pub use __cargo_equip::prelude::*;

use algebraic::{algebra, monoid};
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use proconio::{
    input,
    marker::{Bytes, Chars, Usize1},
};
use range_tree::RangeTree;
use wavelet_matrix::WaveletMatrix;

algebra!(M, usize);
monoid!(M, 0, |a, b| a + b);

fn main() {
    input! {
        n: usize,
        q: usize,
        a: [i64; n],
    }
    let a: Vec<_> = a
        .into_iter()
        .map(|x| (x + 1_000_000_000) as usize)
        .collect();
    let mut ps = vec![];
    for i in 0..n {
        ps.push((i, a[i]));
    }
    let mut rt = RangeTree::<usize, M>::new(ps);
    for i in 0..n {
        rt.add((i, a[i]), a[i]);
    }
    let wm = WaveletMatrix::new(a);
    for _ in 0..q {
        input! {
            l: Usize1,
            r: usize,
        }
        let m = (r - l) / 2;
        let md = wm.kth_smallest(l..r, m);
        let mut res = rt.prod(l..r, md..) - md * (r - l - m);
        res += md * m - rt.prod(l..r, ..md);
        println!("{}", res);
    }
}

// The following code was expanded by `cargo-equip`.

///  # Bundled libraries
/// 
///  - `algebraic 0.1.0 (path+████████████████████████████████████████████████████████)`                published in **missing** licensed under `CC0-1.0`           as `crate::__cargo_equip::crates::algebraic`
///  - `lazy_static 1.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)`                                               licensed under `MIT/Apache-2.0`    as `crate::__cargo_equip::crates::__lazy_static_1_4_0`
///  - `proconio 0.4.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)`                                                  licensed under `MIT OR Apache-2.0` as `crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio`
///  - `range-tree 0.1.0 (path+██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████)`         published in **missing** licensed under `CC0-1.0`           as `crate::__cargo_equip::crates::range_tree`
///  - `segment-tree 0.1.0 (path+████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████)`     published in **missing** licensed under `CC0-1.0`           as `crate::__cargo_equip::crates::segment_tree`
///  - `wavelet-matrix 0.1.0 (path+██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████)` published in **missing** licensed under `CC0-1.0`           as `crate::__cargo_equip::crates::wavelet_matrix`
/// 
///  # Procedural macros
/// 
///  - `proconio-derive 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)` licensed under `MIT OR Apache-2.0`
/// 
///  # License and Copyright Notices
/// 
///  - `lazy_static 1.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)`
/// 
///      ```text
///      Copyright (c) 2010 The Rust Project Developers
/// 
///      Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
///      person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
///      documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
///      Software without restriction, including without
///      limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
///      publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
///      the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
///      is furnished to do so, subject to the following
///      conditions:
/// 
///      The above copyright notice and this permission notice
///      shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
///      of the Software.
/// 
///      THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
///      ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
///      TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
///      PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
///      SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
///      CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
///      OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
///      IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
///      DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
///      ```
/// 
///  - `proconio 0.4.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)`
/// 
///      ```text
///      The MIT License
///      Copyright 2019 (C) statiolake <statiolake@gmail.com>
/// 
///      Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
///      this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
///      the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
///      use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
///      the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
///      subject to the following conditions:
/// 
///      The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
///      copies or substantial portions of the Software.
/// 
///      THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
///      IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
///      FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
///      COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
///      IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
///      CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
/// 
///      Copyright for original `input!` macro is held by Hideyuki Tanaka, 2019.  The
///      original macro is licensed under BSD 3-clause license.
/// 
///      Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
///      modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
/// 
///      1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
///         list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
/// 
///      2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
///         this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
///         and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
/// 
///      3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
///         may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
///         without specific prior written permission.
