#ifndef HIDDEN_IN_VS // 折りたたみ用 // 警告の抑制 #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS // ライブラリの読み込み #include using namespace std; // 型名の短縮 using ll = long long; using ull = unsigned long long; // -2^63 ~ 2^63 = 9 * 10^18(int は -2^31 ~ 2^31 = 2 * 10^9) using pii = pair; using pll = pair; using pil = pair; using pli = pair; using vi = vector; using vvi = vector; using vvvi = vector; using vvvvi = vector; using vl = vector; using vvl = vector; using vvvl = vector; using vvvvl = vector; using vb = vector; using vvb = vector; using vvvb = vector; using vc = vector; using vvc = vector; using vvvc = vector; using vd = vector; using vvd = vector; using vvvd = vector; template using priority_queue_rev = priority_queue, greater>; using Graph = vvi; // 定数の定義 const double PI = acos(-1); int DX[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0}; // 4 近傍(下,右,上,左) int DY[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1}; int INF = 1001001001; ll INFL = 4004004003094073385LL; // (int)INFL = INF, (int)(-INFL) = -INF; // 入出力高速化 struct fast_io { fast_io() { cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(18); } } fastIOtmp; // 汎用マクロの定義 #define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end() #define sz(x) ((int)(x).size()) #define lbpos(a, x) (int)distance((a).begin(), std::lower_bound(all(a), x)) #define ubpos(a, x) (int)distance((a).begin(), std::upper_bound(all(a), x)) #define Yes(b) {cout << ((b) ? "Yes\n" : "No\n");} #define rep(i, n) for(int i = 0, i##_len = int(n); i < i##_len; ++i) // 0 から n-1 まで昇順 #define repi(i, s, t) for(int i = int(s), i##_end = int(t); i <= i##_end; ++i) // s から t まで昇順 #define repir(i, s, t) for(int i = int(s), i##_end = int(t); i >= i##_end; --i) // s から t まで降順 #define repe(v, a) for(const auto& v : (a)) // a の全要素(変更不可能) #define repea(v, a) for(auto& v : (a)) // a の全要素(変更可能) #define repb(set, d) for(int set = 0, set##_ub = 1 << int(d); set < set##_ub; ++set) // d ビット全探索(昇順) #define repis(i, set) for(int i = lsb(set), bset##i = set; i >= 0; bset##i -= 1 << i, i = lsb(bset##i)) // set の全要素(昇順) #define repp(a) sort(all(a)); for(bool a##_perm = true; a##_perm; a##_perm = next_permutation(all(a))) // a の順列全て(昇順) #define uniq(a) {sort(all(a)); (a).erase(unique(all(a)), (a).end());} // 重複除去 #define EXIT(a) {cout << (a) << endl; exit(0);} // 強制終了 #define inQ(x, y, u, l, d, r) ((u) <= (x) && (l) <= (y) && (x) < (d) && (y) < (r)) // 半開矩形内判定 // 汎用関数の定義 template inline ll powi(T n, int k) { ll v = 1; rep(i, k) v *= n; return v; } template inline bool chmax(T& M, const T& x) { if (M < x) { M = x; return true; } return false; } // 最大値を更新(更新されたら true を返す) template inline bool chmin(T& m, const T& x) { if (m > x) { m = x; return true; } return false; } // 最小値を更新(更新されたら true を返す) template inline T getb(T set, int i) { return (set >> i) & T(1); } template inline T smod(T n, T m) { n %= m; if (n < 0) n += m; return n; } // 非負mod // 演算子オーバーロード template inline istream& operator>>(istream& is, pair& p) { is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } template inline