#pragma region Macros #pragma GCC optimize("O3,unroll-loops") #pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,fma,abm,mmx,avx,avx2") #include // #include // using namespace atcoder; using namespace std; using namespace __gnu_pbds; // #include // #include // namespace mp = boost::multiprecision; // using Bint = mp::cpp_int; // using Bdouble = mp::number>; // Bdouble Beps = 0.00000000000000000000000000000001; // 1e-32 // const bool equals(Bdouble a, Bdouble b) { return mp::fabs(a - b) < Beps; } #define pb emplace_back #define int ll #define endl '\n' // #define unordered_map gp_hash_table #define sqrt __builtin_sqrtl #define cbrt __builtin_cbrtl #define hypot __builtin_hypotl #define next asdnext #define prev asdprev using ll = long long; using ld = long double; const ld PI = acosl(-1); const int INF = 1 << 30; const ll INFL = 1LL << 61; // const int MOD = 998244353; const int MOD = 1000000007; const ld EPS = 1e-10; const bool equals(ld a, ld b) { return fabs((a) - (b)) < EPS; } const vector dx = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1}; // → ↓ ← ↑ ↘ ↙ ↖ ↗ const vector dy = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1}; #define EC int struct Edge { int from, to; EC cost; Edge() : from(-1), to(-1), cost(-1) {} Edge(int to, EC cost) : to(to), cost(cost) {} Edge(int from, int to, EC cost) : from(from), to(to), cost(cost) {} bool operator ==(const Edge& e) { return this->from == e.from && this->to == e.to && this->cost == e.cost; } bool operator !=(const Edge& e) { return this->from != e.from or this->to != e.to or this->cost != e.cost; } bool operator <(const Edge& e) { return this->cost < e.cost; } bool operator >(const Edge& e) { return this->cost > e.cost; } }; chrono::system_clock::time_point start; __attribute__((constructor)) void constructor() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); cout << fixed << setprecision(10); start = chrono::system_clock::now(); } random_device seed_gen; mt19937_64 rng(seed_gen()); uniform_int_distribution dist_x(0, 1e9); struct RNG { unsigned Int(unsigned l, unsigned r) { return dist_x(rng) % (r - l + 1) + l; } ld Double() { return ld(dist_x(rng)) / 1e9; } } rnd; using i64 = ll; // using i64 = uint64_t; // bit演算, x==0の場合は例外処理した方がよさそう. 区間は [l, r) i64 lrmask(i64 l, i64 r) { return (1LL << r) - (1LL << l); } i64 sub_bit(i64 x, i64 l, i64 r) { i64 b = x & ((1LL << r) - (1LL << l)); return b >> l; } // r溢れ可 i64 bit_width(i64 x) { return 64 - __builtin_clzll(x) + (x == 0); } i64 popcount(i64 x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); } i64 popcount(i64 x, i64 l, i64 r) { return __builtin_popcountll(sub_bit(x, l, r)); } i64 unpopcount(i64 x) { return bit_width(x) - __builtin_popcountll(x); } i64 unpopcount(i64 x, i64 l, i64 r) { return r - l - __builtin_popcountll(sub_bit(x, l, r)); } bool is_pow2(i64 x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x) == 1; } // xが負のときは常にfalse bool is_pow4(i64 x) { return __builtin_popcount(x) == 1 && __builtin_ctz(x) % 2 == 0; } i64 top_bit(i64 x) { return 63 - __builtin_clzll(x);} // 2^kの位 (x > 0) i64 bot_bit(i64 x) { return __builtin_ctzll(x);} // 2^kの位 (x > 0) // i64 next_bit(i64 x, i64 k) { return 0; } // i64 prev_bit(i64 x, i64 k) { return 0; } // i64 kth_bit(i64 x, i64 k) { return 0; } i64 MSB(i64 x) { if (x == 0) return 0; return 1LL << (63 - __builtin_clzll(x)); } // mask i64 LSB(i64 x) { return (x & -x); } // mask i64 countl_zero(i64 x) { return __builtin_clzll(x); } i64 