/// 
///      THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
///      ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
///      WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
///      DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
///      FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
///      DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
///      SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
///      CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
///      OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
///      OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
///      ```
#[cfg_attr(any(), rustfmt::skip)]
#[allow(unused)]
mod __cargo_equip {
    pub(crate) mod crates {
        pub mod algebraic {pub use crate::__cargo_equip::macros::algebraic::*;pub trait Algebra{type S;}pub trait Act:Algebra{type X;fn act(f:&Self::S,x:&Self::X)->Self::X;}pub trait Monoid:Algebra{fn e()->Self::S;fn op(x:&Self::S,y:&Self::S)->Self::S;}pub trait Group:Monoid{fn inv(x:&Self::S)->Self::S;}#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_algebra{($ident:ident,$ty:ty)=>{#[derive(Clone)]enum$ident{}impl$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::algebraic::Algebra for$ident{type S=$ty;}};}macro_rules!algebra{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_algebra!{$($tt)*})}#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_act{($ident:ident,$tar:ty,$act:expr)=>{impl$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::algebraic::Act for$ident{type X=$tar;#[inline]fn act(f:&Self::S,x:&Self::X)->Self::X{$act(f,x)}}};}macro_rules!act{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_act!{$($tt)*})}#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_monoid{($ident:ident,$e:expr,$op:expr)=>{impl$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::algebraic::Monoid for$ident{#[inline]fn e()->Self::S{$e}#[inline]fn op(x:&Self::S,y:&Self::S)->Self::S{$op(x,y)}}};}macro_rules!monoid{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_monoid!{$($tt)*})}#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_group{($ident:ident,$e:expr,$op:expr,$inv:expr)=>{impl$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::algebraic::Monoid for$ident{#[inline]fn e()->Self::S{$e}#[inline]fn op(x:&Self::S,y:&Self::S)->Self::S{$op(x,y)}}impl$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::algebraic::Group for$ident{#[inline]fn inv(x:&Self::S)->Self::S{$inv(x)}}};}macro_rules!group{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_group!{$($tt)*})}}
        pub mod __lazy_static_1_4_0 {#![no_std]use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::__lazy_static_1_4_0::*;pub use crate::__cargo_equip::macros::__lazy_static_1_4_0::*;#[path="inline_lazy.rs"]pub mod lazy{use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::__lazy_static_1_4_0::*;extern crate core;extern crate std;use self::std::prelude::v1::*;use self::std::cell::Cell;use self::std::hint::unreachable_unchecked;use self::std::sync::Once;#[allow(deprecated)]pub use self::std::sync::ONCE_INIT;pub struct Lazy<T:Sync>(Cell<Option<T>>,Once);impl<T:Sync>Lazy<T>{#[allow(deprecated)]pub const INIT:Self=Lazy(Cell::new(None),ONCE_INIT);#[inline(always)]pub fn get<F>(&'static self,f:F)->&T where F:FnOnce()->T,{self.1.call_once(||{self.0.set(Some(f()));});unsafe{match*self.0.as_ptr(){Some(ref x)=>x,None=>{debug_assert!(false,"attempted to derefence an uninitialized lazy static. This is a bug");unreachable_unchecked()},}}}}unsafe impl<T:Sync>Sync for Lazy<T>{}#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0___lazy_static_create{($NAME:ident,$T:ty)=>{static$NAME:$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::__lazy_static_1_4_0::lazy::Lazy<$T> =$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::__lazy_static_1_4_0::lazy::Lazy::INIT;};}macro_rules!