#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#if __has_include(<atcoder/all>)
#include <atcoder/all>
using namespace atcoder;
template<int mod>istream &operator>>(istream &is,static_modint<mod> &a){long long b;is>>b;a=b;return is;}
istream &operator>>(istream &is,modint &a){long long b;cin>>b;a=b;return is;}
#endif
#ifdef LOCAL
#include "debug.h"
#else
#define debug(...) static_cast<void>(0)
#define debugg(...) static_cast<void>(0)
template<typename T1,typename T2>ostream &operator<<(ostream &os,const pair<T1,T2>&p){os<<p.first<<' '<<p.second;return os;}
#endif
using ll=long long;
using ull=unsigned long long;
using P=pair<ll,ll>;
template<typename T>using minque=priority_queue<T,vector<T>,greater<T>>;
template<typename T>bool chmax(T &a,const T &b){return (a<b?(a=b,true):false);}
template<typename T>bool chmin(T &a,const T &b){return (a>b?(a=b,true):false);}
template<typename T1,typename T2>istream &operator>>(istream &is,pair<T1,T2>&p){is>>p.first>>p.second;return is;}
template<typename T>istream &operator>>(istream &is,vector<T> &a){for(auto &i:a)is>>i;return is;}
template<typename T1,typename T2>void operator++(pair<T1,T2>&a,int n){a.first++,a.second++;}
template<typename T1,typename T2>void operator--(pair<T1,T2>&a,int n){a.first--,a.second--;}
template<typename T>void operator++(vector<T>&a,int n){for(auto &i:a)i++;}
template<typename T>void operator--(vector<T>&a,int n){for(auto &i:a)i--;}
#define reps(i,a,n) for(int i=(a);i<(n);i++)
#define rep(i,n) reps(i,0,n)
#define all(x) x.begin(),x.end()
#define pcnt(x) __builtin_popcount(x)
ll myceil(ll a,ll b){return (a+b-1)/b;}
template<typename T,size_t n,size_t id=0>
auto vec(const int (&d)[n],const T &init=T()){
  if constexpr (id<n)return vector(d[id],vec<T,n,id+1>(d,init));
  else return init;
}
void SOLVE();
int main(){
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(nullptr);
  #ifdef LOCAL
  clock_t start=clock();
  #endif
  int testcase=1;
  cin>>testcase;
  for(int i=0;i<testcase;i++){
    SOLVE();
  }
  #ifdef LOCAL
  cerr<<"time:";
  cerr<<(clock()-start)/1000;
  cerr<<"ms\n";
  #endif
}
using mint=modint998244353;
void SOLVE(){
  int n,m;
  cin>>n>>m;
  swap(n,m);
  vector<mint>dp(3);
  dp[0]=1,dp[1]=m,dp[2]=mint::raw(m)*(m-1)/2-m;
  rep(i,n-1){
    vector<mint>ep(3);
    ep[0]=dp[0]+dp[1]+dp[2];
    ep[1]=dp[0]*m+dp[1]*(m-1)+dp[2]*(m-2);
    ep[2]=dp[0]*(mint::raw(m)*(m-1)/2-m)+dp[1]*(m>=4?mint::raw(m)*(m-1)/2-m-(m-3):mint::raw(0))+dp[2]*(m>=4?mint::raw(m-2)*max(0,m-3)/2-(m-4):mint::raw(0));
    swap(dp,ep);
  }
  cout<<(dp[0]+dp[1]+dp[2]).val()<<endl;
  //a,m-a-2
  //a*(a-1)/2+(m-a-2)*()
}