countl_one(i64 x) { i64 ret = 0, k = 63 - __builtin_clzll(x); while (k != -1 && (x & (1LL << k))) { k--; ret++; } return ret; } i64 countr_zero(i64 x) { return __builtin_ctzll(x); } // x==0のとき64が返ることに注意 i64 countr_one(i64 x) { i64 ret = 0; while (x & 1) { x >>= 1; ret++; } return ret; } i64 floor_log2(i64 x) { if (x == 0) return 0; return 63 - __builtin_clzll(x); } i64 bit_floor(i64 x) { if (x == 0) return 0; return 1LL << (63 - __builtin_clzll(x)); } // MSBと同じ i64 ceil_log2(i64 x) { if (x == 0) return 0; return 64 - __builtin_clzll(x - 1); } i64 bit_ceil(i64 x) { if (x == 0) return 0; return 1LL << (64 - __builtin_clzll(x - 1)); } i64 rotl(i64 x, i64 k) { // 有効bit内でrotate. オーバーフロー注意 i64 w = bit_width(x); k %= w; return ((x << k) | (x >> (w - k))) & ((1LL << w) - 1); } // i64 rotl(i64 x, i64 l, i64 m, i64 r) {} i64 rotr(i64 x, i64 k) { i64 w = bit_width(x); k %= w; return ((x >> k) | (x << (w - k))) & ((1LL << w) - 1); } // i64 rotr(i64 x, i64 l, i64 m, i64 r) {} i64 bit_reverse(i64 x) { // 有効bit内で左右反転 i64 r = 0, w = bit_width(x); for (i64 i = 0; i < w; i++) r |= ((x >> i) & 1) << (w - i - 1); return r; } // i64 bit_reverse(i64 x, i64 l, i64 r) { return 0; } bool is_palindrome(i64 x) { return x == bit_reverse(x); } bool is_palindrome(i64 x, i64 l, i64 r) { i64 b = sub_bit(x, l, r); return b == bit_reverse(b); } i64 concat(i64 a, i64 b) { return (a << bit_width(b)) | b; } // オーバーフロー注意 i64 erase(i64 x, i64 l, i64 r) { return x>>r<> 1)) + (x & 1)) / 2; } i64 compcount2(i64 x) { return compcount(x & (x >> 1)); } // 長さ2以上の連結成分の個数 i64 adjacount(i64 x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x & (x >> 1)); } // 隣接する1のペアの個数 i64 next_combination(i64 x) { i64 t = x | (x - 1); return (t + 1) | (((~t & -~t) - 1) >> (__builtin_ctzll(x) + 1)); } __int128_t POW(__int128_t x, int n) { __int128_t ret = 1; assert(n >= 0); if (x == 1 or n == 0) ret = 1; else if (x == -1 && n % 2 == 0) ret = 1; else if (x == -1) ret = -1; else if (n % 2 == 0) { assert(x < INFL); ret = POW(x * x, n / 2); } else { assert(x < INFL); ret = x * POW(x, n - 1); } return ret; } int per(int x, int y) { // x = qy + r (0 <= r < y) を満たすq assert(y != 0); if (x >= 0 && y > 0) return x / y; if (x >= 0 && y < 0) return x / y - (x % y < 0); if (x < 0 && y < 0) return x / y + (x % y < 0); return x / y - (x % y < 0); // (x < 0 && y > 0) } int mod(int x, int y) { // x = qy + r (0 <= r < y) を満たすr assert(y != 0); if (x >= 0) return x % y; __int128_t ret = x % y; // (x < 0) ret += (__int128_t)abs(y) * INFL; ret %= abs(y); return ret; } int floor(int x, int y) { // (ld)x / y 以下の最大の整数 assert(y != 0); if (y < 0) x = -x, y = -y; return x >= 0 ? x / y : (x + 1) / y - 1; } int ceil(int x, int y) { // (ld)x / y 以上の最小の整数 assert(y != 0); if (y < 0) x = -x, y = -y; return x > 0 ? (x - 1) / y + 1 : x / y; } int round(int x, int y) { assert(y != 0); return (x * 2 + y) / (y * 2); } int round(int x, int y, int k) { // (ld)(x/y)を10^kの位に関して四捨五入 assert(y != 0); // TODO return INF; } int round2(int x, int y) { // 五捨五超入 // 未verify assert(y != 0); if (y < 0) y = -y, x = -x; int z = x / y; if ((z * 2 + 1) * y <= y * 2) z++; return z; } // int round(ld x, int k) { // xを10^kの位に関して四捨五入 // } // int floor(ld x, int k) { // xを10^kの位に関してflooring // } // int ceil(ld x, int k) { // xを10^kの位に関してceiling // } // int kth(int x, int y, int k) { // x / yの10^kの位の桁 // } int floor(ld x, ld y) { // 誤差対策TODO assert(!equals(y, 0)); return floor(x / y); // floor(x) = ceil(x - 1) という話も } int ceil(ld x, ld y) { // 誤差対策TODO // ceil(p/q) = -floor(-(p/q))らしい assert(!equals(y, 0)); return ceil(x / y); // ceil(x) = floor(x + 1) } int perl(ld x, ld y) { // x = qy + r (0 <= r < y, qは整数) を満たす q // 未verify. 