#line 1 "code.cpp"
/*#pragma GCC optimize("O3")
#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")//*/
//#pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native")
#line 2 "/home/wa_haya_exe/CP_Library/C++/template.hpp"
#ifndef TEMPLATE
#define TEMPLATE
#endif
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-copy"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
#include <ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>
namespace VvyLw {
inline void wa_haya_exe() noexcept { std::cin.tie(nullptr) -> sync_with_stdio(false); }
void solve();
} // VvyLw
std::mt19937 EhaL(std::hash<std::string>()("Huitloxopetl"));
std::mt19937 Random() {
  std::random_device seed_gen;
  std::mt19937 engine {seed_gen()};
  return engine;
}
using Timer = std::chrono::system_clock::time_point;
[[maybe_unused]] Timer start, stop;
#if local
void now(Timer &t){ t = std::chrono::system_clock::now(); }
void time(const Timer &t1, const Timer &t2){ std::cerr << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(t2-t1).count() << "ms\n"; }
#else
[[maybe_unused]] void now(Timer &t){ void(0); }
[[maybe_unused]] void time(const Timer &t1, const Timer &t2){ void(0); }
#endif

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#define overload4(_1,_2,_3,_4,name,...) name
#define overload3(_1,_2,_3,name,...) name
#define rep1(n) for(ll i=0; i<(n); ++i)
#define rep2(i,n) for(ll i=0; i<(n); ++i)
#define rep3(i,a,b) for(ll i=(a); i<=(b); ++i)
#define rep4(i,a,b,c) for(ll i=(a); i<=(b); i+=(c))
#define rep(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__,rep4,rep3,rep2,rep1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rvp1(n) for(ll i=(n); --i>=0;)
#define rvp2(i,n) for(ll i=(n); --i>=0;)
#define rvp3(i,a,b) for(ll i=(a); i>=(b); i--)
#define rvp4(i,a,b,c) for(ll i=(a); i>=(b); i-=(c))
#define rvp(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__,rvp4,rvp3,rvp2,rvp1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define all1(v) v.begin(),v.end()
#define all2(v,a) v.begin(),v.begin()+a
#define all3(v,a,b) v.begin()+a,v.begin()+b
#define all(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__,all3,all2,all1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rall1(v) v.rbegin(),v.rend()
#define rall2(v,a) v.rbegin(),v.rbegin()+a
#define rall3(v,a,b) v.rbegin()+a,v.rbegin()+b
#define rall(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__,rall3,rall2,rall1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define each1(elem,v) for(auto &elem: v)
#define each2(x,y,v) for(auto &[x,y]: v)
#define each3(x,y,z,v) for(auto &[x,y,z]: v)
#define each(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__,each3,each2,each1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define sqrp1(n) for(ll i=0; i*i<(n); ++i)
#define sqrp2(i,n) for(ll i=0; i*i<(n); ++i)
#define sqrp3(i,a,b) for(ll i=(a); i*i<=(b); ++i)
#define sqrp(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__,sqrp3,sqrp2,sqrp1)(__VA_ARGS__)

using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using uint = unsigned;
using ul = unsigned long long;
using i128 = __int128_t;
using u128 = __uint128_t;
template <class T> using L = std::numeric_limits<T>;
constexpr int dx[]={0,0,0,-1,1,-1,-1,1,1};
constexpr int dy[]={0,-1,1,0,0,-1,1,-1,1};
constexpr int MOD = 0x3b800001;
constexpr int M0D = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr int INF = 1 << 30;
constexpr ll LINF = (1LL << 61) - 1;
constexpr ld DINF = L<ld>::infinity();
template <class T> constexpr T LIM = L<T>::max();
#if __cplusplus >= 202100L
constexpr ld PI = std::numbers::pi;
constexpr ld E = std::numbers::e;
#else
const ld PI = std::acos(-1);
const ld E = 2.718281828459045;
#endif
namespace vectors {
template <class T> using V = std::vector<T>;
using vi = V<ll>;
using vu = V<ul>;
using vd = V<ld>;
using vc = V<char>;
using vs = V<std::string>;
using vb = V<bool>;
using wi = V<vi>;
using wu = V<vu>;
using wd = V<vd>;
using wc = V<vc>;
using ws = V<vs>;
using wb = V<vb>;
template <class T, class U> inline V<U> ndiv(T&& n, U&& v) noexcept {
  return V<U>(std::forward<T>(n), std::forward<U>(v));
}
template <class T, class... Ts> inline decltype(auto) ndiv(T&& n, Ts&&... v) noexcept {
  return V<decltype(ndiv(std::forward<Ts>(v)...))>(std::forward<T>(n), ndiv(std::forward<Ts>(v)...));
}
template <class T> constexpr V<T>& operator++(V<T>& v) noexcept { each(el,v) el++; return v; }
