import random import math N = int(input()) # カードの枚数 A = [0] * N # 各カードの表面の数値 B = [0] * N # 各カードの裏面の数値 for i in range(N): A[i], B[i] = map(int, input().split()) # 目標値 target = 5 * 10**17 # 初期温度、終了温度、冷却率 T0 = 1000 Tf = 1 alpha = 0.99 def evaluate(A, B, target): """評価関数:カード1の表裏の数値と目標値との差の絶対値の和""" return abs(A[0] - target) + abs(B[0] - target) def simulated_annealing(A, B, T0, Tf, alpha, max_operations=50): operations = [] T = T0 current_score = evaluate(A, B, target) while T > Tf and len(operations) < max_operations: # ランダムに2枚のカードを選択 u, v = random.sample(range(N), 2) # 操作を試みる new_A_u, new_A_v = (A[u] + A[v]) // 2, (A[u] + A[v]) // 2 new_B_u, new_B_v = (B[u] + B[v]) // 2, (B[u] + B[v]) // 2 # 一時的に更新 A[u], A[v], B[u], B[v] = new_A_u, new_A_v, new_B_u, new_B_v new_score = evaluate(A, B, target) delta = new_score - current_score if delta < 0 or random.random() < math.exp(-delta / T): # 更新を確定 current_score = new_score operations.append((u+1, v+1)) else: # 更新を取り消し A[u], A[v], B[u], B[v] = A[u], A[v], B[u], B[v] # 温度の更新 T *= alpha return operations operations = simulated_annealing(A, B, T0, Tf, alpha) # 出力 print(len(operations)) for u, v in operations: print(u, v)