *= vr; return *this; } fps operator /= (const mint &vr){ mint ir = vr.inv(); int n = this->size(); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) (*this)[i] *= ir; return *this; } fps operator + (const fps& vr)const{return fps(*this) += vr;} fps operator - (const fps& vr)const{return fps(*this) -= vr;} fps operator * (const fps& vr)const{return fps(*this) *= vr;} fps operator / (const fps& vr)const{return fps(*this) /= vr;} fps operator % (const fps& vr)const{return fps(*this) %= vr;} fps operator + (const mint& vr)const{return fps(*this) += vr;} fps operator - (const mint& vr)const{return fps(*this) -= vr;} fps operator * (const mint& vr)const{return fps(*this) *= vr;} fps operator / (const mint& vr)const{return fps(*this) /= vr;} void print(int printsize = -1)const{ if(printsize == -1) printsize = (int)this->size(); printsize = std::min(printsize, (int)this->size()); if(printsize == 0){ std::cout << '\n'; return; } for(int i = 0; i < printsize; i++){ if(i == printsize - 1) std::cout << (*this)[i].val() << '\n'; else std::cout << (*this)[i].val() << ' '; } } fps rev(int deg = -1)const{ fps res(*this); if(deg != -1) res.resize(deg, 0); std::reverse(res.begin(), res.end()); return res; } fps prefix(int deg){ int n = std::min((int)this->size(), deg); return fps(this->begin(), this->begin() + n); } fps rshift(int s){ fps res(*this); if(res.size() <= s) return {}; res.erase(res.begin(), res.begin() + s); return res; } fps lshift(int s){ fps res(*this); res.insert(res.begin(), s, mint(0)); return res; } fps inv_any_mod(int deg = -1){ assert((*this)[0].val()); int n = this->size(); if(deg == -1) deg = n; fps res{(*this)[0].inv()}; for(int i = 1; i < deg; i <<= 1){ res = (res + res - (res * res * prefix(i << 1))).prefix(i << 1); } return res.prefix(deg); } fps inv(int deg = -1){ assert((*this)[0].val()); if(mint::mod() != 998244353) return inv_any_mod(deg); int n = this->size(); if(deg == -1) deg = n; fps res{(*this)[0].inv()}; for(int i = 1, z = i << 2; i < deg; i <<= 1, z <<= 1){ std::vector res_old = res, f_prefix = prefix(i << 1); res_old.resize(z); butterfly(res_old); f_prefix.resize(z); butterfly(f_prefix); for(int j = 0; j < z; j++) res_old[j] *= res_old[j] * f_prefix[j]; butterfly_inv(res_old); mint iz = mint(z).inv(); res_old.resize(z >> 1); for(int j = 0; j < (z >> 1); j++) res_old[j] *= iz; res = res + res - (fps)res_old; } return res.prefix(deg); } fps diff(){ int n = (int) this->size(); fps res(std::max(0, n - 1)); for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) res[i - 1] = (*this)[i] * i; return res; } fps integral(){ static modcomb mcb; int n = (int) this->size(); fps res(n + 1); mcb.recalc(n); res[0] = 0; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) res[i + 1] = (*this)[i] * mcb.inv(i + 1); return res; } fps log(int deg = -1){ assert((*this)[0].val() == 1); int n = (int)this->size(); if(deg == -1) deg = n; return (this->diff() * this->inv(deg)).prefix(deg - 1).integral(); } fps exp_any_mod(int deg = -1){ assert((*this)[0].val() == 0); int n = this->size(); if(deg == -1) deg = n; fps res{1}; for(int i = 1; i < deg; i <<= 1){ res = (res * (prefix(i << 1) + mint(1) - res.log(i << 1))).prefix(i << 1); } return res.prefix(deg); } fps exp(int deg = -1){ if(mint::mod() != 998244353) return exp_any_mod(deg); assert((*this)[0].val() == 0); int n = this->size(); if(deg == -1) deg = n; fps res{1}, diff_res, diff_res_prev, inv_res, inv_res_old, inv_res_prev, log_res, log_res_prev; for(int i = 1; i < deg; i <<= 1){ diff_res_prev = diff_res; diff_res.resize(i - 1); for(int j = std::max(1, i >> 1); j < i; j++) diff_res[j - 1] = res[j] * j; if(i == 1){ inv_res = inv_res_old = {1}; }else{ fps i1 = inv_res_old; i1.resize(i << 1); butterfly(i1); fps i2 = res.prefix(i); i2.resize(i << 1); butterfly(i2); for(int j = 0; j < (i << 1); j++) i1[j] *= i1[j] * i2[j]; butterfly_inv(i1); i1.resize(i); mint iz = mint(i << 1).inv(); for(int j = 0; j < i; j++) i1[j] *= iz; inv_res_old = inv_res_old + inv_res_old - i1; i1 = inv_res_old; i1.resize(i << 2); butterfly(i1); i2 = res.prefix(i << 1); i2.resize(i << 2); butterfly(i2); for(int j = 0; j < (i << 2); j++) i1[j] *= i1[j] * i2[j]; butterfly_inv(i1); i1.resize(i << 1); iz = mint(i << 2).inv(); for(int j = 0; j < (i << 1); j++) i1[j] *= iz; inv_res = inv_res_old + inv_res_old - i1; } log_res = (diff_res * inv_res).prefix((i << 1) - 1).integral(); res = (res * (prefix(i << 1) + mint(1) - log_res)).prefix(i << 1); } return res.prefix(deg); } fps pow(long long k, int deg = -1){ int n = (int) this->size(); if(deg == -1) deg = n; if(!k){ fps res(deg, 0); res[0] = 1; return res; } for(long long i = 0; i < n; i++){ if((*this)[i] != 0) { fps C = (*this) * (*this)[i].inv(); fps D(deg); for(int j = i; j < n; j++) D[j - i] = C[j]; D = (D.log(deg) * mint(k)).exp(deg) * (*this)[i].pow(k); fps E(deg); if(i * k > deg) return E; for(long long j = 0; j + __int128_t(i) * k < deg && j < D.size(); j++) E[j + i * k] = D[j]; return E; } } return *this; } //初めて0以外が現れるのが奇数次数 or 初めに現れる数が平方根でない -> 解無し(空のfpsを返す) fps sqrt(int deg = -1){ int n = (int)this->size(); if(deg == -1) deg = n; if((*this)[0].val()==0){ for(int i = 1; i < n;i++){ if((*this)[i].val() != 0){ if(i & 1) return {}; if(deg - i / 2 <= 0) return fps(deg, 0); fps res = rshift(i).sqrt(deg - i / 2); if(res.empty()) return {}; res = res.lshift(i / 2); if(res.size() < deg) res.resize(deg, 0); return res; } } return fps(deg, 0); } int x = modsqrt((*this)[0].val(), mint::mod()); if(x == -1) return {}; fps res({mint(x)}); mint i2 = mint(2).inv(); for(int i = 1; i < deg; i <<= 1) res = (res + prefix(i << 1) * res.inv(i << 1)) * i2; return res; } // reference: http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~htk/publication/1978-jacm-brent-kung.pdf // N次多項式 f(x)にM次多項式 g(x)を合成した結果を求める // deg(f) = deg(g) = deg(ans) = Nとして、 // f(x)をk := √N ブロックに平方分割すると f(x) = f_0(x) + f_1(x) x^k ... と約k項になる // f((g(x))) = f_0(g(x)) + f_1(g(x))g(x)^k + ... // 1. f_i(g(x))はk項とM項の合成なので、g(x)^i (0<=i<=k)を前処理しておくとO(Nk) // 2. g(x)^kiを求める、かけるのは共に一回あたりO(NlogN) // (1, 2)をkブロック分行うのでO(k × (Nk + NlogN)) = O(N^2 + N^1.5 * logN) static fps composition(const fps &f, const fps &g, int deg = -1){ int n = f.size(); //if(deg == -1) deg = (n - 1) * (m - 1) + 1; if(deg == -1) deg = n; int k = (int)std::sqrt(n) + 1; // ブロック数 int d = (n + k - 1) / k; // 1ブロックあたりの次数 std::vector gpow(k + 1); gpow[0] = {mint(1)}; for(int i = 1; i <= k; i++){ gpow[i] = gpow[i - 1] * g; if(gpow[i].size() > deg) gpow[i].resize(deg); } std::vector fi(k, fps(deg, 0)); for(int i = 0; i < k; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < d; j++){ int idx = i * d + j; if(idx >= n) break; for(int t = 0; t < gpow[j].size(); t++) fi[i][t] += gpow[j][t] * f[idx]; } } fps res(deg, 0), gd = {1}; for(int i = 0; i < k; i++){ fi[i] *= gd; int sz = std::min(deg, (int)fi[i].size()); for(int j = 0; j < sz; j++) res[j] += fi[i][j]; gd *= gpow[d]; if(gd.size() > deg) gd.resize(deg); } return res; } }; #line 5 ".lib/math/fps_extra.hpp" template std::vector multipoint_evaluation(const formal_power_series &f, const std::vector &v){ using fps = formal_power_series; int m = v.size(); int N = 1; while(N < m) N *= 2; std::vector t(2 * N - 1, fps{1}); for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) t[N - 1 + i] = fps{-v[i], 1}; for(int