template <class T> constexpr V<T>& operator--(V<T>& v) noexcept { each(el,v) el--; return v; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T>& operator+=(V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { each(el,v) el+=x; return v; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T>& operator-=(V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { each(el,v) el-=x; return v; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T>& operator*=(V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { each(el,v) el*=x; return v; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T>& operator/=(V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { each(el,v) el/=x; return v; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T>& operator%=(V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { each(el,v) el%=x; return v; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T> operator+(const V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { V<T> res = v; res+=x; return res; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T> operator-(const V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { V<T> res = v; res-=x; return res; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T> operator*(const V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { V<T> res = v; res*=x; return res; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T> operator/(const V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { V<T> res = v; res/=x; return res; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr V<T> operator%(const V<T>& v, const U x) noexcept { V<T> res = v; res%=x; return res; }
} // vectors
using namespace vectors;
namespace pairs {
template <class T, class U> using P = std::pair<T, U>;
template <class T> using PP = P<T,T>;
using pi = PP<ll>;
using pd = PP<ld>;
using pc = PP<char>;
using ps = PP<std::string>;
template <class T> constexpr PP<T> operator+(const PP<T>& a, const PP<T>& b) noexcept { return {a.first + b.first, a.second + b.second}; }
template <class T> constexpr PP<T> operator-(const PP<T>& a, const PP<T>& b) noexcept { return {a.first - b.first, a.second - b.second}; }
template <class T> constexpr PP<T> operator-(const PP<T>& a) noexcept { return {-a.first, -a.second}; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr PP<T> operator*(const PP<T>& a, const U& b) noexcept { return {a.first * b, a.second * b}; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr PP<T> operator/(const PP<T>& a, const U& b) noexcept { return {a.first / b, a.second / b}; }
template <class T> constexpr PP<T>& operator+=(PP<T>& a, const PP<T>& b) noexcept { return a = a + b; }
template <class T> constexpr PP<T>& operator-=(PP<T>& a, const PP<T>& b) noexcept { return a = a - b; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr PP<T>& operator*=(PP<T>& a, const U& b) noexcept { return a = a * b; }
template <class T, class U> PP<T>& operator/=(PP<T>& a, const U& b) noexcept { return a = a / b; }
template <class T> constexpr bool operator==(const PP<T> &p, const PP<T> &q) noexcept { return p.first==q.first && p.second==q.second; }
template <class T> constexpr bool operator!=(const PP<T> &p, const PP<T> &q) noexcept { return !(p==q); }
template <class T> constexpr bool operator<(const PP<T> &p, const PP<T> &q) noexcept { if(p.first==q.first) return p.second<q.second; return p.first<q.first; }
template <class T> constexpr bool operator<=(const PP<T> &p, const PP<T> &q) noexcept { if(p.first==q.first) return p.second<=q.second; return p.first<q.first; }
template <class T> constexpr bool operator>(const PP<T> &p, const PP<T> &q) noexcept { if(p.first==q.first) return p.second>q.second; return p.first>q.first; }
template <class T> constexpr bool operator>=(const PP<T> &p, const PP<T> &q) noexcept { if(p.first==q.first) return p.second>=q.second; return p.first>q.first; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr bool operator==(const P<T,U> &p, const P<T,U> &q) noexcept { return p.first==q.first && p.second==q.second; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr bool operator!=(const P<T,U> &p, const P<T,U> &q) noexcept { return !(p==q); }
template <class T, class U> constexpr bool operator<(const P<T,U> &p, const P<T,U> &q) noexcept { if(p.first==q.first) return p.second<q.second; return p.first<q.first; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr bool operator<=(const P<T,U> &p, const P<T,U> &q) noexcept { if(p.first==q.first) return p.second<=q.second; return p.first<q.first; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr bool operator>(const P<T,U> &p, const P<T,U> &q) noexcept { if(p.first==q.first) return p.second>q.second; return p.first>q.first; }
template <class T, class U> constexpr bool operator>=(const P<T,U> &p, const P<T,U> &q) noexcept { if(p.first==q.first) return p.second>=q.second; return p.first>q.first; }
template <class T> inline PP<T> rotate(const PP<T>& a){ return {-a.second, a.first}; } // 90 degree ccw
template <class T> inline pd rotate(const PP<T>& a, const int ang) {
  assert(0<=ang && ang<360);
  const ld rad=PI*ang/180;
  return {a.first*std::cos(rad)-a.second*std::sin(rad), a.first*std::sin(rad)+a.second*std::cos(rad)};
}
template <class T> inline T dot(const PP<T>& a, const PP<T>& b){ return a.first * b.first + a.second * b.second; }
template <class T> inline T cross(const PP<T>& a, const PP<T>& b){ return dot(rotate(a), b); }
template <class T> inline T square(const PP<T>& a){ return dot(a, a); }
template <class T> inline ld grad(const PP<T>& a){ assert(a.first); return 1.0L * a.second / a.first; }
template <class T> inline ld abs(const PP<T>& a){ return std::hypotl(a.first, a.second); }
