#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; using Int = long long; template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &a) { return os << "(" << a.first << ", " << a.second << ")"; }; template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &as) { const int sz = as.size(); os << "["; for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) { if (i >= 256) { os << ", ..."; break; } if (i > 0) { os << ", "; } os << as[i]; } return os << "]"; } template void pv(T a, T b) { for (T i = a; i != b; ++i) cerr << *i << " "; cerr << endl; } template bool chmin(T &t, const T &f) { if (t > f) { t = f; return true; } return false; } template bool chmax(T &t, const T &f) { if (t < f) { t = f; return true; } return false; } #define COLOR(s) ("\x1b[" s "m") //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// template struct ModInt { static constexpr unsigned M = M_; unsigned x; constexpr ModInt() : x(0U) {} constexpr ModInt(unsigned x_) : x(x_ % M) {} constexpr ModInt(unsigned long long x_) : x(x_ % M) {} constexpr ModInt(int x_) : x(((x_ %= static_cast(M)) < 0) ? (x_ + static_cast(M)) : x_) {} constexpr ModInt(long long x_) : x(((x_ %= static_cast(M)) < 0) ? (x_ + static_cast(M)) : x_) {} ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &a) { x = ((x += a.x) >= M) ? (x - M) : x; return *this; } ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &a) { x = ((x -= a.x) >= M) ? (x + M) : x; return *this; } ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &a) { x = (static_cast(x) * a.x) % M; return *this; } ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &a) { return (*this *= a.inv()); } ModInt pow(long long e) const { if (e < 0) return inv().pow(-e); ModInt a = *this, b = 1U; for (; e; e >>= 1) { if (e & 1) b *= a; a *= a; } return b; } ModInt inv() const { unsigned a = M, b = x; int y = 0, z = 1; for (; b; ) { const unsigned q = a / b; const unsigned c = a - q * b; a = b; b = c; const int w = y - static_cast(q) * z; y = z; z = w; } assert(a == 1U); return ModInt(y); } ModInt operator+() const { return *this; } ModInt operator-() const { ModInt a; a.x = x ? (M - x) : 0U; return a; } ModInt operator+(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) += a); } ModInt operator-(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) -= a); } ModInt operator*(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) *= a); } ModInt operator/(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) /= a); } template friend ModInt operator+(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) += b); } template friend ModInt operator-(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) -= b); } template friend ModInt operator*(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) *= b); } template friend ModInt operator/(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) /= b); } explicit operator bool() const { return x; } bool operator==(const ModInt &a) const { return (x == a.x); } bool operator!=(const ModInt &a) const { return (x != a.x); } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const ModInt &a) { return os << a.x; } }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// constexpr unsigned MO = 998244353; using Mint = ModInt; vector uf; int root(int u) { return (uf[u] < 0) ? u : (uf[u] = root(uf[u])); } bool connect(int u, int v) { u = root(u); v = root(v); if (u == v) return false; if (uf[u] > uf[v]) swap(u, v); uf[u] += uf[v]; uf[v] = u; return true; } int N, M; vector A, B; vector> graph, hparg; int main() { for (; ~scanf("%d%d", &N, &M); ) { A.resize(M); B.resize(M); for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) { scanf("%d%d", &A[i], &B[i]); --A[i]; --B[i]; if (A[i] > B[i]) { swap(A[i], B[i]); } } graph.assign(N, {}); hparg.assign(N, {}); for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) { graph[A[i]].push_back(B[i]); hparg[B[i]].push_back(A[i]); } uf.assign(N, -1); vector dp(N, 0); vector lz(N, 0); vector> neiss(N); for (int u = 0; u < N; ++u) { // cerr< rvs; for (const int v : hparg[u]) { rvs.push_back(root(v)); } sort(rvs.begin(), rvs.end()); rvs.erase(unique(rvs.begin(), rvs.end()), rvs.end()); int ru = root(u); for (const int rv : rvs) { assert(ru != rv); if (neiss[ru].size() < neiss[rv].size()) { swap(lz[ru], lz[rv]); swap(neiss[ru], neiss[rv]); } for (const int v : neiss[rv]) { dp[v] += lz[rv]; if (neiss[ru].insert(v).second) { dp[v] -= lz[ru]; } } lz[rv] = 0; neiss[rv].clear(); connect(ru, rv); if (root(ru) == rv) { swap(lz[ru], lz[rv]); swap(neiss[ru], neiss[rv]); } ru = root(ru); } for (const int v : graph[u]) { if (neiss[ru].insert(v).second) { dp[v] -= lz[ru]; } } { auto it = neiss[ru].find(u); if (it != neiss[ru].end()) { dp[u] += lz[ru]; neiss[ru].erase(it); } } dp[u] += 1; lz[ru] += dp[u]; // cerr<<" dp = "<