誤差対策TODO. EPS外してもいいかも。 assert(!equals(y, 0)); if (x >= 0 && y > 0) return floor(x / y)+EPS; if (x >= 0 && y < 0) return -floor(x / fabs(y)); if (x < 0 && y < 0) return floor(x / y) + (x - floor(x/y)*y < -EPS); return floor(x / y) - (x - floor(x/y)*y < -EPS); // (x < 0 && y > 0) } ld modl(ld x, ld y) { // x = qy + r (0 <= r < y, qは整数) を満たす r // 未verify. 誤差対策TODO. -0.0が返りうる。 assert(!equals(y, 0)); if (x >= 0) return x - fabs(y)*fabs(per(x, y)); return x - fabs(y)*floor(x, fabs(y)); } int seisuu(ld x) { return (int)x; } // 整数部分. 誤差対策TODO int modf(ld x) { if (x < 0) return ceill(x); else return floorl(x); } // 正なら+EPS, 負なら-EPSしてから、文字列に直して小数点以下を捨てる? int seisuu(int x, int y) { assert(y != 0); return x / y; } int seisuu(ld x, ld y) { // 誤差対策TODO assert(!equals(y, 0)); return (int)(x / y); } template pair max(const pair &a, const pair &b) { if (a.first > b.first or a.first == b.first && a.second > b.second) return a; return b; } template pair min(const pair &a, const pair &b) { if (a.first < b.first or a.first == b.first && a.second < b.second) return a; return b; } template bool chmax(T &a, const T& b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } template bool chmin(T &a, const T& b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } template T mid(T a, T b, T c) { // 誤差対策TODO return a + b + c - max({a, b, c}) - min({a, b, c}); } template void Sort(T &a, T &b, bool rev = false) { if (rev == false) { // TODO テンプレート引数 if (a > b) swap(a, b); } else { if (b > a) swap(b, a); } } template void Sort(T &a, T &b, T &c, bool rev = false) { if (rev == false) { if (a > b) swap(a, b); if (a > c) swap(a, c); if (b > c) swap(b, c); } else { if (c > b) swap(c, b); if (c > a) swap(c, a); if (b > a) swap(b, a); } } template void Sort(T &a, T &b, T &c, T &d, bool rev = false) { if (rev == false) { if (a > b) swap(a, b); if (a > c) swap(a, c); if (a > d) swap(a, d); if (b > c) swap(b, c); if (b > d) swap(b, d); if (c > d) swap(c, d); } else { if (d > c) swap(d, c); if (d > b) swap(d, b); if (d > a) swap(d, a); if (c > b) swap(c, b); if (c > a) swap(c, a); if (b > a) swap(b, a); } } struct custom_hash { static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) { x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15; x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9; x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb; return x ^ (x >> 31); } size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const { static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count(); return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM); } }; class Compress { public: int sz = 0; // gp_hash_table Z, UZ; unordered_map Z; // 元の値 -> 圧縮した値 unordered_map UZ; // 圧縮した値 -> 元の値 Compress(const vector &V, int base = 0) { this->sz = base; set s(V.begin(), V.end()); for (int x : s) { this->Z[x] = this->sz; this->UZ[this->sz] = x; this->sz++; } } Compress(const vector &V1, const vector &V2, int base = 0) { this->sz = base; vector V3 = V2; V3.insert(V3.end(), V1.begin(), V1.end()); set s(V3.begin(), V3.end()); for (int x : s) { this->Z[x] = this->sz; this->UZ[this->sz] = x; this->sz++; } } Compress(const vector &V1, const vector &V2, const vector &V3, int base = 0) { this->sz = base; vector