template <class T> inline T lcm(const PP<T>& a){ return std::lcm(a.first, a.second); }
template <class T> inline T gcd(const PP<T>& a){ return std::gcd(a.first, a.second); }
template <class T> inline PP<T> extgcd(const PP<T> &p) {
  T x=1,y=0,t1=0,t2=0,t3=1,a,b;
  std::tie(a,b)=p;
  while(b) {
    t1=a/b,a-=t1*b;
    std::swap(a,b);
    x-=t1*t2;
    std::swap(x,t2);
    y-=t1*t3;
    std::swap(y,t3);
  }
  return {x,y};
}
template <class T> inline PP<T> normalize(PP<T> a) {
  if(a == PP<T>{}) return a;
  a /= gcd(a);
  if(a < PP<T>{}) a = -a;
  return a;
}
template <class T, class U> inline P<U,T> swap(const P<T,U> &p){ P<U,T> ret={p.second,p.first}; return ret; }
template <class T, class U> inline V<P<U,T>> swap(const V<P<T,U>> &vp) {
  V<P<U,T>> ret;
  each(el,vp) ret.emplace_back(swap(el));
  return ret;
}
template <class T, class U> inline V<T> first(const V<P<T,U>> &vp) {
  V<T> res;
  each(el,vp) res.emplace_back(el.first);
  return res;
}
template <class T, class U> inline V<U> second(const V<P<T,U>> &vp) {
  V<U> res;
  each(el,vp) res.emplace_back(el.second);
  return res;
}
} // pairs
using namespace pairs;
template <size_t N> using ti = std::array<ll, N>;
using tri = ti<3>;
template <class T> using pq = std::priority_queue<T>;
template <class T> using pqr = std::priority_queue<T,V<T>,std::greater<T>>;
template <class T> using Tree = __gnu_pbds::tree<T,__gnu_pbds::null_type,std::less<T>,__gnu_pbds::rb_tree_tag,__gnu_pbds::tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
template <class T> using TREE = __gnu_pbds::tree<T,__gnu_pbds::null_type,std::greater<T>,__gnu_pbds::rb_tree_tag,__gnu_pbds::tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
template <class T, class U> inline bool chmax(T& a, const U& b){ if(a<b){ a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template <class T, class U> inline bool chmin(T& a, const U& b){ if(a>b){ a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template <class T, class U> inline bool overflow_if_add(const T a, const U b){ return (LIM<T>-a)<b; }
template <class T, class U> inline bool overflow_if_mul(const T a, const U b){ return (LIM<T>/a)<b; }

namespace IO {
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, i128 value) {
  std::ostream::sentry s(dest);
  if(s) {
    u128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
    char buffer[128];
    char *d = std::end(buffer);
    do {
      --d;
      *d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10];
      tmp /= 10;
    } while(tmp != 0);
    if(value < 0) {
      --d;
      *d = '-';
    }
    int len = std::end(buffer) - d;
    if(dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) {
      dest.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit);
    }
  }
  return dest;
}
template <class T, class U> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &is, P<T, U> &p){ is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; }
template <class T, size_t N> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &is, std::array<T, N> &a){ each(el,a) is >> el; return is; }
template <class T> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &is, V<T> &v){ each(el,v) is >> el; return is; }
template <class T> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &is, std::deque<T> &dq){ each(el,dq) is >> el; return is; }
template <class T> inline bool in(T& x){ std::cin >> x; return 1; }
template <class Head, class... Tail> inline bool in(Head& head, Tail&... tail){ in(head); in(tail...); return 1; }
template <class T, class U> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const P<T, U> &p){ os << p.first << ' ' << p.second; return os; }
template <class T, size_t N> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::array<T, N> &a){ if(a.size()){ os << a.front(); for(auto i=a.begin(); ++i!=a.end();){ os << ' ' << *i; } } return os; }
template <class T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const V<T> &v){ if(v.size()){ os << v.front(); for(auto i=v.begin(); ++i!=v.end();){ os << ' ' << *i; } } return os; }
template <class K, class V> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::map<K, V> &m){ if(m.size()){ os << m.begin()->first << ' ' << m.begin()->second; for(auto i=m.begin(); ++i!=m.end();){ os << '\n' << i->first << ' ' << i->second; } } return os; }
template <class T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::set<T> &st){ if(st.size()){ os << *st.begin(); for(auto i=st.begin(); ++i!=st.end();){ os << ' ' << *i; } } return os; }
template <class T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::multiset<T> &ms){ if(ms.size()){ os << *ms.begin(); for(auto i=ms.begin(); ++i!=ms.end();){ os << ' ' << *i; } } return os; }
template <class T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::deque<T> &dq){ if(dq.size()){ os << dq.front(); for(auto i=dq.begin(); ++i!=dq.end();){ os << ' ' << *i; } } return os; }
inline void out(){ std::cout << '\n'; }
template <bool flush=false, class T> inline void out(const T& x){ std::cout << x << '\n'; if(flush) std::cout.flush(); }
