/*               ∧∧∩               ( ゚∀゚)/ キタ━━━━━━(゚∀゚)━━━━━━!!!!             ⊂   ノ  ゆっくり見てってね!!!!!!!!              (つ ノ     o          (ノ      \      ☆              |      o           (⌒ ⌒ヽ   /     ☆     \  (´⌒  ⌒  ⌒ヾ   /       ('⌒ ; ⌒   ::⌒  )      (´     )     ::: ) /   ☆─ (´⌒;:    ::⌒`) :;  ) */ #include #include using namespace std; using namespace atcoder; #define elif else if #define rep(i, s, n) for (int i=s; i>i)&1) typedef long long ll; typedef long double ld; ld pi = 3.14159265358979; inline void scan(){} template inline void scan(Head&head,Tail&... tail){std::cin>>head;scan(tail...);} // print(a, b, c) => cout << a << ' ' << b << ' ' << c << endl; inline void print(){} template inline void print(Head&head,Tail&... tail){std::cout< std::istream &operator>>(std::istream&is,std::vector&v){for(T &in:v){is>>in;}return is;} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream&os,const std::vector&v){for(auto it=std::begin(v);it!=std::end(v);){os<<*it<<((++it)!=std::end(v)?" ":"");}return os;} // 2地点の距離(long double) long double coor_dist(long double xi, long double yi, long double xj, long double yj) { return sqrt(abs((xi - xj) * (xi - xj)) + abs((yi - yj) * (yi - yj))); } // 回文かどうかの判定 bool iskaibun(string s){ll k = s.size();rep(i,0,k/2){if(s[i]!=s[k-1-i]){return false;}}return true;} template void chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) a = b; } template void chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) a = b; } #define mod 998244353 using mint = modint998244353; int op(int a, int b) {return max(a, b);} int e() {return 0;} int mapping(int f, int x) {return (f == 1e9 ? x : f);} int composition(int f, int g) {return (f == 1e9 ? g : f);} int id() {return 1e9;} signed main() { cin.tie(nullptr); cout << fixed << setprecision(10); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int n, m, q; cin >> n >> m >> q; vector a(n); cin >> a; vector s(n); s[0] = a[0]; rep(i, 1, n) { s[i] = s[i-1]*m + a[i]; s[i] %= mod; } while(q--) { int l, r; cin >> l >> r; l--; r--; cout << (s[r]-s[l-1]+mod) % mod << endl; } }