i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--) t[i] = t[i * 2 + 1] * t[i * 2 + 2]; t[0] = f % t[0]; for(int i = 1; i < 2 * N - 1; i++){ t[i] = t[(i - 1) / 2] % t[i]; } std::vector res(m); for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){ res[i] = t[N - 1 + i][0]; } return res; } template fps interpolation_divide_and_conquer(const std::vector &fx, const fps &f, const std::vector &tree, int k, int l, int r){ if(r - l == 1) return fps{fx[l] * f[0].inv()}; int mid = (l + r) / 2; if(tree[k * 2 + 2].empty()) return interpolation_divide_and_conquer(fx, f, tree, k * 2 + 1, l, mid); fps left = interpolation_divide_and_conquer(fx, f % tree[k * 2 + 1], tree, k * 2 + 1, l, mid); fps right = interpolation_divide_and_conquer(fx, f % tree[k * 2 + 2], tree, k * 2 + 2, mid, r); return left * tree[k * 2 + 2] + right * tree[k * 2 + 1]; } template formal_power_series polynomial_interpolation(const std::vector &xi, const std::vector &fx){ using fps = formal_power_series; int n = xi.size(); int N = 1; while(N < n) N *= 2; std::vector tree(2 * N - 1, fps{}); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) tree[N - 1 + i] = fps{-xi[i], 1}; for(int i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--){ if(tree[i * 2 + 2].empty()) tree[i] = tree[i * 2 + 1]; else tree[i] = tree[i * 2 + 1] * tree[i * 2 + 2]; } for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) tree[0][i] = tree[0][i + 1] * (i + 1); tree[0].pop_back(); return interpolation_divide_and_conquer(fx, tree[0], tree, 0, 0, N).prefix(n); } // a / bx + c を大量に足す template formal_power_series fractions_sum_binomial(const std::vector> &v, int max_size = -1){ using fps = formal_power_series; if(max_size == -1) max_size = std::numeric_limits::max(); int n = v.size(); std::vector> res(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ auto [a, b, c] = v[i]; assert(b.val() || c.val()); res[i].first = fps{a}; res[i].second = fps{c, b}; } for(int d = 1; d < n; d <<= 1){ for(int j = 0; j < n; j += 2 * d){ if(j + d < n){ v[j].first *= v[j + d].second; v[j + d].first *= v[j].second; v[j].second *= v[j + d].second; v[j].first += v[j + d].first; if(v[j].first.size() > max_size) v[j].first.resize(max_size); if(v[j].second.size() > max_size) v[j].second.resize(max_size); } } } return res[0].first * res[0].second.inv(); } /* template std::vector shiftof_sampling_points(mint x0, mint d, const std::vector &y, const std::vector &p){ using fps = formal_power_series; static modcomb mcb; int n = y.size(); mcb.recalc(n); mint pi_xi_x0(1); // xi == 0 or xi == xjで壊れる // xi == 0は調べる // 素数modだと仮定して, n >= mod or dがmodの倍数で壊れる assert(n < mint::mod() && d.val()) ; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ mint xi = x0 + d * i; assert(xi.val()); pi_xi_x0 *= d * i; } std::vector tmp; std::vector> tmp_frac; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ mint xi = x0 + d * i; tmp.push_back({-xi, 1}); } fps x = multiply_constant_degree(tmp); x /= pi_xi_x0; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ mint iQ = mcb.finv(i) * mcb.finv(n - 1 - i); mint xi = x0 + d * i; if((n - i - 1) & 1) iQ = -iQ; mint iC = y[i] * iQ; tmp_frac.push_back({iC, 1, -xi}); } x *= fractions_sum_binomial(tmp_frac); x.print(); exit(0); } */ /* //f_i(x) := 1 ± a_i x^b_i を大量に掛ける //O(N^2/th + thMlogM) // N = M = 1e5 なら50が早かった template StaticModFPS multiply_binomial(vector> v, ll m, ll th){ using fps = StaticModFPS; fps ret_big(m, 0); vvl big; vector> small(th+1, vector()); vector inv((m/th)+2); inv[0] = inv[1] = 1; for(ll i=2;i<=(m/th)+1;i++){ ll u = MOD - (MOD/i); inv[i] = (u*inv[MOD%i])%MOD; } for(auto e:v){ e[0] %= MOD; if(e[0] < 0) e[0] += MOD; if(e[1]>th) big.push_back(e); else