template <bool flush=false, class Head, class... Tail> inline void out(const Head& head, const Tail&... tail){ std::cout << head << ' '; out<flush>(tail...); }
template <bool flush=false, class T> inline void vout(const T& v){ std::cout << v << '\n'; if(flush) std::cout.flush(); }
template <bool flush=false, class T> inline void vout(const V<T>& v){ rep(v.size()) std::cout << v[i] << '\n'; if(flush) std::cout.flush(); }
template <bool flush=false, class Head, class... Tail> inline void vout(const Head& head, const Tail&... tail){ std::cout << head << '\n'; vout<flush>(tail...); }
inline void fix(const short x){ std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(x); }
inline void alpha(){ std::cout << std::boolalpha; }
#define INT(...) int __VA_ARGS__; in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LL(...) ll __VA_ARGS__; in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define UL(...) ul __VA_ARGS__; in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LD(...) ld __VA_ARGS__; in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define CHR(...) char __VA_ARGS__; in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define STR(...) std::string __VA_ARGS__; in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define VEC(type,name,size) V<type> name(size); in(name)
#define WEC(type,name,h,w) V<V<type>> name(h,V<type>(w)); in(name)
#define fin(...) do{ out(__VA_ARGS__); return; }while(false)
} // IO
using namespace IO;

namespace zia_qu {
#ifdef local
//https://gist.github.com/naskya/1e5e5cd269cfe16a76988378a60e2ca3
#include <../debug_print.hpp>
#define debug(...) debug_print::multi_print(#__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define debug(...) static_cast<void>(0)
#endif
#define elif else if
#define eid(el,v) size_t(&el-&v[0])
#define bif(bit,tar) if(((bit)>>(tar))&1)
#define nxp(x) std::next_permutation(all(x))
#define prp(x) std::prev_permutation(all(x))
#define strpl(s,a,b) std::regex_replace(s,std::regex(a),b)
#define rgxsr(s,rgx) std::regex_search(s,std::regex(rgx))
inline void YES(const bool ok=1){ out(ok?"YES":"NO"); }
inline void NO(const bool ok=1){ YES(!ok); }
inline void Yes(const bool ok=1){ out(ok?"Yes":"No"); }
inline void No(const bool ok=1){ Yes(!ok); }
inline void yes(const bool ok=1){ out(ok?"yes":"no"); }
inline void no(const bool ok=1){ yes(!ok); }
template <class T> inline T sqr(const T x){ return x*x; }
template <class T> inline T cub(const T x){ return x*x*x; }
template <class T> inline T Mod(const T x, const T m){ return (x+m)%m; }
template <class T> inline T Pow(T a, T b, const T mod=0) {
  T res=1;
  if(mod) {
    res%=mod;
    a%=mod;
  }
  while(b>0) {
    if(b&1) res*=a;
    if(mod) res%=mod;
    a*=a;
    if(mod) a%=mod;
    b>>=1;
  }
  return res;
}
inline ll Ceil(const ld x, const ll m){ return std::ceil(x/m); }
inline ld Round(const ld x, const ll m, const short fx=0){ if(!fx) return std::round(x/m); const ul y=Pow<ul>(10,fx); return std::round((x*y)/m)/y; }
inline ld Log(const ll x, const ld base=2){ return std::log2(x)/std::log2(base); }
inline int bitdigit(const ll x){ return 64-__builtin_clzll(x); }
inline int popcnt(const ll x){ return __builtin_popcountll(x); }
inline int fione(const ll x){ return __builtin_ffsll(x); }
inline int zrcnt(const ll x){ return __builtin_ctzll(x); }
template <class T=ll> inline bool scope(const T a, const T x, const T b){ return a <= x && x <= b; }
inline bool isupper(const char c){ return std::isupper(c); }
inline bool isupper(const std::string &s){ bool ok=1; each(el,s) ok&=isupper(el); return ok; }
inline bool islower(const char c){ return std::islower(c); }
inline bool islower(const std::string &s){ bool ok=1; each(el,s) ok&=islower(el); return ok; }
inline bool isalpha(const char c){ return std::isalpha(c); }
inline bool isalpha(const std::string &s){ bool ok=1; each(el,s) ok&=isalpha(el); return ok; }
inline bool isdigit(const char c){ return std::isdigit(c); }
inline bool isdigit(const std::string &s){ bool ok=1, neg=s.front()=='-'; each(el,s){ if(neg){ neg=0; continue; } ok&=isdigit(el); } return ok; }
inline bool isalnum(const char c){ return std::isalnum(c); }
inline bool isalnum(const std::string &s){ bool ok=1; each(el,s) ok&=isalnum(el); return ok; }
inline bool isspace(const char c){ return std::isspace(c); }
inline bool isspace(const std::string &s){ bool ok=1; each(el,s) ok&=isspace(el); return ok; }
inline bool ispunct(const char c){ return std::ispunct(c); }
inline bool ispunct(const std::string &s){ bool ok=1; each(el,s) ok&=ispunct(el); return ok; }
inline bool isprint(const char c){ return std::isprint(c); }
inline bool isprint(const std::string &s){ bool ok=1; each(el,s) ok&=isprint(el); return ok; }
inline ll strins(std::string &s, const int id, const std::string &t){ s.insert(id,t); return s.size(); }
inline std::string toupper(std::string s){ each(c,s) c=std::toupper(c); return s; }
inline std::string tolower(std::string s){ each(c,s) c=std::tolower(c); return s; }
inline vi ten_to_adic(ll n, const short base) {
  vi res;
  while(n) {