__lazy_static_create{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0___lazy_static_create!{$($tt)*})}}pub use core::ops::Deref as __Deref;#[macro_export(local_inner_macros)]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0___lazy_static_internal{($(#[$attr:meta])*($($vis:tt)*)static ref$N:ident:$T:ty=$e:expr;$($t:tt)*)=>{__lazy_static_internal!(@MAKE TY,$(#[$attr])*,($($vis)*),$N);__lazy_static_internal!(@TAIL,$N:$T=$e);lazy_static!($($t)*);};(@TAIL,$N:ident:$T:ty=$e:expr)=>{impl$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::__lazy_static_1_4_0::__Deref for$N{type Target=$T;fn deref(&self)->&$T{#[inline(always)]fn __static_ref_initialize()->$T{$e}#[inline(always)]fn __stability()->&'static$T{__lazy_static_create!(LAZY,$T);LAZY.get(__static_ref_initialize)}__stability()}}impl$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::__lazy_static_1_4_0::LazyStatic for$N{fn initialize(lazy:&Self){let _=&**lazy;}}};(@MAKE TY,$(#[$attr:meta])*,($($vis:tt)*),$N:ident)=>{#[allow(missing_copy_implementations)]#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]#[allow(dead_code)]$(#[$attr])*$($vis)*struct$N{__private_field:()}#[doc(hidden)]$($vis)*static$N:$N=$N{__private_field:()};};()=>()}macro_rules!__lazy_static_internal{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0___lazy_static_internal!{$($tt)*})}#[macro_export(local_inner_macros)]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0_lazy_static{($(#[$attr:meta])*static ref$N:ident:$T:ty=$e:expr;$($t:tt)*)=>{__lazy_static_internal!($(#[$attr])*()static ref$N:$T=$e;$($t)*);};($(#[$attr:meta])*pub static ref$N:ident:$T:ty=$e:expr;$($t:tt)*)=>{__lazy_static_internal!($(#[$attr])*(pub)static ref$N:$T=$e;$($t)*);};($(#[$attr:meta])*pub($($vis:tt)+)static ref$N:ident:$T:ty=$e:expr;$($t:tt)*)=>{__lazy_static_internal!($(#[$attr])*(pub($($vis)+))static ref$N:$T=$e;$($t)*);};()=>()}macro_rules!lazy_static{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0_lazy_static!{$($tt)*})}pub trait LazyStatic{fn initialize(lazy:&Self);}pub fn initialize<T:LazyStatic>(lazy:&T){LazyStatic::initialize(lazy);}}
        pub mod proconio {#![allow(clippy::needless_doctest_main,clippy::print_literal)]use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::proconio::*;pub use crate::__cargo_equip::macros::proconio::*;pub use proconio_derive::*;pub mod marker{use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::proconio::*;use crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::source::{Readable,Source};use std::io::BufRead;pub enum Chars{}impl Readable for Chars{type Output=Vec<char>;fn read<R:BufRead,S:Source<R>>(source:&mut S)->Vec<char>{source.next_token_unwrap().chars().collect()}}pub enum Bytes{}impl Readable for Bytes{type Output=Vec<u8>;fn read<R:BufRead,S:Source<R>>(source:&mut S)->Vec<u8>{source.next_token_unwrap().bytes().collect()}}pub enum Usize1{}impl Readable for Usize1{type Output=usize;fn read<R:BufRead,S:Source<R>>(source:&mut S)->usize{usize::read(source).checked_sub(1).expect("attempted to read the value 0 as a Usize1")}}pub enum Isize1{}impl Readable for Isize1{type Output=isize;fn read<R:BufRead,S:Source<R>>(source:&mut S)->isize{isize::read(source).checked_sub(1).unwrap_or_else(||{panic!(concat!("attempted to read the value {} as a Isize1:"," the value is isize::MIN and cannot be decremented"),std::isize::MIN,)})}}}pub mod source{use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::proconio::*;use std::any::type_name;use std::fmt::Debug;use std::io::BufRead;use std::str::FromStr;pub mod line{use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::proconio::*;use super::Source;use std::io::BufRead;use std::iter::Peekable;use std::str::SplitWhitespace;pub struct LineSource<R:BufRead>{tokens:Peekable<SplitWhitespace<'static>>,current_context:Box<str>,reader:R,}impl<R:BufRead>LineSource<R>{pub