small[e[1]].push_back({1, e[0]}); } for(int i=0;i(small[i], m/i+1); bool f = true; for(int j=m-1;j>=1;j--){ if(f&&j%i==0&&tmp.size()>(j/i)&&tmp[j/i]){ tmp.resize(j+1); break; } } for(int j=tmp.size()-1;j>=1;j--){ if(j%i==0) tmp[j] = tmp[j/i]; else tmp[j] = 0; } ret_big *= tmp; if(ret_big.size()>m) ret_big.resize(m); } return ret_big; } */ /* //1 ± x^a_i を大量に掛ける template StaticModFPS multiply_binomial_one(const vector> &v, ll m){ using fps = StaticModFPS; vector pl(m, 0), mi(m, 0); for(int i=0;i inv(m+1); inv[0] = inv[1] = 1; for(ll i=2;i<=m;i++){ ll u = MOD - (MOD/i); inv[i] = (u*inv[MOD%i])%MOD; } fps ret(m, 0); for(ll i=1;i=MOD) ret[i*j] -= MOD; j++; } } return ret.exp(m); } */ template mint _kth_coefficient(long long k, formal_power_series &p, formal_power_series &q){ using fps = formal_power_series; if(k <= 100000) return (p.prefix(k + 1) * q.inv(k + 1))[k]; int n = p.deg_fix() + 1, m = q.deg_fix() + 1; fps _q(m, 0); for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) _q[i] = i & 1 ? -q[i] : q[i]; // p *= _q // q *= _q // pとqがほとんど同じサイズである場合は早い int N = std::max(n, m), M = _q.size(); int z = 1 << ceil_pow2(N + M - 1); p.resize(z), q.resize(z), _q.resize(z); butterfly(p), butterfly(q), butterfly(_q); mint iz = mint(z).inv(); for(int i = 0; i < z; i++){ p[i] *= _q[i]; q[i] *= _q[i]; } butterfly_inv(p), butterfly_inv(q); p.resize(n + M - 1), q.resize(m + M - 1); // n = p.size(), m = q.size(); for(int i = k & 1; i < n; i += 2) p[i / 2] = p[i] * iz; for(int i = 0; i < m; i += 2) q[i / 2] = q[i] * iz; p.resize((n + 1) / 2); q.resize((m + 1) / 2); return _kth_coefficient(k / 2, p, q); } template mint kth_coefficient(long long k, formal_power_series p, formal_power_series q){ return _kth_coefficient(k, p, q); } // _a := 初期値, a[0, d) // c := (a[i] = ∑{0 <= j < d} a[i - 1 - j] * c[j]を満たす) // 0-indexed template mint kth_term_of_linear_reccurrence(long long k, const std::vector &_a, const std::vector &c){ using fps = formal_power_series; int d = c.size(); assert(_a.size() == d); if(k < d) return _a[k]; fps Q(d + 1); Q[0] = 1; for(int i = 0; i < d; i++) Q[i + 1] = -c[i]; fps P = Q * fps(_a); P.resize(d); return kth_coefficient(k, P, Q); } #line 1 ".lib/data_structure/range_query/mo_algorithm.hpp" #line 1 ".lib/misc/random_number.hpp" #line 5 ".lib/misc/random_number.hpp" unsigned long long random_once(){ static std::random_device seed_gen; static std::mt19937_64 engine(seed_gen()); static unsigned long long ret = engine(); return ret; } unsigned long long random_number(){ static std::random_device seed_gen; static std::mt19937_64 engine(seed_gen()); return engine(); } // [low, high] unsigned long long random_number(unsigned long long low, unsigned long long high){ static std::random_device seed_gen; static std::mt19937_64 engine(seed_gen()); assert(high >= low); unsigned long long diff = high - low + 1; return engine() % diff + low; } #line 5 ".lib/data_structure/range_query/mo_algorithm.hpp" #include template struct mo_algorithm{ private: struct query{ int i, b, l, r, label; query(int i, int b, int l, int r, int label) : i(i), b(b), l(l), r(r), label(label){} }; std::vector q; const int block_size, random_shift; int pq, pl, pr; mo_struct &_st; void build(){ std::sort(q.begin(), q.end(), [](query &a, query &b){ if(a.b != b.b) return a.b < b.b; return a.b & 1 ? a.r > b.r : a.r < b.r; }); } public: mo_algorithm(int n, mo_struct &_st) : block_size(round(sqrt(n))), random_shift(0 % block_size), pq(0), pl(0), pr(0), _st(_st){} inline int insert(int l, int r, int label = -1){ int qsz = q.size(); q.emplace_back(query(qsz, (l + random_shift) / block_size, l, r, label)); return