    res.emplace_back(n%base);
    n/=base;
  }
  return res;
}
inline ll adic_to_ten(const vi &v, const short base) {
  ll res=0;
  each(el,v) {
    res+=Pow<ll>(base,eid(el,v))*el;
  }
  return res;
}
inline std::string to_hex(const ll x) {
  std::stringstream ss;
  ss << std::hex << x;
  std::string s = ss.str();
  //s=toupper(s);
  return s;
}
inline std::string to_oct(const ll x) {
  std::stringstream s;
  s << std::oct <<x;
  return s.str();
}
inline std::string to_bin(const ll x) {
  std::stringstream ss;
  ss<<std::bitset<64>(x);
  std::string s=ss.str();
  std::reverse(all(s));
  s.resize(ten_to_adic(x,2).size());
  std::reverse(all(s));
  return s;
}
inline ll to_ten(const std::string &s, const short base){ return std::stoll(s,nullptr,base); }
inline i128 stoL(const std::string &s) {
  assert(isdigit(s));
  bool neg=s.front()=='-';
  i128 ret = 0;
  each(el,s) {
    if(neg) {
      neg=0;
      continue;
    }
    ret = 10 * ret + el - '0';
  }
  if(s.front()=='-') ret=-ret;
  return ret;
}
template <class... Ts> constexpr ul sygcd(const Ts... a) noexcept { std::vector v=std::initializer_list<std::common_type_t<Ts...>>{a...}; ul g=0; each(el,v) g=std::gcd(g,el); return g; }
template <class... Ts> constexpr ul sylcm(const Ts... a) noexcept { std::vector v=std::initializer_list<std::common_type_t<Ts...>>{a...}; ul l=1; each(el,v) l=std::lcm(l,el); return l; }
template <class... Ts> constexpr auto symin(const Ts... a) noexcept { return std::min(std::initializer_list<std::common_type_t<Ts...>>{a...}); }
template <class... Ts> constexpr auto symax(const Ts... a) noexcept { return std::max(std::initializer_list<std::common_type_t<Ts...>>{a...}); }
template <class K, class U> inline V<K> kyl(const std::map<K,U> &m, const U val) {
  V<K> keys;
  for(auto it=m.cbegin(); it!=m.cend(); ++it) {
    if(it->second==val) keys.emplace_back(it->first);
  }
  return keys;
}
template <class K, class V> inline K kymin(const std::map<K,V> &m){ return m.begin()->first; }
template <class K, class V> inline K kymax(const std::map<K,V> &m){ return m.rbegin()->first; }
template <class K, class V> inline V kymin_v(const std::map<K,V> &m){ return m.begin()->second; }
template <class K, class V> inline V kymax_v(const std::map<K,V> &m){ return m.rbegin()->second; }
template <class K, class V> inline V vlmin(const std::map<K,V> &m){
  const auto pr = *std::min_element(all(m),[](P<K,V> const &x, P<K,V> const &y){ return x.second < y.second; });
  return pr.second;
}
template <class K, class V> inline V vlmax(const std::map<K,V> &m){
  const auto pr = *std::max_element(all(m),[](P<K,V> const &x, P<K,V> const &y){ return x.second < y.second; });
  return pr.second;
}
template <class K, class V> inline K vlmin_k(const std::map<K,V> &m){
  const auto pr = *std::min_element(all(m),[](P<K,V> const &x, P<K,V> const &y){ return x.second < y.second; });
  return pr.first;
}
template <class K, class V> inline K vlmax_k(const std::map<K,V> &m){
  const auto pr = *std::max_element(all(m),[](P<K,V> const &x, P<K,V> const &y){ return x.second < y.second; });
  return pr.first;
}
} // zia qu

namespace Lady_sANDy {
template <class T> inline void rev(T& v){ std::reverse(all(v)); }
template <class T> inline void rev(T& v, const int a, const int b){ std::reverse(all(v,a,b+1)); }
template <class T> inline T revd(const T& v){ auto c=v; rev(c); return c; }
template <class T> inline T revd(const T& v, const int a, const int b){ auto c=v; rev(c,a,b); return c; }
template <class T> inline void Sort(T& v){ std::sort(all(v)); }
template <class T> inline void Sort(T& v, const int a, const int b){ std::sort(all(v,a,b+1)); }
template <class T> inline T sorted(const T& v){ auto c=v; Sort(c); return c; }
template <class T> inline T sorted(const T& v, const int a, const int b){ auto c=v; Sort(c,a,b); return c; }
template <class T> inline void Sortt(T& v){ std::sort(rall(v)); }
template <class T> inline void Sortt(T& v, const int a, const int b){ std::sort(rall(v,v.size()-b-1,v.size()-a)); }
template <class T> inline T Sorted(const T& v){ auto c=v; Sortt(c); return c; }
template <class T> inline T Sorted(const T& v, const int a, const int b){ auto c=v; Sortt(c,a,b); return c; }
template <class T> inline void Sorth(T& v){ std::make_heap(all(v)); std::sort_heap(all(v)); }
template <class T> inline T mrg(const T& a, const T& b){ T res; std::merge(all(a),all(b),std::back_inserter(res)); return res; }
template <class T> inline T Min(const V<T>& v){ return *std::min_element(all(v)); }
template <class T> inline T Min(const V<T>& v, const int a, const int b){ return *std::min_element(all(v,a,b+1)); }
template <class T> inline T Max(const V<T>& v){ return *std::max_element(all(v)); }
template <class T> inline T Max(const V<T>& v, const int a, const int b){ return *std::max_element(all(v,a,b+1)); }
template <class T> inline int Min_i(const T& v){ return std::min_element(all(v))-v.begin(); }
template <class T> inline int Max_i(const T& v){ return std::max_element(all(v))-v.begin(); }
