using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using static System.Math; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.Globalization; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using Library; namespace Program { public static class ProblemA { static bool SAIKI = false; static public int numberOfRandomCases = 0; static public void MakeTestCase(List _input, List _output, ref Func _outputChecker) { } static public void Solve() { var N = (int)NN; var startTime = DateTime.Now; var AB = Range(0, N).Select(_ => new { idx = _, A = NN, B = NN }).ToArray(); const long TGT = 500000000000000000; var operateList = new List<(int a, int b)>(); var randomIdxList = Range(0, N).OrderByRand().ToArray(); var randomIdxNextPickIdx = 0; Func randomPick = () => { var ret = randomIdxList[randomIdxNextPickIdx]; if (++randomIdxNextPickIdx == N) randomIdxNextPickIdx = 0; return ret; }; for (var i = 0; i < 40; ++i) { var a = randomPick(); var b = randomPick(); if (a == b) b = randomPick(); operateList.Add((a, b)); } Func<(double score, (int a, int b)[] added)> calcScoreFull = () => { var tmp = new (long a, long b)[N]; for (var i = 0; i < N; ++i) { tmp[i].a = AB[i].A; tmp[i].b = AB[i].B; } foreach (var item in operateList) { var newa = (tmp[item.a].a + tmp[item.b].a) / 2; var newb = (tmp[item.a].b + tmp[item.b].b) / 2; tmp[item.a].a = tmp[item.b].a = newa; tmp[item.a].b = tmp[item.b].b = newb; } var lastOpe = 50 - operateList.Count; var addOpe = new List<(int a, int b)>(); var nowScore = Log10(Max(Abs(TGT - tmp[0].a), Abs(TGT - tmp[0].b)) + 1); for (var i = 0; i < lastOpe; ++i) { var minScore = nowScore; var minIdx = -1; for (var j = 1; j < N; ++j) { var newa = (tmp[0].a + tmp[j].a) / 2; var newb = (tmp[0].b + tmp[j].b) / 2; var thisScore = Log10(Max(Abs(TGT - newa), Abs(TGT - newb)) + 1); if (minScore > thisScore) { minScore = thisScore; minIdx = j; } } if (minIdx == -1) break; addOpe.Add((0, minIdx)); tmp[0].a = tmp[minIdx].a = (tmp[0].a + tmp[minIdx].a) / 2; tmp[0].b = tmp[minIdx].b = (tmp[0].b + tmp[minIdx].b) / 2; nowScore = minScore; } return (nowScore, addOpe.ToArray()); }; var score = calcScoreFull().score; var TIME_LIMIT = 900; var startTemp = 1.0; var endTemp = 0.0; var loopCnt = 0; while (true) { ++loopCnt; //if (loopCnt % 1000 == 0) { //Console.Error.WriteLine($"score:{score}"); } var elapsed = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalMilliseconds; if (elapsed > TIME_LIMIT) break; var temp = startTemp + (endTemp - startTemp) * elapsed / TIME_LIMIT; var kakuritu = xorshift % 100; if (kakuritu < 20) { // add if (operateList.Count == 50) continue; var a = randomPick(); var b = randomPick(); if (a == b) b = randomPick(); var pos = (int)(xorshift % (operateList.Count + 1)); operateList.Insert(pos, (a, b)); var newScore = calcScoreFull().score; var diff = newScore - score; var prob = Exp(-diff / temp); if (prob * 10000000 > xorshift % 10000000) { score = newScore; } else { operateList.RemoveAt(pos); } } else if (kakuritu < 40) { // remove if (operateList.Count == 0) continue; var pos = (int)(xorshift % operateList.Count); var removed = operateList[pos]; operateList.RemoveAt(pos); var newScore = calcScoreFull().score; var diff = newScore - score; var prob = Exp(-diff / temp); if (prob * 10000000 > xorshift % 10000000) { score = newScore; } else { operateList.Insert(pos, removed); } } else if (kakuritu < 40) { // swap if (operateList.Count < 2) continue; var pos1 = (int)(xorshift % operateList.Count); var pos2 = (int)(xorshift % (operateList.Count - 1)); if (pos1 == pos2) ++pos2; var old1 = operateList[pos1]; var old2 = operateList[pos2]; operateList[pos1] = old2; operateList[pos2] = old1; var newScore = calcScoreFull().score; var diff = newScore - score; var prob = Exp(-diff / temp); if (prob * 10000000 > xorshift % 10000000) { score = newScore; } else { operateList[pos1] = old1; operateList[pos2] = old2; } } else { // change if (operateList.Count == 0) continue; var a = randomPick(); var b = randomPick(); if (a == b) b = randomPick(); var pos = (int)(xorshift % operateList.Count); var old = operateList[pos]; operateList[pos] = (a, b); var newScore = calcScoreFull().score; var diff = newScore - score; var prob = Exp(-diff / temp); if (prob * 10000000 > xorshift % 10000000) { score = newScore; } else { operateList[pos] = old; } } } operateList.AddRange(calcScoreFull().added); Console.WriteLine(operateList.Count); foreach (var item in operateList) { Console.WriteLine($"{item.a + 1} {item.b + 1}"); } } class Printer : StreamWriter { public override IFormatProvider FormatProvider { get { return CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; } } public Printer(Stream stream) : base(stream, new UTF8Encoding(false, true)) { base.AutoFlush = false; } public Printer(Stream stream, Encoding encoding) : base(stream, encoding) { base.AutoFlush = false; } } static LIB_FastIO fastio = new LIB_FastIODebug(); static string[] args; static public void Main(string[] args_t) { args = args_t; if (args_t.Length == 0) { fastio = new LIB_FastIO(); Console.SetOut(new Printer(Console.OpenStandardOutput())); } if (SAIKI) { var t = new Thread(Solve, 134217728); t.Start(); t.Join(); } else