qsz; } // すでに全てのクエリを処理し終わっている場合は{-1, -1} // 今見ているクエリが追加された順番, ラベルを返す inline std::pair process(){ if(pq == 0) build(); if(pq == q.size()) return {-1, -1}; query &qi = q[pq]; while(pl > qi.l) _st.add_left(--pl); while(pr < qi.r) _st.add_right(pr++); while(pl < qi.l) _st.del_left(pl++); while(pr > qi.r) _st.del_right(--pr); pq++; return {qi.i, qi.label}; } // [l, r)が欲しい場合 inline std::pair process2(){ if(pq == 0) build(); if(pq == q.size()) return {-1, -1}; query &qi = q[pq]; while(pl > qi.l) _st.add_left(--pl, pr); while(pr < qi.r) _st.add_right(pl, pr++); while(pl < qi.l) _st.del_left(pl++, pr); while(pr > qi.r) _st.del_right(pl, --pr); pq++; return {qi.i, qi.label}; } }; /* struct range_inversion{ binary_indexed_tree b; std::vector a; int n; long long sum = 0; range_inversion(int n): n(n){} void add_left(int i){ sum += b.query(0, a[i]); b.update(a[i], 1); } void del_left(int i){ sum -= b.query(0, a[i]); b.update(a[i], -1); } void add_right(int i){ sum += b.query(a[i] + 1, n); b.update(a[i], 1); } void del_right(int i){ sum -= b.query(a[i] + 1, n); b.update(a[i], -1); } }; */ #line 7 ".lib/math/combinatorics.hpp" // f(i, j) := comb(i, j) * comb(n - i, m - j), {0 <= i <= n, 0 <= j <= m} // h(i, j) := ∑{0 <= k <= j} f(i, j)  <-jについての和  // f(i, j)は(n - m) * mグリッドにおける点(i - j, j)を通る最短経路{左上(0, 0)と右下(n, m)の最短経路}の数 // f(i, j)とf(i, j + 1)は最短経路の数え上げにおいて独立{(i - j, j)と(i - j - 1, j + 1)を両方通ることが不可能} // h(i, j)は(i - k, k) {0 <= k <= i}を通る場合の数(ナナメ)である // 遷移 // h(i, j + 1) = h(i, j) + f(i, j + 1) // h(i, j - 1) = h(i, j) - f(i, j) // h(i, j) -> h(i + 1, j) : 点(i - j, j)および点(i - j, j + 1)を通る最短経路の数を引く -comb(i, j) * comb(n - i, m - j) // h(i, j) -> h(i - 1, j) : 点(i - j - 1, j)および点(i - j - 1, j + 1)を通る最短経路の数を足す +comb(i - 1, j) * comb(n - i + 1, m - j) /* #を通る最短経路の数 h(3, 1) s.......... ........... .#......... #.........t h(3, 1)の言い換え s.......... ........... ##......... ..........t s.......... ........... .#......... .#........t */ template struct diagonal_path_sum_struct{ int n, m; modcomb mcb; // f(0, 0) = comb(n, m) mint x; diagonal_path_sum_struct(int n, int m): n(n), m(m), mcb(n + 1), x(mcb.comb(n, m)){} void add_left(int l, int r){ x -= mcb.comb(r - 1, l + 1) * mcb.comb(n - r + 1, m - l - 1); } void add_right(int l, int r){ r--; x -= mcb.comb(r, l) * mcb.comb(n - r - 1, m - l - 1); } void del_left(int l, int r){ x += mcb.comb(r - 1, l + 1) * mcb.comb(n - r + 1, m - l - 1); } void del_right(int l, int r){ r--; x += mcb.comb(r, l) * mcb.comb(n - r - 1, m - l - 1); } }; template std::vector diagonal_path_sum(int n, int m, std::vector> Q){ diagonal_path_sum_struct dp(n, m); mo_algorithm mo(n + 1, dp); int q = Q.size(); std::vector ans(q); for(int i = 0; i < q; i++) mo.insert(Q[i].first, Q[i].second + 1); for(int i = 0; i < q; i++) ans[mo.process2().first] = dp.x; return ans; } /* // f(i, j) = ∑{0 <= k <= j} nCi * (n - i)Ck // n個のものを{i, j, n - i - j}の3つに分ける場合の数のjに関する和 // f(i, j) = nCi * (n - i + 1)C(j + 1) template mint split_3_row(int n, int i, int j){ static modcomb mcb; mcb.recalc(n + 1); return mcb.comb(n, i) * mcb.comb(n - i + 1, j + 1); } */ // f(i, j) = iCj + iC(j - 2) + iC(j - 4) .... template struct stripe_sum_struct{ modcomb mcb; mint i2; // f(0, 0) = 1 mint x, y, tmp; stripe_sum_struct(): i2(mint(2).inv()), x(1), y(0){} void add_left(int l, int r){ tmp = x - mcb.comb(r - 1, l + 1); x = y; y = tmp; } void del_left(int l, int r){ tmp = y + mcb.comb(r - 1, l + 1); y = x; x = tmp; } void add_right(int l, int r){ tmp = x + y; // ∑{0 <= k <= j}iCk x = tmp; y = tmp - mcb.comb(r, l); } void del_right(int l, int r){ r--; tmp = x + y; // ∑{0 <= k <= j}iCk tmp = (tmp + mcb.comb(r, l)) * i2; // ∑{0 <= k <= j}(i - 1)Ck tmp = (tmp + mcb.comb(r - 1, l)) * i2; // ∑{0 <= k <= j}(i - 2)Ck x = tmp; y = tmp - mcb.comb(r, l); } }; template std::vector stripe_sum(std::vector> Q){ int max_n = 0; for(auto [i, j] : Q) max_n = std::max(max_n, i); // nCrの最大のn stripe_sum_struct st; st.mcb.recalc(max_n + 1); mo_algorithm mo(max_n + 1, st); int q = Q.size(); std::vector ans(q); for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ if(Q[i].first < Q[i].second) Q[i].second = Q[i].first; mo.insert(Q[i].second, Q[i].first + 1); } for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ auto [idx, id] = mo.process2(); ans[idx] = st.x; } return ans; } // f(i, j) := ∑{0 <= k <= j} comb(i, k) // パスカルの三角形におけるi行目[0, j]列目の和 // 遷移 // f(i, j + 1) = f(i, j) + comb(i, j + 1)を足す // f(i, j - 1) = f(i, j) - comb(i, j)を引く // f(i + 1, j) = f(i, j) + f(i, j - 1) // = 2 * f(i, j) - comb(i, j) = f(i + 1, j) // f(i, j) -> f(i - 1, j)も同様 template struct pascal_sum_row_struct{ modcomb mcb; mint i2 = mint(2).inv(); mint x = i2; pascal_sum_row_struct(){} void add_left(int l, int r){ x -= mcb.comb(r - 1, l + 1); } void del_left(int l, int r){ x += mcb.comb(r - 1, l + 1); } void add_right(int l, int r){ r--; x = 2 * x - mcb.comb(r, l); } void del_right(int l, int r){ r--; x = (x + mcb.comb(r, l)) * i2; } }; /* i < jの場合i = jにする 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 4 6 4 1 */ template std::vector pascal_sum_row(std::vector> Q){ int max_n = 0; for(auto [i, j] : Q) max_n = std::max(max_n, i); // nCrの最大のn pascal_sum_row_struct pas; pas.mcb.recalc(max_n + 1); mo_algorithm mo(max_n + 1, pas); int q = Q.size(); std::vector ans(q); for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ if(Q[i].first < Q[i].second) Q[i].second = Q[i].first; mo.insert(Q[i].second, Q[i].first + 1); } for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ auto [idx, id] = mo.process2(); ans[idx] = pas.x; } return ans; } // 等差数列の重み付き // g(i, j) := ∑{0 <= k <= j} (ak + b) * comb(i, k) // 遷移 // g(i, j) -> g(i, j + 1): (a(j + 1) + b) * comb(i, j + 1)を足す // g(i, j) -> g(i, j - 1): (aj + b) * comb(i, j)を引く // g(i, j) -> g(i + 1, j): // 各項(ak + b) * comb(i + 1, k) // = (ak + b) * (comb(i, k) + comb(i, k - 1)) // = (ak + b) * comb(i, k) + (a(k - 1) + b) * comb(i, k - 1) + a * comb(i, k - 1) // より // g(i + 1, j) = g(i, j) + g(i, j - 1) + a * f(i, j - 1) // = 2 * g(i, j) - (aj + b) * comb(i, j) + a * f(i, j) - a * comb(i, j) // = 2 * g(i, j) + a * f(i, j) - (aj + a + b) * comb(i, j) // fはpascal_sum_row, fとgを同時に計算する // g(i - 1, j) = (g(i, j) - a * f(i - 1, j) + (aj + a + b) * comb(i - 1, j)) / 2 template struct pascal_sum_row_arithmetic_struct{ modcomb mcb; mint i2 = mint(2).inv(); // [0, 1)が合うように初期値を設定 // f(0, 0) = 1 // g(0, 0) = b mint a, b, g, f = i2; pascal_sum_row_arithmetic_struct(mint _a, mint _b): a(_a), b(_b), g(b * i2 - a * i2 * i2){} void add_left(int l, int r){ l++; g -= (a * l + b) * mcb.comb(r - 1, l); f -= mcb.comb(r - 1, l); } void del_left(int l, int r){ l++; g += (a * l + b) * mcb.comb(r - 1, l); f += mcb.comb(r - 1, l); } void add_right(int l, int r){ r--; g = 2 * g + a * f - (a * l + a + b) * mcb.comb(r, l); f = 2 * f - mcb.comb(r, l); } void del_right(int l, int r){ r--; f = (f + mcb.comb(r, l)) * i2; g = (g - a * f + (a * l + a + b) * mcb.comb(r - 1, l)) * i2; } }; template std::vector pascal_sum_row_arithmetic_weighted(mint a, mint b, std::vector> Q){ int max_n = 0; for(auto [i, j] : Q) max_n = std::max(max_n, i); // nCrの最大のn pascal_sum_row_arithmetic_struct pas(a, b); pas.mcb.recalc(max_n + 1); mo_algorithm mo(max_n + 1, pas); int q = Q.size(); std::vector ans(q); for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ if(Q[i].first < Q[i].second) Q[i].second = Q[i].first; mo.insert(Q[i].second, Q[i].first + 1); } for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ auto [idx, id] = mo.process2(); ans[idx] = pas.g; } return ans; } // 等比級数の重み付き // f(i, j) := ∑{0 <= k <= j} ab^k * comb(i, k) // 遷移 // f(i, j) -> f(i, j + 1): ab^(j + 1) * comb(i, j + 1) を足す // f(i, j) -> f(i, j - 1): ab^j * comb(i, j)を引く // f(i, j) -> f(i + 1, j) // f(i + 1, j) = f(i, j) + b * f(i, j - 1) // = (1 + b) * f(i, j) - b * ab^j * comb(i, j) // // f(i - 1, j) = (f(i, j) + b * ab^j * comb(i - 1, j)) / (1 + b) template struct pascal_sum_row_geometric_struct{ modcomb mcb; // [0, 1)が合うように初期値を設定 // f(0, 0) = a const mint a, b, binv, b_plus_oneinv; mint a_b_pow_l, f; pascal_sum_row_geometric_struct(mint _a, mint _b): a(_a), b(_b), binv(b.inv()), b_plus_oneinv((b + 1).inv()), a_b_pow_l(a), f(a * b_plus_oneinv){} void add_left(int l, int r){ l++; f -= a_b_pow_l * mcb.comb(r - 1, l); a_b_pow_l *= binv; } void del_left(int l, int r){ l++; a_b_pow_l *= b; f += a_b_pow_l * mcb.comb(r - 1, l); } void add_right(int l, int r){ r--; f = (1 + b) * f - b * a_b_pow_l * mcb.comb(r, l); } void del_right(int l, int r){ r--; f = (f + b * a_b_pow_l * mcb.comb(r - 1, l)) * b_plus_oneinv; } }; template std::vector pascal_sum_row_geometric_weighted(mint a, mint b, std::vector> Q){ int max_n = 0; for(auto [i, j] : Q) max_n = std::max(max_n, i); // nCrの最大のn pascal_sum_row_geometric_struct pas(a, b); pas.mcb.recalc(max_n + 1); mo_algorithm mo(max_n + 1, pas); int q = Q.size(); std::vector ans(q); for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ if(Q[i].first < Q[i].second) Q[i].second = Q[i].first; mo.insert(Q[i].second, Q[i].first + 1); } for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ auto [idx, id] = mo.process2(); ans[idx] = pas.f; } return ans; } // f(i, j) := ∑{0 <= k <= i} comb(k, j) // パスカルの三角形における[0, i]行目j列目の和 // f(i, j) = comb(i + 1, j + 1) // comb(i + 1, j + 1) = comb(i, j) + comb(i, j + 1) // = comb(i, j) + comb(i - 1, j) + comb(i - 1, j + 1) // ... // = f(i, j) template mint pascal_sum_column(int i, int j){ static modcomb mcb; mcb.recalc(i + 1); return mcb.comb(i + 1, j + 1); } // f(i, j) := ∑{0 <= k <= i} (ak + b) * comb(k, j) // ガリガリ計算するとこの式になる template mint pascal_sum_column_arithmetic_weighted(mint a, mint b, int i, int j){ static modcomb mcb; mcb.recalc(i + 1); return (a * i + b) * mcb.comb(i + 1, j + 1) - a * mcb.comb(i + 1, j + 2); } // ガリガリ計算すると // f(i, j + 1) = (b * f(i, j) - a * b^(i + 1) * comb(i + 1, j + 1)) / (1 - b) // f(i, j - 1) = ((1 - b) * f(i, j) + a * b ^ (i + 1) * comb(i + 1, j)) / b // になる. moじゃなくてもできそうな気がする /* template mint pascal_sum_column_geometric_weighted(mint a, mint b, int i, int j){ } */ // f(i, j) = ∑{0 <= k <= i}∑{0 <= l <= j} comb(k, l) // 遷移 // f(i, j) = ∑{1 <= k <= j + 1} comb(i + 1, k) // O(N√Q) template std::vector pascal_sum(std::vector> Q){ int q = Q.size(); for(int i = 0; i < q; i++){ Q[i].first++; Q[i].second++; } auto res = pascal_sum_row(Q); for(int i = 0; i < q; i++) res[i] -= 1; return res; } template mint factorial_mod_large(long long n){ if(n >= mint::mod()) return 0; if(!n) return 1; using fps = formal_power_series; static constexpr int block_size = round(sqrt(mint::mod())), block_n = mint::mod() / block_size; static std::vector x, fx; // init O(k * log^2 k), k = max(block_size, mod / block_size) // O(√mod * log^2 mod) if block_size = block_n = √mod if(fx.empty()){ x.resize(block_n); for(int i = 0; i < block_n; i++) x[i] = (i + 1) * block_size; std::vector tmp(block_size); for(int i = 0; i < block_size; i++) tmp[i] = {-i, 1}; fps f = multiply_constant_degree(tmp); // x(x - 1)...