#include <bits/stdc++.h> #include <atcoder/all> typedef long long int ll; typedef long double ld; using namespace std; using namespace atcoder; #define inf 1010000000 #define llinf 1001000000000000000ll #define pi 3.141592653589793238 #define rep(i, n) for(ll i = 0; i < (n); i++) #define rep1(i, n) for(ll i = 1; i <= (n); i++) #define rep2(i,l,r) for(ll i = (l); i < (r); i++) #define per(i, n) for(ll i = (n)-1; i >= 0; i--) #define each(x, v) for (auto&& x : v) #define rng(a) a.begin(),a.end() #define fi first #define se second #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define pob pop_back #define st string #define pcnt __builtin_popcountll #define bit(n) (1LL<<(n)) template <class T = ll> inline T in(){ T x; cin >> x; return (x);} #define vcin(x,n) {for(ll loop=0; loop<(n); loop++) cin>>x[loop];} #define ret(x) { cout<<(x)<<endl;} #define rets(x) { cout<<(x)<< " ";} #define dame { ret("-1"); return 0;} #define yes { ret("Yes"); return 0;} #define no { ret("No"); return 0;} #define Endl cout<<endl; #define dump(x) { cout << #x << " = " << (x) << endl;} template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false;} template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false;} // 仮マクロ 便利だったら昇格 #define unique(v) v.erase( unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end()) // ここまで仮マクロ // clock()/CLOCKS_PER_SEC 秒数を知りたいときに用いる #define mod 998244353 using mint = modint998244353; /* #define mod 1000000007 using mint = modint1000000007; */ vector<ll> dx={1,0,-1,0}; vector<ll> dy={0,1,0,-1}; using pl = pair<ll,ll>; using ppl = pair<pl,ll>; // G.assign(n, vector<ll>()); グローバル変数にGを置く時に置く // 関数を置くのはここ以下 int main() { cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(20); ll n,m,q; cin >> n >> m >> q; ll a[n]; vcin(a,n); mint b[n]; rep(i,n){ b[i] = a[i]-1; b[i] *= pow_mod(m,n-i-1,mod); } mint c[n+1]; rep1(i,n) c[i] = c[i-1] + b[i-1]; rep(i,q){ ll x,y; cin >> x >> y; x--; mint ans = c[y] - c[x]; ans /= pow_mod(m,n-y,mod); ans+=1; ret(ans.val()) } }