#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;using vst = vector<string>;using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;using pll = pair<ll,ll>;using vll = vector<ll>;using vvll = vector<vll>;
using vpll = vector<pll>;
#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define repp(i,k,n) for (ll i = k; i < n; i++)
#define per(i,s,e) for(ll i = s; i >= e; i--)
#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
#define no() {cout << "No" << endl; return 0;}
#define yes(){cout << "Yes" << endl;return 0;}
#define yesno(a) a ? cout << "Yes" << endl : cout << "No" << endl
#define YESNO(a) a ? cout << "YES" << endl : cout << "NO" << endl
#define MODD 998244353LL
#define MOD 1000000007LL
#define UNOmap unordered_map
#define UNOset unordered_set
#define ASC(T) T,vector<T>,greater<T>
#define join(G,a,b) G[a].push_back(b);G[b].push_back(a);
#define PB(a,b) a.push_back(b)
template<class... T>void in(T&... a){(cin >> ... >> a);}
template<class T, class... Ts>void out(const T& a, const Ts&... b){cout << a;((cout << ' ' <<  b), ...);cout << '\n';}
void vin(vll &v){for(ll i = 0; i < (ll)v.size(); i++)in(v[i]);}
void vout(vll &v){for(ll i = 0; i < (ll)v.size(); i++) cout << v[i] << ' ';cout << "\n";}
ll INF = 1LL << 62;

// #include<boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>
// using namespace boost::multiprecision;

// using mint = modint998244353;
// using mint = modint1000000007;
// using mint = modint;


// cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
//----------------------------------------------



ll count(ll x){
  ll ok = 0;
  ll ng = x+10;
  while(ng-ok > 1){
    ll mid = (ng+ok)/2;
    ld m = mid;
    if(m*m >= 1e16){
      ng = mid;
      continue;
    }
    if(mid*mid <= x){
      ok = mid;
    }
    else ng = mid;
  }
  
  ll res = ok;
  
  ok = 0;
  ng = x+10;
  while(ng-ok > 1){
    ll mid = (ng+ok)/2;
    ld m = mid;
    if(2*m*m >= 1e16){
      ng = mid;
      continue;
    }
    
    if(2*mid*mid <= x){
      ok = mid;
    }
    else ng = mid;
  }
  res += ok;
  return res;
}



int main(){
  ll T;
  in(T);
  rep(test,T){
    ll L,R;
    in(L,R);
    ll a = count(R);
    ll b = count(L-1);
    out((a-b) % 2);
  }
  
}