fn new(reader:R)->LineSource<R>{LineSource{current_context:"".to_string().into_boxed_str(),tokens:"".split_whitespace().peekable(),reader,}}fn prepare(&mut self){while self.tokens.peek().is_none(){let mut line=String::new();let num_bytes=self.reader.read_line(&mut line).expect("failed to get linel maybe an IO error.");if num_bytes==0{return;}self.current_context=line.into_boxed_str();self.tokens=unsafe{std::mem::transmute::<_,&'static str>(&*self.current_context)}.split_whitespace().peekable();}}}impl<R:BufRead>Source<R>for LineSource<R>{fn next_token(&mut self)->Option<&str>{self.prepare();self.tokens.next()}fn is_empty(&mut self)->bool{self.prepare();self.tokens.peek().is_none()}}use std::io::BufReader;impl<'a>From<&'a str>for LineSource<BufReader<&'a[u8]>>{fn from(s:&'a str)->LineSource<BufReader<&'a[u8]>>{LineSource::new(BufReader::new(s.as_bytes()))}}}pub mod once{use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::proconio::*;use super::Source;use std::io::BufRead;use std::iter::Peekable;use std::marker::PhantomData;use std::str::SplitWhitespace;pub struct OnceSource<R:BufRead>{tokens:Peekable<SplitWhitespace<'static>>,context:Box<str>,_read:PhantomData<R>,}impl<R:BufRead>OnceSource<R>{pub fn new(mut source:R)->OnceSource<R>{let mut context=String::new();source.read_to_string(&mut context).expect("failed to read from source; maybe an IO error.");let context=context.into_boxed_str();let mut res=OnceSource{context,tokens:"".split_whitespace().peekable(),_read:PhantomData,};use std::mem;let context:&'static str=unsafe{mem::transmute(&*res.context)};res.tokens=context.split_whitespace().peekable();res}}impl<R:BufRead>Source<R>for OnceSource<R>{fn next_token(&mut self)->Option<&str>{self.tokens.next()}fn is_empty(&mut self)->bool{self.tokens.peek().is_none()}}use std::io::BufReader;impl<'a>From<&'a str>for OnceSource<BufReader<&'a[u8]>>{fn from(s:&'a str)->OnceSource<BufReader<&'a[u8]>>{OnceSource::new(BufReader::new(s.as_bytes()))}}}pub mod auto{use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::proconio::*;#[cfg(debug_assertions)]pub use super::line::LineSource as AutoSource;#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]pub use super::once::OnceSource as AutoSource;}pub trait Source<R:BufRead>{fn next_token(&mut self)->Option<&str>;fn is_empty(&mut self)->bool;fn next_token_unwrap(&mut self)->&str{self.next_token().expect(concat!("failed to get the next token; ","maybe reader reached an end of input. ","ensure that arguments for `input!` macro is correctly ","specified to match the problem input."))}}impl<R:BufRead,S:Source<R>>Source<R>for&'_ mut S{fn next_token(&mut self)->Option<&str>{(*self).next_token()}fn is_empty(&mut self)->bool{(*self).is_empty()}}pub trait Readable{type Output;fn read<R:BufRead,S:Source<R>>(source:&mut S)->Self::Output;}impl<T:FromStr>Readable for T where T::Err:Debug,{type Output=T;fn read<R:BufRead,S:Source<R>>(source:&mut S)->T{let token=source.next_token_unwrap();match token.parse(){Ok(v)=>v,Err(e)=>panic!(concat!("failed to parse the input `{input}` ","to the value of type `{ty}`: {err:?}; ","ensure that the input format is collectly specified ","and that the input value must handle specified type.",),input=token,ty=type_name::<T>(),err=e,),}}}}use crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::source::auto::AutoSource;use lazy_static::lazy_static;use std::io;use std::io::{BufReader,Stdin};use std::sync::Mutex;pub use crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::source::Readable as __Readable;lazy_static!{#[doc(hidden)]pub static ref STDIN_SOURCE:Mutex<AutoSource<BufReader<Stdin>>>=Mutex::new(AutoSource::new(BufReader::new(io::stdin())));}#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def_proconio_input{(@from[$source:expr]@rest)=>{};(@from[$source:expr]@rest mut$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::input!