V4 = V1; V4.insert(V4.end(), V2.begin(), V2.end()); V4.insert(V4.end(), V3.begin(), V3.end()); set s(V4.begin(), V4.end()); for (int x : s) { this->Z[x] = this->sz; this->UZ[this->sz] = x; this->sz++; } } Compress(const vector &V1, const vector &V2, const vector &V3, const vector &V4, int base = 0) { this->sz = base; vector V5 = V1; V5.insert(V5.end(), V2.begin(), V2.end()); V5.insert(V5.end(), V3.begin(), V3.end()); V5.insert(V5.end(), V4.begin(), V4.end()); set s(V5.begin(), V5.end()); for (int x : s) { this->Z[x] = this->sz; this->UZ[this->sz] = x; this->sz++; } } vector zip(const vector &V) { vector ret = V; for (int i = 0; i < (int)V.size(); i++) { ret[i] = Z[ret[i]]; } return ret; } vector unzip(const vector &V) { vector ret = V; for (int i = 0; i < (int)V.size(); i++) { ret[i] = UZ[ret[i]]; } return ret; } int size() { return sz; } int encode(int x) { return Z[x]; } int decode(int x) { if (UZ.find(x) == UZ.end()) return -1; // xが元の配列に存在しないとき return UZ[x]; } }; class UnionFind { public: UnionFind() = default; UnionFind(int N) : par(N), sz(N, 1) { iota(par.begin(), par.end(), 0); } int root(int x) { if (par[x] == x) return x; return (par[x] = root(par[x])); } bool unite(int x, int y) { int rx = root(x); int ry = root(y); if (rx == ry) return false; if (sz[rx] < sz[ry]) swap(rx, ry); sz[rx] += sz[ry]; par[ry] = rx; return true; } bool issame(int x, int y) { return (root(x) == root(y)); } int size(int x) { return sz[root(x)]; } vector> groups(int N) { vector> G(N); for (int x = 0; x < N; x++) { G[root(x)].push_back(x); } G.erase( remove_if(G.begin(), G.end(), [&](const vector& V) { return V.empty(); }), G.end()); return G; } private: vector par, sz; }; template struct BIT { int N; // 要素数 vector bit[2]; // データの格納先 BIT(int N_, int x = 0) { N = N_ + 1; bit[0].assign(N, 0); bit[1].assign(N, 0); if (x != 0) { for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) add(i, x); } } BIT(const vector &A) { N = A.size() + 1; bit[0].assign(N, 0); bit[1].assign(N, 0); for (int i = 0; i < (int)A.size(); i++) add(i, A[i]); } void add_sub(int p, int i, T x) { while (i < N) { bit[p][i] += x; i += (i & -i); } } void add(int l, int r, T x) { add_sub(0, l + 1, -x * l); add_sub(0, r + 1, x * r); add_sub(1, l + 1, x); add_sub(1, r + 1, -x); } void add(int i, T x) { add(i, i + 1, x); } T sum_sub(int p, int i) { T ret = 0; while (i > 0) { ret += bit[p][i]; i -= (i & -i); } return ret; } T sum(int i) { return sum_sub(0, i) + sum_sub(1, i) * i; } T sum(int l, int r) { return sum(r) - sum(l); } T get(int i) { return sum(i, i + 1); } void set(int i, T x) { T s = get(i); add(i, -s + x); } }; template class Modint { public: int val = 0; Modint(int x = 0) { while (x < 0) x += mod; val = x % mod; } Modint(const Modint &r) { val = r.val; } Modint operator -() { return Modint(-val); } // 単項 Modint operator +(const Modint &r) { return Modint(*this) += r; } Modint operator +(const int &q) { Modint r(q); return Modint(*this) += r; } Modint operator -(const Modint &r) { return Modint(*this) -= r; } Modint operator -(const int &q) { Modint r(q); return Modint(*this) -= r; } Modint operator *(const Modint &r) { return Modint(*this) *= r; } Modint operator *(const int &q) { Modint r(q); return Modint(*this) *= r; } Modint operator /(const Modint &r) { return Modint(*this) /= r; } Modint operator /(const int &q) { Modint r(q); return Modint(*this) /= r; } Modint& operator ++() { val++; if (val >= mod) val -= mod; return *this; } // 