import os,sys,random,threading #sys.exit() 退出程序 #sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6) #调整栈空间 from random import randint,choice,shuffle #randint(a,b)从[a,b]范围随机选择一个数 #choice(seq)seq可以是一个列表,元组或字符串,从seq中随机选取一个元素 #shuffle(x)将一个可变的序列x中的元素打乱 from copy import deepcopy from io import BytesIO,IOBase from types import GeneratorType from functools import lru_cache,reduce #reduce(op,迭代对象) from bisect import bisect_left,bisect_right #bisect_left(x) 大于等于x的第一个下标 #bisect_right(x) 大于x的第一个下标 from collections import Counter,defaultdict,deque from itertools import accumulate,combinations,permutations #accumulate(a)用a序列生成一个累积迭代器,一般list化前面放个[0]做前缀和用 #combinations(a,k)a序列选k个 组合迭代器 #permutations(a,k)a序列选k个 排列迭代器 from heapq import heapify,heappop,heappush #heapify将列表转为堆 from typing import Generic,Iterable,Iterator,TypeVar,Union,List from string import ascii_lowercase,ascii_uppercase,digits #小写字母,大写字母,十进制数字 from math import ceil,floor,sqrt,pi,factorial,gcd,log,log10,log2,inf #ceil向上取整,floor向下取整 ,sqrt开方 ,factorial阶乘 from decimal import Decimal,getcontext #Decimal(s) 实例化Decimal对象,一般使用字符串 #getcontext().prec=100 修改精度 from sys import stdin, stdout, setrecursionlimit input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n") MI = lambda :map(int,input().split()) li = lambda :list(MI()) ii = lambda :int(input()) mod = int(1e9 + 7) #998244353 inf = 1<<60 py = lambda :print("YES") pn = lambda :print("NO") DIRS = [(0, 1), (1, 0), (0, -1), (-1, 0)] # 右下左上 DIRS8 = [(0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0), (1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, -1), (-1, 0),(-1, 1)] # →↘↓↙←↖↑↗ class BIT: """单点修改,区间和查询""" __slots__ = "size", "bit", "tree" def __init__(self, n: int): self.size = n self.bit = n.bit_length() self.tree = [0]*(n+1) def add(self, index: int, delta: int) -> None: # index 必须大于0 while index <= self.size: self.tree[index]+=delta index += index & -index def _query(self, index: int) -> int: res = 0 while index > 0: res += self.tree[index] index -= index & -index return res def query(self, left: int, right: int) -> int: return self._query(right) - self._query(left - 1) def bisectLeft(self, k: int) -> int: """返回第一个前缀和大于等于k的位置pos 1 <= pos <= self.size + 1 """ curSum, pos = 0, 0 for i in range(self.bit, -1, -1): nextPos = pos + (1 << i) if nextPos <= self.size and curSum + self.tree[nextPos] < k: pos = nextPos curSum += self.tree[pos] return pos + 1 MOD=mod = 998244353 N=10**6+1 fac = [1]*N #fac[i] i的阶乘 ifac = [1]*N #ifac[i] i的阶乘 的逆元 inv = [0]*N #inv[i] i的逆元 inv[1]=1 for i in range(2, N): fac[i] = fac[i-1]*i%mod inv[i] = (mod - mod // i) * inv[mod % i] % mod ifac[i] = ifac[i-1]*inv[i]%mod def C(n: int, k: int) -> int: #不重复组合数,n个不同物品不重复无序的取出k个 if n < 0 or k < 0 or n < k: return 0 return ((fac[n] * ifac[k]) % MOD * ifac[n - k]) % MOD n=ii() p=li() bit=BIT(n+5) ls=[0]*n lb=[0]*n for i in range(n): ls[i]=bit._query(p[i]-1) lb[i]=bit.query(p[i]+1,n+3) bit.add(p[i],1) rs=[0]*n rb=[0]*n bit=BIT(n+5) for i in range(n-1,-1,-1): rs[i]=bit._query(p[i]-1) rb[i]=bit.query(p[i]+1,n+3) bit.add(p[i],1) res=0 for i in range(n): a,b=ls[i],rb[i] tmp=C(a+b,a) a,b=lb[i],rs[i] tmp*=C(a+b,a) res=(res+tmp)%mod print(res)