{@from[$source]@mut[mut]@rest$($rest)*}};(@from[$source:expr]@rest$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::input!{@from[$source]@mut[]@rest$($rest)*}};(@from[$source:expr]@mut[$($mut:tt)?]@rest$var:tt:$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::input!{@from[$source]@mut[$($mut)*]@var$var@kind[]@rest$($rest)*}};(@from[$source:expr]@mut[$($mut:tt)?]@var$var:tt@kind[$($kind:tt)*]@rest)=>{let$($mut)*$var=$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@source[$source]@kind[$($kind)*]);};(@from[$source:expr]@mut[$($mut:tt)?]@var$var:tt@kind[$($kind:tt)*]@rest,$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::input!(@from[$source]@mut[$($mut)*]@var$var@kind[$($kind)*]@rest);$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::input!(@from[$source]@rest$($rest)*);};(@from[$source:expr]@mut[$($mut:tt)?]@var$var:tt@kind[$($kind:tt)*]@rest$tt:tt$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::input!(@from[$source]@mut[$($mut)*]@var$var@kind[$($kind)*$tt]@rest$($rest)*);};(from$source:expr,$($rest:tt)*)=>{#[allow(unused_variables,unused_mut)]let mut s=$source;$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::input!{@from[&mut s]@rest$($rest)*}};($($rest:tt)*)=>{let mut locked_stdin=$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::STDIN_SOURCE.lock().expect(concat!("failed to lock the stdin; please re-run this program.  ","If this issue repeatedly occur, this is a bug in `proconio`.  ","Please report this issue from ","<https://github.com/statiolake/proconio-rs/issues>."));$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::input!{@from[&mut*locked_stdin]@rest$($rest)*}drop(locked_stdin);};}macro_rules!input{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def_proconio_input!{$($tt)*})}#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def_proconio_read_value{(@source[$source:expr]@kind[[$($kind:tt)*]])=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@array@source[$source]@kind[]@rest$($kind)*)};(@array@source[$source:expr]@kind[$($kind:tt)*]@rest)=>{{let len=<usize as$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::__Readable>::read($source);$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@source[$source]@kind[[$($kind)*;len]])}};(@array@source[$source:expr]@kind[$($kind:tt)*]@rest;$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@array@source[$source]@kind[$($kind)*]@len[$($rest)*])};(@array@source[$source:expr]@kind[$($kind:tt)*]@rest$tt:tt$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@array@source[$source]@kind[$($kind)*$tt]@rest$($rest)*)};(@array@source[$source:expr]@kind[$($kind:tt)*]@len[$($len:tt)*])=>{{let len=$($len)*;(0..len).map(|_|$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@source[$source]@kind[$($kind)*])).collect::<Vec<_>>()}};(@source[$source:expr]@kind[($($kinds:tt)*)])=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@tuple@source[$source]@kinds[]@current[]@rest$($kinds)*)};(@tuple@source[$source:expr]@kinds[$([$($kind:tt)*])*]@current[]@rest)=>{($($crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@source[$source]@kind[$($kind)*]),)*)};(@tuple@source[$source:expr]@kinds[$($kinds:tt)*]@current[$($curr:tt)*]@rest)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@tuple@source[$source]@kinds[$($kinds)*[$($curr)*]]@current[]@rest)};(@tuple@source[$source:expr]@kinds[$($kinds:tt)*]@current[$($curr:tt)*]@rest,$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@tuple@source[$source]@kinds[$($kinds)*[$($curr)*]]@current[]@rest$($rest)*)};(@tuple@source[$source:expr]@kinds[$($kinds:tt)*]@current[$($curr:tt)*]@rest$tt:tt$($rest:tt)*)=>{$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::read_value!(@tuple@source[$source]@kinds[$($kinds)*]@current[$($curr)*$tt]@rest$($rest)*)};(@source[$source:expr]@kind[])=>{compile_error!(concat!