前置 Modint operator ++(signed) { ++*this; return *this; } // 後置 Modint& operator --() { val--; if (val < 0) val += mod; return *this; } Modint operator --(signed) { --*this; return *this; } Modint &operator +=(const Modint &r) { val += r.val; if (val >= mod) val -= mod; return *this; } Modint &operator +=(const int &q) { Modint r(q); val += r.val; if (val >= mod) val -= mod; return *this; } Modint &operator -=(const Modint &r) { if (val < r.val) val += mod; val -= r.val; return *this; } Modint &operator -=(const int &q) { Modint r(q); if (val < r.val) val += mod; val -= r.val; return *this; } Modint &operator *=(const Modint &r) { val = val * r.val % mod; return *this; } Modint &operator *=(const int &q) { Modint r(q); val = val * r.val % mod; return *this; } Modint &operator /=(const Modint &r) { int a = r.val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0; while (b) {int t = a / b; a -= t * b; swap(a, b); u -= t * v; swap(u, v);} val = val * u % mod; if (val < 0) val += mod; return *this; } Modint &operator /=(const int &q) { Modint r(q); int a = r.val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0; while (b) {int t = a / b; a -= t * b; swap(a, b); u -= t * v; swap(u, v);} val = val * u % mod; if (val < 0) val += mod; return *this; } bool operator ==(const Modint& r) { return this -> val == r.val; } bool operator <(const Modint& r) { return this -> val < r.val; } bool operator >(const Modint& r) { return this -> val > r.val; } bool operator !=(const Modint& r) { return this -> val != r.val; } }; using mint = Modint; istream &operator >>(istream &is, mint& x) { int t; is >> t; x = t; return (is); } ostream &operator <<(ostream &os, const mint& x) { return os << x.val; } mint modpow(const mint &x, int n) { if (n < 0) return (mint)1 / modpow(x, -n); // 未verify assert(n >= 0); if (n == 0) return 1; mint t = modpow(x, n / 2); t = t * t; if (n & 1) t = t * x; return t; } int modpow(__int128_t x, int n, int mod) { assert(n >= 0 && mod > 0); // TODO: n <= -1 __int128_t ret = 1; while (n > 0) { if (n % 2 == 1) ret = ret * x % mod; x = x * x % mod; n /= 2; } return ret; } int modinv(__int128_t x, int mod) { assert(mod > 0); // assert(x > 0); if (x == 1 or x == 0) return 1; return mod - modinv(mod % x, mod) * (mod / x) % mod; } istream &operator >>(istream &is, __int128_t& x) { string S; is >> S; __int128_t ret = 0; int f = 1; if (S[0] == '-') f = -1; for (int i = 0; i < S.length(); i++) if ('0' <= S[i] && S[i] <= '9') ret = ret * 10 + S[i] - '0'; x = ret * f; return (is); } ostream &operator <<(ostream &os, __int128_t x) { ostream::sentry s(os); if (s) { __uint128_t tmp = x < 0 ? -x : x; char buffer[128]; char *d = end(buffer); do { --d; *d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10]; tmp /= 10; } while (tmp != 0); if (x < 0) { --d; *d = '-'; } int len = end(buffer) - d; if (os.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) os.setstate(ios_base::badbit); } return os; } __int128_t stoll(string &S) { __int128_t ret = 0; int f = 1; if (S[0] == '-') f = -1; for (int i = 0; i < S.length(); i++) if ('0' <= S[i] && S[i] <= '9') ret = ret * 10 + S[i] - '0'; return ret * f; } __int128_t gcd(__int128_t a, __int128_t b) { return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a; } __int128_t lcm(__int128_t a, __int128_t b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; // lcmが__int128_tに収まる必要あり } string to_string(ld x, int k) { // xの小数第k位までをstring化する assert(k >= 