template <class T, class U> inline int LB(const T& v, const U x){ return std::lower_bound(all(v),x)-v.begin(); }
template <class T, class U> inline int UB(const T& v, const U x){ return std::upper_bound(all(v),x)-v.begin(); }
template <class T, class U> inline bool BS(const T& v, const U x){ return std::binary_search(all(v),x); }
template <class T, class U, class Boolean=bool> inline bool BS(const T& v, const U x, const Boolean &fn){ return std::binary_search(all(v),x,fn); }
template <class T, class Boolean=bool> inline bool All(const T& v, const Boolean &fn){ return std::all_of(all(v),fn); }
template <class T, class Boolean=bool> inline bool Exist(const T& v, const Boolean &fn){ return std::any_of(all(v),fn); }
template <class T, class Boolean=bool> inline int pt(T& v, const Boolean &fn){ auto p=std::partition(all(v),fn); return p-v.begin(); }
template <class T, class Boolean=bool> inline int ptp(const T& v, const Boolean &fn){ return std::partition_point(all(v),fn)-v.begin(); }
template <class T, class U> inline int fnd(const T& v, const U x){ auto itr=std::find(all(v),x); return itr!=v.end()?itr-v.begin():-1; }
template <class T> inline int src(const T& s, const T& t){ auto itr=std::search(all(s),all(t)); return itr!=s.end()?itr-s.begin():-1; }
template <class T, class U> inline void rpl(T& v, const U fn, const U r){ std::replace(all(v),fn,r); }
template <class T, class U, class Boolean=bool> inline void rplif(T& v, const Boolean &fn, const U r){ std::replace_if(all(v),fn,r); }
template <class T, class Boolean=bool> inline ul cntif(const T& v, const Boolean &fn){ return std::count_if(all(v),fn); }
template <class T> inline T Count(V<T>& v, ll x){ if(!std::is_sorted(all(v))) Sort(v); return UB(v,x)-LB(v,x); }
template <class T> inline T IP(const V<T>& v, const V<T>& u, T init){ return std::inner_product(all(v),u.begin(),init); }
inline vi iot(int n, ll init=0){ vi a(n); std::iota(all(a),init); return a; }
template <class T, class U, class F> inline V<T> trans(const V<U>& v, const F &fn){ V<T> res; std::transform(all(v),std::back_inserter(res),fn); return res; }
template <class T, class U> inline int ers(T& v, const U x){ v.erase(std::remove(all(v),x),v.end()); return v.size(); }
template <class T, class Boolean=bool> int ersif(T& v, const Boolean &fn){ v.erase(std::remove_if(all(v),fn),v.end()); return v.size(); }
template <class T> inline int unq(T& v){ if(!std::is_sorted(all(v))) Sort(v); v.erase(unique(all(v)),v.end()); return v.size(); }
template <class T> inline T cp(const T& v){ T res; copy(all(v),back_inserter(res)); return res; }
template <class T> inline T cp(const T& v, const int a, const int b){ T res; std::copy(all(v,a,b),std::back_inserter(res)); return res; }
template <class T> inline void rtt(T& s, const int idx){ const int id=zia_qu::Mod<int>(idx,s.size()); std::rotate(all(s,id),s.end()); }
template <class T> inline void rtt(T& s, const int a, const int b, const int c){ std::rotate(all(s,a,b),s.end()-c); }
template <class T> inline T setdif(const T& s, const T& t){ assert(std::is_sorted(all(s))&&std::is_sorted(all(t))); T res; std::set_difference(all(s),all(t),std::inserter(res,std::end(res))); return res; }
template <class T> inline T setsum(const T& s, const T& t){ assert(std::is_sorted(all(s))&&std::is_sorted(all(t))); T res; std::set_union(all(s),all(t),std::inserter(res,std::end(res))); return res; }
template <class T> inline T setmul(const T& s, const T& t){ assert(std::is_sorted(all(s))&&std::is_sorted(all(t))); T res; std::set_intersection(all(s),all(t),std::inserter(res,std::end(res))); return res; }
template <class T> inline V<T> adf(const V<T>& v){ V<T> a; std::adjacent_difference(all(v),std::back_inserter(a)); rtt(a,1); a.pop_back(); return a; }
template <class T, class F> inline V<T> isum(const V<T> &v, const F &fn){ V<T> s{0}; std::inclusive_scan(all(v),std::back_inserter(s),fn); return s; }
template <class T> inline V<T> rext(const V<T>& v, const int size){ V<T> res; std::sample(all(v),std::back_inserter(res),size,Random()); return res; }
template <class T> inline T rext(const V<T>& v){ V<T> res; std::sample(all(v),std::back_inserter(res),1,Random()); return res.front(); }
template <class T> inline ll vsum(const T &v){ return std::accumulate(all(v),0LL); }
template <class T> inline ll vsum(const T &v, ll a, ll b){ return std::accumulate(all(v,a,b),0LL); }
template <class T> inline ld vdsum(const T &v){ return std::accumulate(all(v),0.0L); }
template <class T> inline ld vdsum(const T &v, ll a, ll b){ return std::accumulate(all(v,a,b),0.0L); }
template <class T> inline ll vmul(const T &v){ return std::accumulate(all(v),1LL,[](ll acc,ll i){ return acc*i; }); }
template <class T> inline ll vmul(const T &v, ll a, ll b){ return std::accumulate(all(v,a,b),1LL,[](ll acc,ll i){ return acc*i; }); }
template <class T> inline ld vdmul(const T &v){ return std::accumulate(all(v),1.0L,[](ll acc,ll i){ return acc*i; }); }
template <class T> inline ld vdmul(const T &v, ll a, ll b){ return std::accumulate(all(v,a,b),1.0L,[](ll acc,ll i){ return acc*i; }); }
} // Lady s&y

namespace Heileden {