Solve(); Console.Out.Flush(); } static long NN => fastio.Long(); static double ND => fastio.Double(); static string NS => fastio.Scan(); static long[] NNList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => NN).ToArray(); static double[] NDList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => ND).ToArray(); static string[] NSList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => NS).ToArray(); static long Count(this IEnumerable x, Func pred) => Enumerable.Count(x, pred); static IEnumerable Repeat(T v, long n) => Enumerable.Repeat(v, (int)n); static IEnumerable Range(long s, long c) => Enumerable.Range((int)s, (int)c); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderByRand(this IEnumerable x) => Enumerable.OrderBy(x, _ => xorshift); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderBy(this IEnumerable x) => Enumerable.OrderBy(x.OrderByRand(), e => e); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderBy(this IEnumerable x, Func selector) => Enumerable.OrderBy(x.OrderByRand(), selector); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderByDescending(this IEnumerable x) => Enumerable.OrderByDescending(x.OrderByRand(), e => e); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderByDescending(this IEnumerable x, Func selector) => Enumerable.OrderByDescending(x.OrderByRand(), selector); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderBy(this IEnumerable x) => x.OrderByRand().OrderBy(e => e, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderBy(this IEnumerable x, Func selector) => x.OrderByRand().OrderBy(selector, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderByDescending(this IEnumerable x) => x.OrderByRand().OrderByDescending(e => e, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); static IOrderedEnumerable OrderByDescending(this IEnumerable x, Func selector) => x.OrderByRand().OrderByDescending(selector, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); static string Join(this IEnumerable x, string separator = "") => string.Join(separator, x); static uint xorshift { get { _xsi.MoveNext(); return _xsi.Current; } } static IEnumerator _xsi = _xsc(); static IEnumerator _xsc() { uint x = 123456789, y = 362436069, z = 521288629, w = (uint)(DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0xffffffff); while (true) { var t = x ^ (x << 11); x = y; y = z; z = w; w = (w ^ (w >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)); yield return w; } } static bool Chmax(this ref T lhs, T rhs) where T : struct, IComparable { if (lhs.CompareTo(rhs) < 0) { lhs = rhs; return true; } return false; } static bool Chmin(this ref T lhs, T rhs) where T : struct, IComparable { if (lhs.CompareTo(rhs) > 0) { lhs = rhs; return true; } return false; } static void Fill(this T[] array, T value) => array.AsSpan().Fill(value); static void Fill(this T[,] array, T value) => MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[0, 0], array.Length).Fill(value); static void Fill(this T[,,] array, T value) => MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[0, 0, 0], array.Length).Fill(value); static void Fill(this T[,,,] array, T value) => MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[0, 0, 0, 0], array.Length).Fill(value); } } namespace Library { class LIB_FastIO { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public LIB_FastIO() { str = Console.OpenStandardInput(); } readonly Stream str; readonly byte[] buf = new byte[2048]; int len, ptr; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] byte read() { if (ptr >= len) { ptr = 0; if ((len = str.Read(buf, 0, 2048)) <= 0) { return 0; } } return buf[ptr++]; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] char Char() { byte b = 0; do b = read(); while (b < 33 || 126 < b); return (char)b; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] virtual public string Scan() { var sb = new StringBuilder(); for (var b = Char(); b >= 33 && b <= 126; b = (char)read()) sb.Append(b); return sb.ToString(); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] virtual public long Long() { long ret = 0; byte b = 0; var ng = false; do b = read(); while (b != '-' && (b < '0' || '9' < b)); if (b == '-') { ng = true; b = read(); } for (; true; b = read()) { if (b < '0' || '9' < b) return ng ? -ret : ret; else ret = (ret << 3) + (ret << 1) + b - '0'; } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] virtual public double Double() { return double.Parse(Scan(), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); } } class LIB_FastIODebug : LIB_FastIO { Queue param = new Queue(); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] string NextString() { if (param.Count == 0) foreach (var item in Console.ReadLine().Split(' ')) param.Enqueue(item); return param.Dequeue(); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public LIB_FastIODebug() { } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public override string Scan() => NextString(); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public override long Long() => long.Parse(NextString()); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public override double Double() => double.Parse(NextString()); } }