0); stringstream ss; ss << setprecision(k + 2) << x; string s = ss.str(); if (s.find('.') == string::npos) s += '.'; int pos = s.find('.'); for (int i = 0; k >= (int)s.size() - 1 - pos; i++) s += '0'; s.pop_back(); if (s.back() == '.') s.pop_back(); return s; // stringstream ss; // 第k+1位を四捨五入して第k位まで返す // ss << setprecision(k + 1) << x; // string s = ss.str(); // if (s.find('.') == string::npos) s += '.'; // int pos = s.find('.'); // for (int i = 0; k > (int)s.size() - 1 - pos; i++) s += '0'; // if (s.back() == '.') s.pop_back(); // return s; } string to_string(__int128_t x) { string ret = ""; if (x < 0) { ret += "-"; x *= -1; } while (x) { ret += (char)('0' + x % 10); x /= 10; } reverse(ret.begin(), ret.end()); return ret; } string to_string(char c) { string s = ""; s += c; return s; } template size_t HashCombine(const size_t seed,const T &v) { return seed^(hash()(v)+0x9e3779b9+(seed<<6)+(seed>>2)); } template struct hash>{ size_t operator()(const pair &keyval) const noexcept { return HashCombine(hash()(keyval.first), keyval.second); } }; template struct hash>{ size_t operator()(const vector &keyval) const noexcept { size_t s=0; for (auto&& v: keyval) s=HashCombine(s,v); return s; } }; template struct HashTupleCore{ template size_t operator()(const Tuple &keyval) const noexcept{ size_t s=HashTupleCore()(keyval); return HashCombine(s,get(keyval)); } }; template <> struct HashTupleCore<0>{ template size_t operator()(const Tuple &keyval) const noexcept{ return 0; } }; template struct hash>{ size_t operator()(const tuple &keyval) const noexcept { return HashTupleCore>::value>()(keyval); } }; vector _fac, _finv, _inv; void COMinit(int N) { _fac.resize(N + 1); _finv.resize(N + 1); _inv.resize(N + 1); _fac[0] = _fac[1] = 1; _finv[0] = _finv[1] = 1; _inv[1] = 1; for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++) { _fac[i] = _fac[i-1] * mint(i); _inv[i] = -_inv[MOD % i] * mint(MOD / i); _finv[i] = _finv[i - 1] * _inv[i]; } } mint FAC(int N) { if (N < 0) return 0; return _fac[N]; } mint COM(int N, int K) { if (N < K) return 0; if (N < 0 or K < 0) return 0; return _fac[N] * _finv[K] * _finv[N - K]; } mint PERM(int N, int K) { if (N < K) return 0; if (N < 0 or K < 0) return 0; return _fac[N] * _finv[N - K]; } mint NHK(int N, int K) { // initのサイズに注意 if (N == 0 && K == 0) return 1; return COM(N + K - 1, K); } #pragma endregion struct HeavyLightDecomposition { vector> G; // child of vertex v on heavy edge is G[v].front() if it is not parent of v int n, time; vector par, // parent of vertex v sub, // size of subtree whose root is v dep, // dist bitween root and vertex v head, // vertex that is the nearest to root on heavy path of vertex v tree_id, // id of tree vertex v belongs to vertex_id, // id of vertex v (consecutive on heavy paths) vertex_id_inv; // vertex_id_inv[vertex_id[v]] = v HeavyLightDecomposition(int n) : G(n), n(n), time(0), par(n, -1), sub(n), dep(n, 0), head(n), tree_id(n, -1), vertex_id(n, -1), vertex_id_inv(n) {} void add_edge(int u, int v) { assert(0 <= u and u < n); assert(0 <= v and v < n); G[u].emplace_back(v); G[v].emplace_back(u); } void build(vector roots = {0}) { int tree_id_cur = 0; for (int& r : roots) { assert(0 <= r and r < n); dfs_sz(r); head[r] = r; dfs_hld(r, tree_id_cur++); } assert(time == n); for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) vertex_id_inv[vertex_id[v]] = v; } template vector segtree_rearrange(const vector &data) const { assert(int(data.size()) == n); vector