("Reached unreachable statement while parsing macro input.  ","This is a bug in `proconio`.  ","Please report this issue from ","<https://github.com/statiolake/proconio-rs/issues>."));};(@source[$source:expr]@kind[$kind:ty])=>{<$kind as$crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::__Readable>::read($source)}}macro_rules!read_value{($($tt:tt)*)=>(crate::__cargo_equip_macro_def_proconio_read_value!{$($tt)*})}pub fn is_stdin_empty()->bool{use crate::__cargo_equip::crates::proconio::source::Source;let mut lock=STDIN_SOURCE.lock().expect(concat!("failed to lock the stdin; please re-run this program.  ","If this issue repeatedly occur, this is a bug in `proconio`.  ","Please report this issue from ","<https://github.com/statiolake/proconio-rs/issues>."));lock.is_empty()}}
        pub mod __proconio_derive_0_2_1 {pub use crate::__cargo_equip::macros::__proconio_derive_0_2_1::*;#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def___proconio_derive_0_2_1_derive_readable{($(_:tt)*)=>(::std::compile_error!("`derive_readable` from `proconio-derive 0.2.1` should have been expanded");)}#[macro_export]macro_rules!__cargo_equip_macro_def___proconio_derive_0_2_1_fastout{($(_:tt)*)=>(::std::compile_error!("`fastout` from `proconio-derive 0.2.1` should have been expanded");)}}
        pub mod range_tree {use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::range_tree::*;use std::ops::{Bound,RangeBounds};use algebraic::Monoid;use segment_tree::SegmentTree;pub struct RangeTree<I,M>where I:Ord+Copy,M:Monoid,M::S:Clone,{n:usize,seg:Vec<SegmentTree<M>>,ps:Vec<(I,I)>,ys:Vec<Vec<I>>,}impl<I,M>RangeTree<I,M>where I:Ord+Copy,M:Monoid,M::S:Clone,{pub fn new(mut ps:Vec<(I,I)>)->Self{ps.sort();ps.dedup();let n=ps.len();let mut seg:Vec<_> =(0..n*2).map(|_|SegmentTree::new(0)).collect();let mut ys=vec![vec![];n*2];for i in 0..n{ys[n+i].push(ps[i].1);seg[n+i]=SegmentTree::new(1);}for i in(1..n).rev(){ys[i]=merge(&ys[i<<1],&ys[i<<1|1]);seg[i]=SegmentTree::new(ys[i].len());}Self{n,seg,ps,ys}}pub fn get(&self,(x,y):(I,I))->M::S{let i=self.ps.partition_point(|&p|p<(x,y));assert!(self.ps[i]==(x,y));self.seg[self.n+i].get(0)}pub fn add(&mut self,(x,y):(I,I),v:M::S){let mut i=self.ps.partition_point(|&p|p<(x,y));assert!(self.ps[i]==(x,y));i+=self.n;while i>0{let j=self.ys[i].partition_point(|&t|t<y);let t=self.seg[i].get(j);self.seg[i].set(j,M::op(&t,&v));i>>=1;}}pub fn prod(&self,range_x:impl RangeBounds<I>,range_y:impl RangeBounds<I>)->M::S{let mut l=match range_x.start_bound(){Bound::Unbounded=>0,Bound::Included(&l)=>self.ps.partition_point(|&(x,_)|x<l),Bound::Excluded(&l)=>self.ps.partition_point(|&(x,_)|x<=l),}+self.n;let mut r=match range_x.end_bound(){Bound::Unbounded=>self.n,Bound::Excluded(&r)=>self.ps.partition_point(|&(x,_)|x<r),Bound::Included(&r)=>self.ps.partition_point(|&(x,_)|x<=r),}+self.n;let mut pl=M::e();let mut pr=M::e();while l<r{if l&1!=0{let a=match range_y.start_bound(){Bound::Unbounded=>0,Bound::Included(&a)=>self.ys[l].partition_point(|&y|y<a),Bound::Excluded(&a)=>self.ys[l].partition_point(|&y|y<=a),};let b=match range_y.end_bound(){Bound::Unbounded=>self.ys[l].len(),Bound::Excluded(&b)=>self.ys[l].partition_point(|&y|y<b),Bound::Included(&b)=>self.ys[l].partition_point(|&y|y<=b),};pl=M::op(&pl,&self.seg[l].prod(a..b));l+=1;}if r&1!=0{r-=1;let a=match range_y.start_bound(){Bound::Unbounded=>0,Bound::Included(&a)=>self.ys[r].partition_point(|&y|y<a),Bound::Excluded(&a)=>self.ys[r].partition_point(|&y|y<=a),};let b=match range_y.end_bound(){Bound::Unbounded=>self.ys[r].len(),Bound::Excluded(&b)=>self.ys[r].partition_point(|&y|y<b),Bound::Included(&b)=>self.ys[r].partition_point(|&y|y<=b),};pr=M::op(&self.seg[r].prod(a..b),&pr);}l>>=1;r>>=1;}M::op(&pl,&pr)}}fn merge<T>(a:&[T],b:&[T])->Vec<T>where T:Ord+Copy,{let n=a.len();let m=b.len();let mut i=0;let mut j=0;let mut c=vec![];while i<n||j<m{let p=if j==m{a[i]}else if i==n{b[j]}else{a[i].min(b[j])};c.push(p);while i<n&&a[i]==p{i+=1;}while j<m&&b[j]==p{j+=1;}}c}}
