// author: hotman78 // date: 2023/10/12-15:50:36 // --- begin raw code ----------------- // #include"cpplib/util/template.hpp" // #include"cpplib/math/ACL_modint.hpp" // // vector> combtb; // void init(int n){ // combtb=vector>(n + 1, vector(n + 1, 1)); // rep(i, 1, n + 1) { // rep(j, 1, i) { // combtb[i][j] = combtb[i - 1][j] + combtb[i - 1][j - 1]; // } // } // } // // vector convolution(vectora, vectorb){ // vectorres(a.size()+b.size()-1); // rep(i,0,a.size())rep(j,0,b.size()){ // res[i+j]+=a[i]*b[j]*combtb[i+j][i]; // } // return res; // } // // #include"cpplib/math/poly.hpp" // // int main(){ // lint n,p; // cin>>n>>p; // mint::set_mod(p); // init(n*3); // if (n == p) { // if (p == 2) { // cout << 1 << endl; // return 0; // } else { // cout << 0 << endl; // return 0; // } // } // vectora(n+1),b(n+1); // rep(i,1,n+1)a[i]=(i==1?mint(1):mint(i).pow(i-2))*fact_inv(i); // rep(i,1,n+1)b[i]=(i==1?mint(1):mint(i).pow(i-1)); // auto ans=composition(a,b); // cout< using namespace std; #line 1 "cpplib/util/ioutil.hpp" // template // std::ostream& output(std::ostream& out,const Head& head,const Args&... args){ // out>>head; // return output(head,args...); // } // template // std::ostream& output(std::ostream& out,const Head& head){ // out>>head; // return out; // } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, std::pair v) { out << "(" << v.first << "," << v.second << ")"; return out; } // template // ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,std::tuplev){ // std::apply(output,v); // return out; // } #line 11 "cpplib/util/template.hpp" struct __INIT__ { __INIT__() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(15); } } __INIT__; typedef long long lint; constexpr long long INF = 1LL << 60; constexpr int IINF = 1 << 30; constexpr double EPS = 1e-10; #ifndef REACTIVE #define endl '\n'; #endif typedef vector vec; typedef vector> mat; typedef vector>> mat3; typedef vector svec; typedef vector> smat; template using V = vector; template using VV = V>; template inline void output(T t) { bool f = 0; for (auto i : t) { cout << (f ? " " : "") << i; f = 1; } cout << endl; } template inline void output2(T t) { for (auto i : t) output(i); } template inline void debug(T t) { bool f = 0; for (auto i : t) { cerr << (f ? " " : "") << i; f = 1; } cerr << endl; } template inline void debug2(T t) { for (auto i : t) debug(i); } #define loop(n) for (long long _ = 0; _ < (long long)(n); ++_) #define _overload4(_1, _2, _3, _4, name, ...) name #define __rep(i, a) repi(i, 0, a, 1) #define _rep(i, a, b) repi(i, a, b, 1) #define repi(i, a, b, c) \ for (long long i = (long long)(a); i < (long long)(b); i += c) #define rep(...) _overload4(__VA_ARGS__, repi, _rep, __rep)(__VA_ARGS__) #define _overload3_rev(_1, _2, _3, name, ...) name #define _rep_rev(i, a) repi_rev(i, 0, a) #define repi_rev(i, a, b) \ for (long long i = (long long)(b)-1; i >= (long long)(a); --i) #define rrep(...) _overload3_rev(__VA_ARGS__, repi_rev, _rep_rev)(__VA_ARGS__) #define all(n) begin(n), end(n) template bool chmin(T &s, const E &t) { bool res = s > t; s = min(s, t); return res; } template bool chmax(T &s, const E &t) { bool res = s < t; s = max(s, t); return res; } const vector dx = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1}; const vector dy = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1}; #define SUM(v) accumulate(all(v), 0LL) #if __cplusplus >= 201703L template auto make_vector(T x, int arg, Args... args) { if constexpr (sizeof...(args) == 0) return vector(arg, x); else return vector(arg, make_vector(x, args...)); } #endif #define extrep(v, ...) for (auto v : __MAKE_MAT__({__VA_ARGS__})) #define bit(n, a) ((n >> a) & 1) vector> __MAKE_MAT__(vector v) { if (v.empty()) return vector>(1, vector()); long long n = v.back(); v.pop_back(); vector> ret; vector> tmp = __MAKE_MAT__(v); for (auto e : tmp) for (long long i = 0; i < n; ++i) { ret.push_back(e); ret.back().push_back(i); } return ret; } using graph = vector>; template using graph_w = vector>>; #if __cplusplus >= 201703L constexpr inline long long powll(long long a, long long b) { long long res = 1; while (b--) res *= a; return res; } #endif template