ret(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ret[vertex_id[i]] = data[i]; return ret; } int idx(int v) const { return vertex_id[v]; } int la(int v, int k) const { assert(0 <= v and v < n); assert(0 <= k and k <= dep[v]); while (1) { int u = head[v]; if (vertex_id[v] - k >= vertex_id[u]) return vertex_id_inv[vertex_id[v] - k]; k -= vertex_id[v] - vertex_id[u] + 1; v = par[u]; } } int lca(int u, int v) const { assert(0 <= u and u < n); assert(0 <= v and v < n); assert(tree_id[u] == tree_id[v]); for (;; v = par[head[v]]) { if (vertex_id[u] > vertex_id[v]) swap(u, v); if (head[u] == head[v]) return u; } } int jump(int s, int t, int i) const { assert(0 <= s and s < n); assert(0 <= t and t < n); assert(0 <= i); if (tree_id[s] != tree_id[t]) return -1; if (i == 0) return s; int p = lca(s, t), d = dep[s] + dep[t] - 2 * dep[p]; if (d < i) return -1; if (dep[s] - dep[p] >= i) return la(s, i); return la(t, d - i); } int dist(int u, int v) const { assert(0 <= u and u < n); assert(0 <= v and v < n); assert(tree_id[u] == tree_id[v]); return dep[u] + dep[v] - 2 * dep[lca(u, v)]; } template void query_path(int u, int v, const F& f, bool vertex = false) const { assert(0 <= u and u < n); assert(0 <= v and v < n); assert(tree_id[u] == tree_id[v]); int p = lca(u, v); for (auto& e : ascend(u, p)) f(e.second, e.first + 1); if (vertex) f(vertex_id[p], vertex_id[p] + 1); for (auto& e : descend(p, v)) f(e.first, e.second + 1); } template void query_path_noncommutative(int u, int v, const F& f, bool vertex = false) const { assert(0 <= u and u < n); assert(0 <= v and v < n); assert(tree_id[u] == tree_id[v]); int p = lca(u, v); for (auto& e : ascend(u, p)) f(e.first + 1, e.second); if (vertex) f(vertex_id[p], vertex_id[p] + 1); for (auto& e : descend(p, v)) f(e.first, e.second + 1); } template void query_subtree(int v, const F& f, bool vertex = false) const { assert(0 <= v and v < n); f(vertex_id[v] + !vertex, vertex_id[v] + sub[v]); } private: void dfs_sz(int v) { sub[v] = 1; if (!G[v].empty() and G[v].front() == par[v]) swap(G[v].front(), G[v].back()); for (int& u : G[v]) { if (u == par[v]) continue; par[u] = v; dep[u] = dep[v] + 1; dfs_sz(u); sub[v] += sub[u]; if (sub[u] > sub[G[v].front()]) swap(u, G[v].front()); } } void dfs_hld(int v, int tree_id_cur) { vertex_id[v] = time++; tree_id[v] = tree_id_cur; for (int& u : G[v]) { if (u == par[v]) continue; head[u] = (u == G[v][0] ? head[v] : u); dfs_hld(u, tree_id_cur); } } vector> ascend(int u, int v) const { // [u, v), v is ancestor of u vector> res; while (head[u] != head[v]) { res.emplace_back(vertex_id[u], vertex_id[head[u]]); u = par[head[u]]; } if (u != v) res.emplace_back(vertex_id[u], vertex_id[v] + 1); return res; } vector> descend(int u, int v) const { // (u, v], u is ancestor of v if (u == v) return {}; if (head[u] == head[v]) return {{vertex_id[u] + 1, vertex_id[v]}}; auto res = descend(u, par[head[v]]); res.emplace_back(vertex_id[head[v]], vertex_id[v]); return res; } }; signed main() { int N; cin >> N; HeavyLightDecomposition hld(N); for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; hld.add_edge(u, v); } hld.build(); BIT bit(N); int Q; cin >> Q; int ans = 0; for (int i = 0; i < Q; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; auto f2 = [&](int l, int r) { bit.add(l, r, 1); }; hld.query_path(u, v, f2, 1); auto f1 = [&](int l, int r) { ans += bit.sum(l, r); }; hld.query_path(u, v, f1, 1); } cout << ans << endl; }