        pub mod segment_tree {use crate::__cargo_equip::preludes::segment_tree::*;use std::ops::{Bound,RangeBounds};use algebraic::Monoid;#[derive(Clone)]pub struct SegmentTree<M>where M:Monoid,M::S:Clone,{n:usize,v:Vec<M::S>,}impl<M>SegmentTree<M>where M:Monoid,M::S:Clone,{pub fn new(n:usize)->Self{Self{n,v:vec![M::e();n*2],}}pub fn set(&mut self,mut k:usize,x:M::S){k+=self.n;self.v[k]=x;while k>1{k>>=1;self.v[k]=M::op(&self.v[k*2],&self.v[k*2+1]);}}pub fn get(&self,k:usize)->M::S{assert!(k<self.n);self.v[k+self.n].clone()}pub fn prod<R>(&self,range:R)->M::S where R:RangeBounds<usize>,{let mut l=match range.start_bound(){Bound::Excluded(&l)=>l+1,Bound::Included(&l)=>l,Bound::Unbounded=>0,};let mut r=match range.end_bound(){Bound::Excluded(&r)=>r,Bound::Included(&r)=>r+1,Bound::Unbounded=>self.n,};assert!(l<=r);assert!(r<=self.n);l+=self.n;r+=self.n;let mut sl=M::e();let mut sr=M::e();while l<r{if l&1!=0{sl=M::op(&sl,&self.v[l]);l+=1;}if r&1!=0{r-=1;sr=M::op(&self.v[r],&sr);}l>>=1;r>>=1;}M::op(&sl,&sr)}pub fn max_right<P>(&self,mut l:usize,pred:P)->usize where P:Fn(&M::S)->bool,{assert!(l<=self.n);assert!(pred(&M::e()));if pred(&self.prod(l..)){return self.n;}l+=self.n;let mut s=M::e();loop{while l&1==0&&self.is_good_node(l>>1){l>>=1;}if!pred(&M::op(&s,&self.v[l])){while l<self.n{l<<=1;let t=M::op(&s,&self.v[l]);if pred(&t){s=t;l+=1;}}return l-self.n;}s=M::op(&s,&self.v[l]);l+=1;}}pub fn min_left<P>(&self,mut r:usize,pred:P)->usize where P:Fn(&M::S)->bool,{assert!(r<=self.n);assert!(pred(&M::e()));if pred(&self.prod(..r)){return 0;}r+=self.n;let mut s=M::e();loop{r-=1;while!self.is_good_node(r){r=r*2+1;}while r&1!=0&&self.is_good_node(r>>1){r>>=1;}if!pred(&M::op(&self.v[r],&s)){while r<self.n{r=r*2+1;let t=M::op(&self.v[r],&s);if pred(&t){s=t;r-=1;}}return r+1-self.n;}s=M::op(&self.v[r],&s);}}#[inline]fn is_good_node(&self,k:usize)->bool{if k>=self.n{true}else{let d=k.leading_zeros()-self.n.leading_zeros();self.n>>d!=k||self.n>>d<<d==self.n}}}impl<M>From<Vec<M::S>>for SegmentTree<M>where M:Monoid,M::S:Clone,{fn from(mut a:Vec<M::S>)->Self{let n=a.len();let mut v=vec![M::e();n];v.append(&mut a);for i in(1..n).rev(){v[i]=M::op(&v[i*2],&v[i*2+1]);}Self{n,v}}}}
        pub mod wavelet_matrix {use std::ops::{Bound,RangeBounds};const W:usize=64;#[derive(Clone)]struct BitVector{bit:Vec<usize>,sum:Vec<usize>,}pub struct WaveletMatrix{n:usize,mat:Vec<BitVector>,mid:Vec<usize>,}impl WaveletMatrix{pub fn new(mut a:Vec<usize>)->Self{let n=a.len();let max=a.iter().max().max(Some(&2)).unwrap();let m=64-max.leading_zeros()as usize;let mut mat=vec![BitVector::new(n+1);m];let mut mid=vec![0;m];for d in(0..m).rev(){let mut l=vec![];let mut r=vec![];for i in 0..n{if a[i]>>d&1==1{mat[d].set(i);r.push(a[i]);}else{l.push(a[i]);}}mid[d]=l.len();mat[d].build();a=l;a.append(&mut r);}Self{n,mat,mid}}pub fn access(&self,mut k:usize)->usize{let mut res=0;for d in(0..self.mat.len()).rev(){let f=self.mat[d].access(k);if f{res|=1<<d;k=self.mat[d].rank1(k)+self.mid[d];}else{k=self.mat[d].rank0(k);}}res}pub fn kth_smallest<R:RangeBounds<usize>>(&self,range:R,mut k:usize)->usize{let(mut l,mut r)=range_to_pair(range,self.n);assert!(k<r-l);let mut res=0;for d in(0..self.mat.len()).rev(){let cnt=self.mat[d].rank0(r)-self.mat[d].rank0(l);if cnt<=k{res|=1<<d;k-=cnt;let(ll,rr)=self.succ1(l..r,d);l=ll;r=rr;}else{let(ll,rr)=self.succ0(l..r,d);l=ll;r=rr;}}res}pub fn kth_largest<R:RangeBounds<usize>>(&self,range:R,k:usize)->usize{let(l,r)=range_to_pair(range,self.n);self.kth_smallest(l..r,r-l-k-1)}pub fn range_freq<IR,VR>(&self,index_range:IR,value_range:VR)->usize where IR:RangeBounds<usize>,VR:RangeBounds<usize>,{let(il,ir)=range_to_pair(index_range,self.n);let(vl,vr)=range_to_pair(value_range,1<<self.mat.len());self.range_freq_(il,ir,vr)-self.range_freq_(il,ir,vl)}pub