#line 1 "template/template.hpp" #include #define rep(i, a, n) for (int i = (int)(a); i < (int)(n); i++) #define rrep(i, a, n) for (int i = ((int)(n)-1); i >= (int)(a); i--) #define Rep(i, a, n) for (i64 i = (i64)(a); i < (i64)(n); i++) #define RRep(i, a, n) for (i64 i = ((i64)(n)-i64(1)); i >= (i64)(a); i--) #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define rall(v) (v).rbegin(), (v).rend() #line 2 "template/debug_template.hpp" #line 4 "template/debug_template.hpp" namespace ebi { #ifdef LOCAL #define debug(...) \ std::cerr << "LINE: " << __LINE__ << " [" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", \ debug_out(__VA_ARGS__) #else #define debug(...) #endif void debug_out() { std::cerr << std::endl; } template void debug_out(Head h, Tail... t) { std::cerr << " " << h; if (sizeof...(t) > 0) std::cerr << " :"; debug_out(t...); } } // namespace ebi #line 2 "template/int_alias.hpp" #line 4 "template/int_alias.hpp" namespace ebi { using ld = long double; using std::size_t; using i8 = std::int8_t; using u8 = std::uint8_t; using i16 = std::int16_t; using u16 = std::uint16_t; using i32 = std::int32_t; using u32 = std::uint32_t; using i64 = std::int64_t; using u64 = std::uint64_t; using i128 = __int128_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; } // namespace ebi #line 2 "template/io.hpp" #line 5 "template/io.hpp" #include #line 7 "template/io.hpp" namespace ebi { template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair &pa) { return os << pa.first << " " << pa.second; } template std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &os, std::pair &pa) { return os >> pa.first >> pa.second; } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector &vec) { for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) os << vec[i] << (i + 1 == vec.size() ? "" : " "); return os; } template std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &os, std::vector &vec) { for (T &e : vec) std::cin >> e; return os; } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::optional &opt) { if (opt) { os << opt.value(); } else { os << "invalid value"; } return os; } void fast_io() { std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(15); std::cin.tie(nullptr); std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); } } // namespace ebi #line 2 "template/utility.hpp" #line 5 "template/utility.hpp" #line 7 "template/utility.hpp" namespace ebi { template inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } template inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } template T safe_ceil(T a, T b) { if (a % b == 0) return a / b; else if (a >= 0) return (a / b) + 1; else return -((-a) / b); } template T safe_floor(T a, T b) { if (a % b == 0) return a / b; else if (a >= 0) return a / b; else return -((-a) / b) - 1; } constexpr i64 LNF = std::numeric_limits::max() / 4; constexpr int INF = std::numeric_limits::max() / 2; const std::vector dy = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1}; const std::vector dx = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1}; } // namespace ebi #line 2 "a.cpp" #include #include #line 2 "modint/base.hpp" #include #line 6 "modint/base.hpp" namespace ebi { template concept Modint = requires(T a, T b) { a + b; a - b; a * b; a / b; a.inv(); a.val(); a.pow(std::declval()); T::mod(); }; template std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &os, mint &a) { long long x; os >> x; a = x; return os; } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const mint &a) { return os << a.val(); } } // namespace ebi #line 2 "convolution/online_convolution.hpp" #line 5 "convolution/online_convolution.hpp" #include #line 7 "convolution/online_convolution.hpp" #line 9 "convolution/online_convolution.hpp" namespace ebi { struct online_convolution { private: using mint = atcoder::modint998244353; public: online_convolution() = default; mint add(int idx, mint ai, mint bi) { assert(p == idx); a.emplace_back(ai); b.emplace_back(bi); int z = std::countr_zero(u32(p + 2)), w = 1 << z; if (p + 2 == w) { auto a0 = a; a0.resize(2 * w); atcoder::internal::butterfly(a0); fa.emplace_back(a0.begin(), a0.begin() + w); auto b0 = b; b0.resize(2 * w); atcoder::internal::butterfly(b0); fb.emplace_back(b0.begin(), b0.begin() + w); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * w; i++) a0[i] *= b0[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(a0); mint inv_len = mint(2 * w).inv(); c.resize(2 * p + 2); for (int i = 0; i < p + 1; i++) c[p + i] += a0[p + i] * inv_len; } else { std::vector a0 = {a.end() - w, a.end()}; a0.resize(2 * w); atcoder::internal::butterfly(a0); std::vector b0 = {b.end() - w, b.end()}; b0.resize(2 * w); atcoder::internal::butterfly(b0); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * w; i++) { a0[i] = a0[i] * fb[z][i] + fa[z][i] * b0[i]; } atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(a0); mint inv_len = mint(2 * w).inv(); for (int i = 0; i < w; i++) c[p + i] += a0[w - 1 + i] * inv_len; } return c[p++]; } mint operator[](int i) const { assert(0 <= i && i < p); return c[i]; } private: int p = 0; std::vector a, b, c; std::vector> fa, fb; }; } // namespace ebi #line 2 "math/binomial.hpp" #line 6 "math/binomial.hpp" #include #line 8 "math/binomial.hpp" #line 10 "math/binomial.hpp" namespace ebi { template struct Binomial { private: static void extend(int len = -1) { int sz = (int)fact.size(); if (len < 0) len = 2 * sz; else len = std::max(2 * sz, (int)std::bit_ceil(std::uint32_t(len))); len = std::min(len, mint::mod()); assert(sz <= len); fact.resize(len); inv_fact.resize(len); for (int i : std::views::iota(sz, len)) { fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i; } inv_fact[len - 1] = fact[len - 1].inv(); for (int i : std::views::iota(sz, len) | std::views::reverse) { inv_fact[i - 1] = inv_fact[i] * i; } } public: Binomial() = default; Binomial(int n) { extend(n + 1); } static mint f(int n) { if (n >= (int)fact.size()) [[unlikely]] { extend(n + 1); } return fact[n]; } static mint inv_f(int n) { if (n >= (int)fact.size()) [[unlikely]] { extend(n + 1); } return inv_fact[n]; } static mint c(int n, int r) { if (r < 0 || n < r) return 0; return f(n) * inv_f(r) * inv_f(n - r); } static mint p(int n, int r) { if (r < 0 || n < r) return 0; return f(n) * inv_f(n - r); } static mint inv(int n) { return inv_f(n) * f(n - 1); } static void reserve(int n) { extend(n + 1); } private: static std::vector fact, inv_fact; }; template std::vector Binomial::fact = std::vector(2, 1); template std::vector Binomial::inv_fact = std::vector(2, 1); } // namespace ebi #line 9 "a.cpp" namespace ebi { using mint = atcoder::modint998244353; void main_() { const int max = 100'010; Binomial binom(max); int n; std::cin >> n; std::vector a(n); std::cin >> a; std::vector table(max, 0); rep(i,0,n) table[a[i]]++; online_convolution oc; mint ans = 0; rep(i,0,max) { mint ret = binom.inv_f(i); if(i > 0) ret += oc[i-1]; ret *= mint(2).pow(table[i]) - 1; ans += ret * binom.f(i); oc.add(i, binom.inv_f(i+1), ret); } std::cout << ans << '\n'; } } // namespace ebi int main() { ebi::fast_io(); int t = 1; // std::cin >> t; while (t--) { ebi::main_(); } return 0; }