(x - block_size + 1) fx = multipoint_evaluation(f, x); for(int i = 1; i < block_n; i++) fx[i] *= fx[i - 1]; } // O(block_size) auto restore_fact = [](long long a)->mint{ int b = a / block_size; mint res = (!b ? 1 : fx[b - 1]); for(long long i = (long long)b * block_size + 1; i <= a; i++) res *= i; return res; }; return restore_fact(n); } template mint combination_mod_large(long long n, long long k){ if(n < 0 || k < 0 || n < k) return 0; if(n == k || k == 0) return 1; // [1] // comb(n, k) = (n * n - 1 .... n - k + 1) / k ! // n - k + 1 > k となるように変形(nCk = nC(n - k))したとき, 分子がmod上で0を跨いでいるなら0 k = std::min(k, n - k); long long numerator_min = n - k + 1; if(numerator_min % mint::mod() == 0 || (n / mint::mod() != numerator_min / mint::mod())) return 0; // [1]より1 <= k < mod かつ nPk ≡ (n%mod)Pk assert(1 <= k && k < mint::mod()); n %= mint::mod(); return factorial_mod_large(n) * (factorial_mod_large(k) * factorial_mod_large(n - k)).inv(); } template mint permutation_mod_large(long long n, long long k){ if(n < 0 || k < 0 || n < k) return 0; if(k == 0) return 1; // [1] // perm(n, k) = n * n - 1 .... n - k + 1 // mod上で0を跨いでいるなら0 long long numerator_min = n - k + 1; if(numerator_min % mint::mod() == 0 || (n / mint::mod() != numerator_min / mint::mod())) return 0; // [1]より1 <= k < mod かつ nPk ≡ (n%mod)Pk assert(1 <= k && k < mint::mod()); n %= mint::mod(); return factorial_mod_large(n) / factorial_mod_large(n - k); } template formal_power_series stirling_number_first_kind(int n){ if(!n) return {1}; std::vector> f(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) f[i] = {-i, 1}; return multiply_constant_degree(f); } struct four_square_theorem{ int n; std::vector A; std::vector sz; // 0 <= i < Nについて以下のテーブルを作る // sum(A) = iを満たしlen(A)が最小(常に4つ以下になる) // O(N√N) // N = 10^6で1sec程度 void init(int _n){ n = _n; A.resize(n, -1); sz.resize(n, 5); sz[0] = 0; for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){ for(int j = 1; j * j <= i; j++){ if(sz[i - j * j] + 1 < sz[i]){ A[i] = j; sz[i] = sz[i - j * j] + 1; } } } } four_square_theorem(int _n){ init(_n); } // x = ∑A[i]^2 を満たす要素数最小のA(高々4つ) std::vector get_square(int x){ assert(n); assert(0 <= x && x < n); std::vector ret; while(x){ int y = A[x]; ret.push_back(y); x -= y * y; } return ret; } // x = ∑A[i]^2 を満たすA(要素数最小とは限らない, N = 10^5, x < 10^18なら高々6要素になる) // @param x <= 10^18 std::vector get_square_large(unsigned long long x){ std::vector ret; while(n <= x){ unsigned long long y = sqrtl(x); ret.push_back(y); x -= y * y; } while(x){ int y = A[x]; ret.push_back(y); x -= y * y; } return ret; } // x = ∑ A[i] * (A[i] + 1) / 2 を満たすA(3つ以下) std::vector get_trianglar(int x){ auto v = get_square(8 * x + 3); assert(v.size() == 3); std::vector ret; for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) if(v[i] != 1) ret.push_back(v[i] / 2); return ret; } // x = ∑ A[i] * (A[i] + 1) / 2 を満たすA(要素数最小とは限らない, N = 10^5, x < 10^18なら高々5要素になる) // @param x <= 10^18 std::vector get_trianglar_large(unsigned long long x){ std::vector ret; while(n <= 8 * x + 3){ unsigned long long y = sqrtl(2 * x); while(y * (y + 1) > 2 * x) y--; ret.push_back(y); x -= (y & 1 ? y * ((y >> 1) + 1) : (y >> 1) * (y + 1)); } auto v = get_square(8 * x + 3); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) if(v[i] != 1) ret.push_back(v[i] / 2); return ret; } }; // ピタゴラス数について // a^2 + b^2 = c^3を満たす自然数の組(a, b, c)をピタゴラス数と呼ぶ // bが偶数, a, cが奇数でなければならない // 自然数x, y(x > y)を用いて(a, b, c) = (x^2 - y^2, 2xy, x^2 + y^2)を表すことができる  #line 3 "b.cpp" using mint = modint1000000007; int main(){ io_init(); ll n; std::cin >> n; if(n >= mint::mod()){ std::cout << 0 << '\n'; return 0; } mint ans = factorial_mod_large(n); std::cout << ans << '\n'; }