pair &operator+=(pair &s, const pair &t) { s.first += t.first; s.second += t.second; return s; } template pair &operator-=(pair &s, const pair &t) { s.first -= t.first; s.second -= t.second; return s; } template pair operator+(const pair &s, const pair &t) { auto res = s; return res += t; } template pair operator-(const pair &s, const pair &t) { auto res = s; return res -= t; } #define BEGIN_STACK_EXTEND(size) \ void *stack_extend_memory_ = malloc(size); \ void *stack_extend_origin_memory_; \ char *stack_extend_dummy_memory_ = (char *)alloca( \ (1 + (int)(((long long)stack_extend_memory_) & 127)) * 16); \ *stack_extend_dummy_memory_ = 0; \ asm volatile("mov %%rsp, %%rbx\nmov %%rax, %%rsp" \ : "=b"(stack_extend_origin_memory_) \ : "a"((char *)stack_extend_memory_ + (size)-1024)); #define END_STACK_EXTEND \ asm volatile("mov %%rax, %%rsp" ::"a"(stack_extend_origin_memory_)); \ free(stack_extend_memory_); int floor_pow(int n) { return n ? 31 - __builtin_clz(n) : 0; } #line 2 "cpplib/math/ACL_modint.hpp" #include #include #include #ifdef _MSC_VER #include #endif #include #ifdef _MSC_VER #include #endif namespace atcoder { namespace internal { constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) { x %= m; if (x < 0) x += m; return x; } struct barrett { unsigned int _m; unsigned long long im; explicit barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1) {} unsigned int umod() const { return _m; } unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b) const { unsigned long long z = a; z *= b; #ifdef _MSC_VER unsigned long long x; _umul128(z, im, &x); #else unsigned long long x = (unsigned long long)(((unsigned __int128)(z)*im) >> 64); #endif unsigned long long y = x * _m; return (unsigned int)(z - y + (z < y ? _m : 0)); } }; constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m) { if (m == 1) return 0; unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m); unsigned long long r = 1; unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m); while (n) { if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m; y = (y * y) % _m; n >>= 1; } return r; } constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) { if (n <= 1) return false; if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true; if (n % 2 == 0) return false; long long d = n - 1; while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2; constexpr long long bases[3] = {2, 7, 61}; for (long long a : bases) { long long t = d; long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n); while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) { y = y * y % n; t <<= 1; } if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) { return false; } } return true; } template constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n); constexpr std::pair inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) { a = safe_mod(a, b); if (a == 0) return {b, 0}; long long s = b, t = a; long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t) { long long u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; // |m1 * u| <= |m1| * s <= b auto tmp = s; s = t; t = tmp; tmp = m0; m0 = m1; m1 = tmp; } if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s; return {s, m0}; } constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) { if (m == 2) return 1; if (m == 167772161) return 3; if (m == 469762049) return 3; if (m == 754974721) return 11; if (m == 998244353) return 3; int divs[20] = {}; divs[0] = 2; int cnt = 1; int x = (m - 1) / 2; while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2; for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) { if (x % i == 0) { divs[cnt++] = i; while (x % i == 0) { x /= i; } } } if (x > 1) { divs[cnt++] = x; } for (int g = 2;; g++) { bool ok = true; for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) { if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) { ok = false; break; } } if (ok) return g; } } template constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m); unsigned long long floor_sum_unsigned(unsigned long long n, unsigned long long m, unsigned long long a, unsigned long long b) { unsigned long long ans = 0; while (true) { if (a >= m) { ans += n * (n - 1) / 2 * (a / m); a %= m; } if (b >= m) { ans += n * (b / m); b %= m; } unsigned long long y_max = a * n + b; if (y_max < m) break; n = (unsigned long long)(y_max / m); b = (unsigned long long)(y_max % m); std::swap(m, a); } return ans; } } // namespace internal } // namespace atcoder #include #include #include namespace atcoder { namespace internal { #ifndef _MSC_VER template using is_signed_int128 = typename std::conditional::value || std::is_same::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_unsigned_int128 = typename std::conditional::value || std::is_same::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using make_unsigned_int128 = typename std::conditional::value, __uint128_t, unsigned __int128>; template using is_integral = typename std::conditional::value || is_signed_int128::value || is_unsigned_int128::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral::value && std::is_signed::value) || is_signed_int128::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_unsigned_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral::value && std::is_unsigned::value) || is_unsigned_int128::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional< is_signed_int128::value, make_unsigned_int128, typename std::conditional::value, std::make_unsigned, std::common_type>::type>::type; #else template using is_integral = typename std::is_integral; template using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional::value && std::is_signed::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_unsigned_int = typename std::conditional::value && std::is_unsigned::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional::value, std::make_unsigned, std::common_type>::type; #endif template using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned::type; } // namespace internal } // namespace atcoder namespace atcoder { namespace internal { struct modint_base {}; struct static_modint_base : modint_base {}; template using is_modint = std::is_base_of; template using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; } // namespace internal template * = nullptr> struct static_modint : internal::static_modint_base { using mint = static_modint; public: static constexpr int mod() { return m; } static mint raw(int v) { mint x; x._v = v; return x; } static_modint() : _v(0) {} template * = nullptr> static_modint(T v) { long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod())); if (x < 0) x += umod(); _v = (unsigned int)(x); } template * = nullptr> static_modint(T v) { _v = (unsigned int)(v % umod()); } unsigned int val() const { return _v; } mint &operator++() { _v++; if (_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint &operator--() { if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint &operator+=(const mint &rhs) { _v += rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint &operator-=(const mint &rhs) { _v -= rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod(); return *this; } mint &operator*=(const mint &rhs) { unsigned long long z = _v; z *= rhs._v; _v = (unsigned int)(z % umod()); return *this; } mint &operator/=(const mint &rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } mint operator+() const { return *this; } mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } mint pow(long long n) const { assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while (n) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } mint inv() const { if (prime) { assert(_v); return pow(umod() - 2); } else { auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, m); assert(eg.first == 1); return eg.second; } } friend mint operator+(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; } friend mint operator-(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend mint operator*(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend mint operator/(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend bool operator==(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return lhs._v == rhs._v; } friend bool operator!