istream& operator>>(istream& is, vector& v) { repea(x, v) is >> x; return is; } template inline vector& operator--(vector& v) { repea(x, v) --x; return v; } template inline vector& operator++(vector& v) { repea(x, v) ++x; return v; } #endif // 折りたたみ用 #if __has_include() #include using namespace atcoder; #ifdef _MSC_VER #include "localACL.hpp" #endif //using mint = modint1000000007; using mint = modint998244353; //using mint = modint; // mint::set_mod(m); namespace atcoder { inline istream& operator>>(istream& is, mint& x) { ll x_; is >> x_; x = x_; return is; } inline ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const mint& x) { os << x.val(); return os; } } using vm = vector; using vvm = vector; using vvvm = vector; using vvvvm = vector; using pim = pair; #endif #ifdef _MSC_VER // 手元環境(Visual Studio) #include "local.hpp" #else // 提出用(gcc) inline int popcount(int n) { return __builtin_popcount(n); } inline int popcount(ll n) { return __builtin_popcountll(n); } inline int lsb(int n) { return n != 0 ? __builtin_ctz(n) : -1; } inline int lsb(ll n) { return n != 0 ? __builtin_ctzll(n) : -1; } inline int msb(int n) { return n != 0 ? (31 - __builtin_clz(n)) : -1; } inline int msb(ll n) { return n != 0 ? (63 - __builtin_clzll(n)) : -1; } #define dump(...) #define dumpel(v) #define dump_list(v) #define dump_mat(v) #define input_from_file(f) #define output_to_file(f) #endif //【グラフの入力】O(n + m) /* * (始点, 終点) の組からなる入力を受け取り,n 頂点 m 辺のグラフを構築して返す. * * n : グラフの頂点の数 * m : グラフの辺の数(省略すれば n-1) * directed : 有向グラフか(省略すれば false) * zero_indexed : 入力が 0-indexed か(省略すれば false) */ Graph read_Graph(int n, int m = -1, bool directed = false, bool zero_indexed = false) { // verify : https://atcoder.jp/contests/tessoku-book/tasks/tessoku_book_bi Graph g(n); if (m == -1) m = n - 1; rep(j, m) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; if (!zero_indexed) { --a; --b; } g[a].push_back(b); if (!directed && a != b) g[b].push_back(a); } return g; } //【グラフ → 隣接行列】O(n^2) /* * 有向グラフ g の 0-1 隣接行列 adj[0..n)[0..n) を返す. */ vvi adjacency_matrix(const Graph& g) { int n = sz(g); vvi adj(n, vi(n)); rep(s, n) repe(t, g[s]) adj[s][t] = 1; return adj; } void TLE() { int n, m, k; cin >> n >> m >> k; auto g = read_Graph(n, m); auto a = adjacency_matrix(g); // (from, to, seen) → cnt map, mint> dp; rep(v, n) { vi c(n); c[v] = 1; dp[{v, v, c}] = 1; } function rf = [&](int s, int t, vi c) { if (dp.count({ s, t, c })) return dp[{s, t, c}]; if (c[t] == 0) return mint(0); mint res = 0; c[t]--; rep(v, n) { if (a[v][t] == 0) continue; res += rf(s, v, c); } c[t]++; return dp[{s, t, c}] = res; }; vi c_all(n, k); mint res = 0; rep(s, n) rep(t, n) res += rf(s, t, c_all); // dumpel(dp); cout << res << endl; } void TLE2() { int n, m, k; cin >> n >> m >> k; auto g = read_Graph(n, m); auto a = adjacency_matrix(g); // (from, to, seen) → cnt map, mint> dp; rep(v, n) { array vvc; vvc[0] = vvc[1] = v; repi(i, 2, 2 + n - 1) vvc[i] = 0; vvc[2 + v] = 1; dp[vvc] = 1; } function)> rf = [&](array stc) { if (dp.count(stc)) return dp[stc]; int t = stc[1]; if (stc[2 + t] == 0) return mint(0); mint