template <class T> inline V<T> div(const T n) {
  V<T> d;
  sqrp(i,1,n) {
    if(n%i==0) {
      d.emplace_back(i);
      if(i*i!=n) d.emplace_back(n/i);
    }
  }
  Lady_sANDy::Sort(d);
  return d;
}
template <class T> inline V<PP<T>> prmfct(T n) {
  V<PP<T>> res;
  sqrp(i,2,n) {
    if(n%i!=0) continue;
    T tmp=0;
    while(n%i==0) {
      tmp++;
      n/=i;
    }
    res.emplace_back(i,tmp);
  }
  if(n!=1) res.emplace_back(n,1);
  return res;
}
template <class T> inline T euler_phi(T n) {
	T res = n;
	for(T i = 2; i * i <= n; ++i) {
	  if(n % i == 0) {
			res -= res / i;
			while(n % i == 0) {
				n /= i;
			}
		}
	}
	if(n > 1) {
		res -= res / n;
	}
	return res;
}
struct p_table {
  vb SoE;
  p_table(int n): SoE(n+1,1){
    SoE[0]=SoE[1]=0;
    rep(i,2,n) {
      if(!SoE[i]) continue;
      rep(j,i*i,n,i) SoE[j] = 0;
    }
  }
  vi get() {
    vi p;
    rep(i,2,SoE.size()-1) if(SoE[i]) p.emplace_back(i);
    return p;
  }
};
struct p_fact {
  vi spf;
  p_fact(int n): spf(n + 1){
    std::iota(all(spf),0);
    sqrp(i,2,n) {
      if(spf[i]==i) {
        rep(j,i*i,n,i) {
          if(spf[j]==j) spf[j]=i;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  std::map<int,int> get(int n) {
    std::map<int,int> m;
    while(n!=1) {
      m[spf[n]]++;
      n/=spf[n];
    }
    return m;
  }
};
inline ul kthrooti(const ul n, const int k) {
  if(k==1) {
		return n;
	}
	const auto chk=[=](const uint x) {
		ul mul=1;
		rep(k) {
      if(overflow_if_mul(mul, x)) {
        return false;
      }
      mul*=x;
    }
		return mul<=n;
	};
	ul ret=0;
	rvp(32) {
		if(chk(ret|(1U<<i))) {
			ret|=1U<<i;
		}
	}
	return ret;
}
struct p_count {
private:
  ll sq;
  vb prime;
  vi prime_sum, primes;
  ll p2(const ll x, const ll y) {
    if(x < 4) {
      return 0;
    }
    const ll a=pi(y);
    const ll b=pi(kthrooti(x, 2));
    if(a>=b) {
      return 0;
    }
    ll sum=(a-2)*(a+1)/2-(b-2)*(b+1)/2;
    rep(i,a,b-1) {
      sum += pi(x/primes[i]);
    }
    return sum;
  }
  ll phi(const ll m, const ll n) {
    if(m<1) {
      return 0;
    }
    if(n>m) {
      return 1;
    }
    if(n<1) {
      return m;
    }
    if(m<=zia_qu::sqr(primes[n-1])) {
      return pi(m)-n+1;
    }
    if(m<=zia_qu::cub(primes[n-1]) && m <= sq) {
      const ll sx = pi(kthrooti(m, 2));
      ll ans=pi(m)-(sx+n-2)*(sx-n+1)/2;
      rep(i,n,sx-1) {
        ans+=pi(m/primes[i]);
      }
      return ans;
    }
    return phi(m, n-1)-phi(m/primes[n-1], n-1);
  }
public:
  p_count(const ll lim): sq(kthrooti(lim, 2)), prime_sum(sq + 1) {
    prime = p_table(sq).SoE;
    for(int i = 1; i <= sq; ++i) {
      prime_sum[i] = prime_sum[i - 1] + prime[i];
    }
    primes.reserve(prime_sum[sq]);
    for(int i = 1; i <= sq; ++i) {
      if(prime[i]) {
        primes.emplace_back(i);
      }
    }
  }
  ll pi(const ll n) {
    if(n <= sq) {
      return prime_sum[n];
    }
    const ll m = kthrooti(n, 3);
    const ll a = pi(m);
    return phi(n, a) + a - 1 - p2(n, m);
  }
};
struct asum {
private:
  vi s;
public:
  asum(const vi& v): s{0} { std::partial_sum(all(v),back_inserter(s)); }
  vi get() const { return s; }
  // [l, r]
  ll query(int l, int r) const { return s[r]-s[l]; }
};
template <class T> inline T tetration(const T a, const T b, const T m) {
  if(m == 1) {
    return 0;
  }
  if(a == 0) {
    return (b & 1) ? 0 : 1;
  }
  if(b == 0) {
    return 1;
  }
  if(b == 1) {
    return a % m;
  }
  if(b == 2) {
    return zia_qu::Pow(a, a, m);
  }
  const auto phi = euler_phi(m);
  auto tmp = tetration(a, b - 1, phi);
  if(!tmp) {
    tmp += phi;
  }
  return Pow(a, tmp, m);
}
struct phi_table {
private:
  int n;
	std::vector<int> euler;
public:
	phi_table(const int n_): n(n_), euler(n_ + 1) {
		std::iota(euler.begin(), euler.end(), 0);
		for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
			if(euler[i] == i) {
				for(int j = i; j <= n; j += i) {
					euler[j] = euler[j] / i * (i - 1);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	std::vector<int> get() const { return euler; }
	std::vector<long long> acc() const {
		std::vector<long long> ret(n + 1);
		ret[1] = 2;
		for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
			ret[i] = ret[i - 1] + euler[i];
		}
		return ret;
	}
};
template <class T, class Boolean=bool> inline T bins(T ok, T ng, const Boolean &fn, const ld eps = 1) {
  while(std::abs(ok-ng)>eps) {
    T mid=(ok+ng)/2;
    (fn(mid)?ok:ng) = mid;
  }
  return ok;
}
template <class T> inline V<T> press(const V<T>& v) {
  V<T> res,cp=v;
  Lady_sANDy::unq(cp);
  each(el,v) res.emplace_back(Lady_sANDy::LB(cp,el));
  return res;
}
template <class T> inline V<T> press(V<T> &c1, V<T> &c2) {
  V<T> res;
  const int n = c1.size();
  rep(n) {
    for(T d = 0; d < 1; d++) {
      T tc1 = c1[i]+d;
      T tc2 = c2[i]+d;
      res.emplace_back(tc1);
      res.emplace_back(tc2);
    }
  }
  Lady_sANDy::unq(res);
  rep(n) {
    c1[i]=Lady_sANDy::LB(res,c1[i]);
    c2[i]=Lady_sANDy::LB(res,c2[i]);
  }
  return res;
}
inline vs rtt(const vs &s) {
  const int h=s.size(), w=s.front().size();