=(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return lhs._v != rhs._v; } private: unsigned int _v; static constexpr unsigned int umod() { return m; } static constexpr bool prime = internal::is_prime; }; template struct dynamic_modint : internal::modint_base { using mint = dynamic_modint; public: static int mod() { return (int)(bt.umod()); } static void set_mod(int m) { assert(1 <= m); bt = internal::barrett(m); } static mint raw(int v) { mint x; x._v = v; return x; } dynamic_modint() : _v(0) {} template * = nullptr> dynamic_modint(T v) { long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(mod())); if (x < 0) x += mod(); _v = (unsigned int)(x); } template * = nullptr> dynamic_modint(T v) { _v = (unsigned int)(v % mod()); } unsigned int val() const { return _v; } mint &operator++() { _v++; if (_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint &operator--() { if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint &operator+=(const mint &rhs) { _v += rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint &operator-=(const mint &rhs) { _v += mod() - rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint &operator*=(const mint &rhs) { _v = bt.mul(_v, rhs._v); return *this; } mint &operator/=(const mint &rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } mint operator+() const { return *this; } mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } mint pow(long long n) const { assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while (n) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } mint inv() const { auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, mod()); assert(eg.first == 1); return eg.second; } friend mint operator+(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; } friend mint operator-(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend mint operator*(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend mint operator/(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend bool operator==(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return lhs._v == rhs._v; } friend bool operator!=(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return lhs._v != rhs._v; } private: unsigned int _v; static internal::barrett bt; static unsigned int umod() { return bt.umod(); } }; template internal::barrett dynamic_modint::bt(998244353); using modint998244353 = static_modint<998244353>; using modint1000000007 = static_modint<1000000007>; using modint = dynamic_modint<-1>; namespace internal { template using is_static_modint = std::is_base_of; template using is_static_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template struct is_dynamic_modint : public std::false_type {}; template struct is_dynamic_modint> : public std::true_type {}; template using is_dynamic_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; } // namespace internal } // namespace atcoder using mint = atcoder::modint; #line 4 "cpplib/math/ACL_modint_base.hpp" std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &lhs, const mint &rhs) noexcept { lhs << rhs.val(); return lhs; } std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &lhs, mint &rhs) noexcept { long long x; lhs >> x; rhs = x; return lhs; } int MOD_NOW = -1; int FACT_TABLE_SIZE = 0; std::vector fact_table, fact_inv_table; void update(int x) { if (MOD_NOW != mint::mod() || FACT_TABLE_SIZE == 0) { fact_table.assign(1, 1); fact_inv_table.assign(1, 1); FACT_TABLE_SIZE = 1; MOD_NOW = mint::mod(); } while (FACT_TABLE_SIZE <= x) { fact_table.resize(FACT_TABLE_SIZE * 2); fact_inv_table.resize(FACT_TABLE_SIZE * 2); for (int i = FACT_TABLE_SIZE; i < FACT_TABLE_SIZE * 2; ++i) { fact_table[i] = fact_table[i - 1] * i; } fact_inv_table[FACT_TABLE_SIZE * 2 - 1] = fact_table[FACT_TABLE_SIZE * 2 - 1].inv(); for (int i = FACT_TABLE_SIZE * 2 - 2; i >= FACT_TABLE_SIZE; --i) { fact_inv_table[i] = fact_inv_table[i + 1] * (i + 1); } FACT_TABLE_SIZE *= 2; } } inline mint fact(int x) { assert(x >= 0); update(x); return fact_table[x]; } inline mint fact_inv(int x) { assert(x >= 0); update(x); return fact_inv_table[x]; } inline mint comb(int x, int y) { if (x < 0 || x < y || y < 0) return 0; return fact(x) * fact_inv(y) * fact_inv(x - y); } inline mint perm(int x, int y) { return fact(x) * fact_inv(x - y); } // x個のグループにy個のものを分ける場合の数 inline mint multi_comb(int x, int y) { if (y == 0 && x >= 0) return 1; if (y < 0 || x <= 0) return 0; return comb(x + y - 1, y); } #line 3 "main.cpp" vector> combtb; void init(int n) { combtb = vector>(n + 1, vector(n + 1, 1)); rep(i, 1, n + 1) { rep(j, 1, i) { combtb[i][j] = combtb[i - 1][j] + combtb[i - 1][j - 1]; } } } vector convolution(vector a, vector b) { vector res(a.size() + b.size() - 1); rep(i, 0, a.size()) rep(j, 0, b.size()) { res[i + j] += a[i] * b[j] * combtb[i + j][i]; } return res; } #line 2 "cpplib/math/poly.hpp" using poly = vector; int size(const poly &x) { return x.size(); } poly shrink(poly x) { while (size(x) >= 1 && x.back().val() == 0) x.pop_back(); return x; } poly pre(const poly &x, int n) { auto res = x; res.resize(n); return res; } poly operator+(const poly &x, const poly &y) { poly res(max(x.size(), y.size())); rep(i, 0, x.size()) res[i] += x[i]; rep(i, 0, y.size()) res[i] += y[i]; return res; } poly &operator*=(poly &x, const mint &y) { rep(i, 0, x.size()) x[i] *= y; return x; } poly operator*(poly x, const mint &y) { return x *= y; } poly operator-(const poly &x) { poly res(x.size()); rep(i, 0, x.size()) res[i] = -x[i]; return res; } poly operator-(const poly &x, const poly &y) { return x + (-y); } // poly operator*(const poly&x,const poly&y){ // return atcoder::convolution(x,y); // } poly operator*(const poly &x, const poly &y) { return convolution(x, y); } poly &operator+=(poly &x, const poly &y) { return x = (x + y); } poly &operator-=(poly &x, const poly &y) { return x = (x - y); } poly &operator*=(poly &x, const poly &y) { return x = (x * y); } istream &operator>>(istream &in, poly &y) { int n = size(y); rep(i, 0, n) in >> y[i]; return in; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const poly &y) { int n = size(y); rep(i, 0, n) { if (i) out << ' '; out << y[i].val(); } return out; } poly diff(const poly &x) { int n = size(x); poly res(n - 1); rep(i, 0, n - 1) res[i] = x[i + 1] * (i + 1); return res; } poly integrate(const poly &x) { int n = size(x); poly res(n + 1); rep(i, 1, n + 1) res[i] = x[i - 1] / i; return res; } poly inv(const poly &x) { int n = size(x); if (n == 1) return poly{x[0].inv()}; auto c = inv(pre(x, (n + 1) / 2)); return pre(c * (poly{2} - c * x), n); } poly log(const poly &x) { int n = size(x); assert(x[0].val() == 1); return pre(integrate(diff(x) * inv(x)), n); } pair divmod(const poly &a, const poly &b) { assert(!b.empty()); if (b.back().val() == 0) return divmod(a, shrink(b)); if (a.empty()) return make_pair(poly{}, poly{}); if (a.back().val() == 0) return divmod(shrink(a), b); int n = max(0, size(a) - size(b) + 1); if (n == 0) return make_pair(poly{}, a); auto c = a; auto d = b; reverse(c.begin(), c.end()); reverse(d.begin(), d.end()); d.resize(n); c *= inv(d); c.resize(n); reverse(c.begin(), c.end()); return make_pair(c, pre(a - c * b, (int)b.size() - 1)); } poly multipoint_evalution(const poly &a, const poly &b) { int n = b.size(); vector v(n * 2); rep(i, 0, n) { v[i + n] = poly{-mint(b[i]), mint(1)}; } for (int i = n - 1; i >= 1; --i) { v[i] = v[i * 2] * v[i * 2 + 1]; } poly ans(n); v[0] = a; rep(i, 1, n * 2) { v[i] = divmod(v[i / 2], v[i]).second; if (i >= n) ans[i - n] = v[i][0]; } return ans; } vector composition(vector f, vector g) { int n = f.size(), m = g.size(); assert(n == m); vector res(n); int b = ceil(sqrt(n)); vector> g_pow(b + 1); g_pow[0] = vector{1}; for (int i = 0; i < b; ++i) { g_pow[i + 1] = g_pow[i] * g; g_pow[i + 1].resize(n); } vector g_pow2 = vector{1}; for (int i = 0; i < n; i += b) { vector tmp; for (int j = i; j < std::min(i + b, n); ++j) { tmp += g_pow[j - i] * f[j]; } res += tmp * g_pow2; res.resize(n); g_pow2 *= g_pow[b]; g_pow2.resize(n); } return res; } #line 23 "main.cpp" int main() { lint n, p; cin >> n >> p; mint::set_mod(p); init(n * 3); if (n == p) { if (p == 2) { cout << 1 << endl; return 0; } else { cout << 0 << endl; return 0; } } vector a(n + 1), b(n + 1); rep(i, 1, n + 1) a[i] = (i == 1 ? mint(1) : mint(i).pow(i - 2)) * fact_inv(i); rep(i, 1, n + 1) b[i] = (i == 1 ? mint(1) : mint(i).pow(i - 1)); auto ans = composition(a, b); cout << ans[n] << endl; }