res = 0; stc[2 + t]--; rep(v, n) { if (a[v][t] == 0) continue; auto svc(stc); svc[1] = v; res += rf(svc); } stc[2 + t]++; return dp[stc] = res; }; vi c_all(n, k); mint res = 0; rep(s, n) rep(t, n) { array stc; stc[0] = s; stc[1] = t; repi(i, 2, 2 + n - 1) stc[i] = k; res += rf(stc); } // dumpel(dp); cout << res << endl; } //【ハッシュ(unordered 用)】 /* * unordered_set[map] の第二[三] 引数に Hash を渡して使う. */ struct Hash { // 参考 : https://qiita.com/ganyariya/items/df35d253726269bda436 // verify : https://yukicoder.me/problems/no/1648 // pair の場合の例 size_t operator()(const array& p) const { size_t seed = 0; rep(i, 8) seed ^= hash{}(p[i]) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2); return seed; } }; void TLE3() { int n, m, k; cin >> n >> m >> k; auto g = read_Graph(n, m); auto a = adjacency_matrix(g); // (from, to, seen) → cnt unordered_map, mint, Hash> dp; rep(v, n) { array vvc; vvc[0] = vvc[1] = v; repi(i, 2, 2 + n - 1) vvc[i] = 0; vvc[2 + v] = 1; dp[vvc] = 1; } function)> rf = [&](array stc) { if (dp.count(stc)) return dp[stc]; int t = stc[1]; if (stc[2 + t] == 0) return mint(0); mint res = 0; stc[2 + t]--; rep(v, n) { if (a[v][t] == 0) continue; auto svc(stc); svc[1] = v; res += rf(svc); } stc[2 + t]++; return dp[stc] = res; }; vi c_all(n, k); mint res = 0; rep(s, n) rep(t, n) { array stc; stc[0] = s; stc[1] = t; repi(i, 2, 2 + n - 1) stc[i] = k; res += rf(stc); } // dumpel(dp); cout << res << endl; } //【数 → 混合基数表示】 /* * 最下位を 0 桁目とし,[0..n) 桁目が b[0..n) 未満の非負整数で与えられる混合基数について, * 値 val を混合基数表示したときの i 桁目の数字を d[i] に格納し d[0..n) を返す. */ template vector mixed_radix_form(const vector& b, ll val) { // verify : https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc231/tasks/abc231_e int n = sz(b); vector d(n); rep(i, n) { d[i] = (T)(val % b[i]); val /= b[i]; } return d; } //【混合基数表示 → 数】 /* * 最下位を 0 桁目とし,[0..n) 桁目が b[0..n) 未満の非負整数で与えられる混合基数について, * i 桁目の数字が d[i] である混合基数表示 d[0..n) で表される値を返す. */ template ll from_mixed_radix_form(const vector& b, const vector& d) { int n = sz(b); ll val = 0; ll w = 1; rep(i, n) { val += w * d[i]; w *= b[i]; } return val; } int main() { // input_from_file("input.txt"); // output_to_file("output.txt"); int n, m, k; cin >> n >> m >> k; auto g = read_Graph(n, m); auto a = adjacency_matrix(g); vi B{ n, n }; rep(i, n) B.push_back(k + 1); // (from, to, seen) → cnt vm dp(19131876, -1); vb seen(19131876); rep(v, n) { vi vvc(2 + n); vvc[0] = vvc[1] = v; vvc[2 + v] = 1; int id = from_mixed_radix_form(B, vvc); dp[id] = 1; seen[id] = true; } function rf = [&](int id) { if (seen[id]) return dp[id]; auto stc = mixed_radix_form(B, id); int t = stc[1]; if (stc[2 + t] == 0) return mint(0); mint res = 0; stc[2 + t]--; rep(v, n) { if (a[v][t] == 0) continue; auto svc(stc); svc[1] = v; int nid = from_mixed_radix_form(B, svc); res += rf(nid); } stc[2 + t]++; dp[id] = res; seen[id] = true; return res; }; vi c_all(n, k); mint res = 0; rep(s, n) rep(t, n) { vi stc(2 + n); stc[0] = s; stc[1] = t; repi(i, 2, 2 + n - 1) stc[i] = k; int id = from_mixed_radix_form(B, stc); res += rf(id); } // dumpel(dp); cout << res << endl; }