  vs t(w,std::string(h,{}));
  rep(h) rep(j,w) t[j][i]=s[i][j];
  rep(w) Lady_sANDy::rev(t[i]);
  return t;
}
template <class T> inline V<V<T>> rtt(const V<V<T>>& v) {
  const int h=v.size(), w=v.front().size();
  V<V<T>> res(w,V<T>(h));
  rep(h) rep(j,w) res[j][i]=v[i][j];
  rep(w) Lady_sANDy::rev(res[i]);
  return res;
}
template <class T> inline T factor(T n, const T mod=0) {
  T res=1;
  while(n>0) {
    res*=n--;
    if(mod) res%=mod;
  }
  return res;
}
template <class T=ll> inline T perm(T n, const T r, const T mod=0) {
  const T tmp=n;
  T res=1;
  while(n>tmp-r) {
    res*=n--;
    if(mod) res%=mod;
  }
  return res;
}
template <class T=ll> inline T binom(T n, const T r, const T mod=0) {
  if(r < 0 || n < r) return 0;
  T res = 1;
  rep(i,1,r) {
    res*=n--;
    if(mod) res%=mod;
    res/=i;
    if(mod) res%=mod;
  }
  return res;
}
inline bool is_prime(const ul n) {
  if(n==1) return 0;
  sqrp(i,2,n) if(n%i==0) return 0;
  return 1;
}
inline bool is_int(const ld n){ ll r=std::floor(n); return r==n; }
inline bool is_sqr(const ll n){ return is_int(std::sqrt(n)); }
} // Heileden
#line 2 "/home/wa_haya_exe/CP_Library/C++/Matrix.hpp"

// inspired by Luzhiled( https://ei1333.github.io/luzhiled/snippets/math/matrix.html )
#line 7 "/home/wa_haya_exe/CP_Library/C++/Matrix.hpp"
template <class T> struct Matrix {
private:
    const size_t h, w;
    std::vector<std::vector<T>> mat;
public:
    Matrix(const size_t n): h(n), w(n), mat(h, std::vector<T>(w)){}
    Matrix(const size_t h, const size_t w): h(h), w(w), mat(h, std::vector<T>(w)){}
    Matrix(const std::vector<std::vector<T>> &m): h(m.size()), w(m[0].size()), mat(h, std::vector<T>(w)) {
        for(size_t i = 0; i < m.size(); ++i) {
            for(size_t j = 0; j < m[0].size(); ++j) {
                mat[i][j] = m[i][j];
            }
        }
    }
    static Matrix E(const size_t n) {
        Matrix m(n);
        for(size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            m[i][i] = 1;
        }
        return m;
    }
    std::vector<std::vector<T>> get() const { return mat; }
    inline const std::vector<T> &operator[](const size_t i) const { return mat[i]; }
    inline std::vector<T> &operator[](const size_t i){ return mat[i]; }
    Matrix &operator+=(const Matrix &m) {
        assert(h == m.h && m == m.w);
        for(int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
            for(int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
                (*this)[i][j] += m[i][j];
            }
        }            
        return *this;
    }
    Matrix &operator-=(const Matrix &m) {
        assert(h == m.h && m == m.w);
        for(int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
            for(int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
                (*this)[i][j] -= m[i][j];
            }
        }
        return *this;
    }
    Matrix &operator*=(const Matrix &m) {
        assert(w == m.h);
        std::vector<std::vector<T>> mt(h, std::vector<T>(m.w));
        for(size_t i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
            for(size_t j = 0; j < m.w; ++j) {
                for(size_t k = 0; k < w; ++k) {
                    mt[i][j] += (*this)[i][k] * m[k][j];
                }
            }
        }
        mat.swap(mt);
        return *this;
    }
    Matrix &operator^=(long long k) {
        Matrix m = Matrix::E(h);
        while(k > 0) {
            if(k & 1) {
                m *= *this;
            }
            *this *= *this;
            k >>= 1LL;
        }
        mat.swap(m.mat);
        return *this;
    }
    bool operator==(const Matrix &m) const {
        if(h != m.h || w != m.w) {
            return false;
        }
        for(size_t i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
            for(size_t j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
                if((*this)[i][j] != m[i][j]) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    Matrix operator+(const Matrix &m) const { return Matrix(*this) += m; }
    Matrix operator-(const Matrix &m) const { return Matrix(*this) -= m; }
    Matrix operator*(const Matrix &m) const { return Matrix(*this) *= m; }
    Matrix operator^(const long long k) const { return Matrix(*this) ^= k; }
    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Matrix &m) {
        for(size_t i = 0; i < m.h; ++i) {
            os << '[' << m[i][0];
            for(size_t j = 0; ++j < m.w;) {
                os << ' ' << m[i][j];
            }
            os << ']';
            if(i + 1 < m.h) {
                os << '\n';
            }
        }
        return os;
    }
};
#line 6 "code.cpp"

using namespace std;
using namespace zia_qu;
using namespace Lady_sANDy;
using namespace Heileden;

int main() {
	VvyLw::wa_haya_exe();
	now(start);
	int T=1;
	//in(T);
	while(T--) VvyLw::solve();
	now(stop);
	time(start, stop);
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


void VvyLw::solve() {
    WEC(ll,m,2,2);
    Matrix M(m);
    vout((M^3).get());
}