fn prev_value<R:RangeBounds<usize>>(&self,range:R,upper:usize)->Option<usize>{let(l,r)=range_to_pair(range,self.n);let cnt=self.range_freq_(l,r,upper);if cnt==0{None}else{Some(self.kth_smallest(l..r,cnt-1))}}pub fn next_value<R:RangeBounds<usize>>(&self,range:R,lower:usize)->Option<usize>{let(l,r)=range_to_pair(range,self.n);let cnt=self.range_freq_(l,r,lower);if cnt==r-l{None}else{Some(self.kth_smallest(l..r,cnt))}}fn succ1<R:RangeBounds<usize>>(&self,range:R,d:usize)->(usize,usize){let(l,r)=range_to_pair(range,self.n);(self.mat[d].rank1(l)+self.mid[d],self.mat[d].rank1(r)+self.mid[d],)}fn succ0<R:RangeBounds<usize>>(&self,range:R,d:usize)->(usize,usize){let(l,r)=range_to_pair(range,self.n);(self.mat[d].rank0(l),self.mat[d].rank0(r))}fn range_freq_(&self,mut l:usize,mut r:usize,upper:usize)->usize{if upper>=1<<self.mat.len(){return r-l;}let mut res=0;for d in(0..self.mat.len()).rev(){if upper>>d&1==1{res+=self.mat[d].rank0(r)-self.mat[d].rank0(l);let(ll,rr)=self.succ1(l..r,d);l=ll;r=rr;}else{let(ll,rr)=self.succ0(l..r,d);l=ll;r=rr;}}res}}impl BitVector{fn new(n:usize)->Self{Self{bit:vec![0;(n+63)/W],sum:vec![0;(n+63)/W],}}fn set(&mut self,k:usize){self.bit[k/W]|=1<<k%W;}fn build(&mut self){self.sum[0]=0;for i in 1..self.sum.len(){self.sum[i]=self.sum[i-1]+self.bit[i-1].count_ones()as usize;}}fn access(&self,k:usize)->bool{self.bit[k/W]>>k%W&1==1}fn rank1(&self,k:usize)->usize{self.sum[k/W]+(self.bit[k/W]&(1<<k%W)-1).count_ones()as usize}fn rank0(&self,k:usize)->usize{k-self.rank1(k)}}fn range_to_pair<R:RangeBounds<usize>>(range:R,n:usize)->(usize,usize){let l=match range.start_bound(){Bound::Unbounded=>0,Bound::Excluded(&l)=>(l+1).min(n),Bound::Included(&l)=>l.min(n),};let r=match range.end_bound(){Bound::Unbounded=>n,Bound::Excluded(&r)=>r.min(n),Bound::Included(&r)=>(r+1).min(n),};assert!(l<=r);(l,r)}}
    }

    pub(crate) mod macros {
        pub mod algebraic {pub use crate::{__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_act as act,__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_algebra as algebra,__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_group as group,__cargo_equip_macro_def_algebraic_monoid as monoid};}
        pub mod __lazy_static_1_4_0 {pub use crate::{__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0___lazy_static_create as __lazy_static_create,__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0___lazy_static_internal as __lazy_static_internal,__cargo_equip_macro_def___lazy_static_1_4_0_lazy_static as lazy_static};}
        pub mod proconio {pub use crate::{__cargo_equip_macro_def_proconio_input as input,__cargo_equip_macro_def_proconio_read_value as read_value};}
        pub mod __proconio_derive_0_2_1 {pub use crate::{__cargo_equip_macro_def___proconio_derive_0_2_1_derive_readable as derive_readable,__cargo_equip_macro_def___proconio_derive_0_2_1_fastout as fastout};}
        pub mod range_tree {}
        pub mod segment_tree {}
        pub mod wavelet_matrix {}
    }

    pub(crate) mod prelude {pub use crate::__cargo_equip::{crates::*,macros::__lazy_static_1_4_0::*};}

    mod preludes {
        pub mod algebraic {}
        pub mod __lazy_static_1_4_0 {pub(in crate::__cargo_equip)use crate::__cargo_equip::macros::__lazy_static_1_4_0::*;}
        pub mod proconio {pub(in crate::__cargo_equip)use crate::__cargo_equip::macros::__lazy_static_1_4_0::*;pub(in crate::__cargo_equip)use crate::__cargo_equip::crates::{__lazy_static_1_4_0 as lazy_static,__proconio_derive_0_2_1 as proconio_derive};}
        pub mod __proconio_derive_0_2_1 {}
        pub mod range_tree {pub(in crate::__cargo_equip)use crate::__cargo_equip::crates::{algebraic,segment_tree};}
        pub mod segment_tree {pub(in crate::__cargo_equip)use crate::__cargo_equip::crates::algebraic;}
        pub mod wavelet_matrix {}
    }
}