結果

問題 No.117 組み合わせの数
ユーザー gyouzasushigyouzasushi
提出日時 2023-03-02 21:35:42
言語 C++17
(gcc 12.3.0 + boost 1.83.0)
結果
AC  
実行時間 82 ms / 5,000 ms
コード長 17,648 bytes
コンパイル時間 875 ms
コンパイル使用メモリ 82,036 KB
実行使用メモリ 23,712 KB
最終ジャッジ日時 2023-10-17 17:29:14
合計ジャッジ時間 1,478 ms
ジャッジサーバーID
(参考情報)
judge11 / judge15
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テストケース

テストケース表示
入力 結果 実行時間
実行使用メモリ
testcase_00 AC 82 ms
23,712 KB
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ソースコード

diff #

#line 1 "test/yukicoder/117.test.cpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://yukicoder.me/problems/no/117"
#include <cstdio>

#line 2 "math/binomial_coefficient.hpp"
#include <vector>
template <typename mint>
struct factorial_table {
    factorial_table() {
    }
    factorial_table(int n) {
        ensure(n);
    }
    mint operator[](int i) const {
        ensure(i);
        return facts[i];
    }
    mint inv(int i) const {
        ensure(i);
        return ifacts[i];
    }
    void ensure(int n) const {
        int sz = facts.size();
        if (sz > n) return;
        if (n < sz << 1) n = sz << 1;
        facts.resize(n + 1);
        ifacts.resize(n + 1);
        for (int i = sz; i <= n; i++) facts[i] = facts[i - 1] * i;
        ifacts[n] = facts[n].inv();
        for (int i = n; i >= sz; i--) ifacts[i - 1] = ifacts[i] * i;
    }

private:
    mutable std::vector<mint> facts{1};
    mutable std::vector<mint> ifacts{1};
};

template <typename mint>
struct binomial_coefficient {
public:
    binomial_coefficient() {
    }
    binomial_coefficient(int n) : facts(n) {
    }
    mint C(int n, int k) {
        if (n < 0 || n < k || k < 0) return 0;
        return facts[n] * facts.inv(n - k) * facts.inv(k);
    }
    mint P(int n, int k) {
        if (n < 0 || n < k || k < 0) return 0;
        return facts[n] * facts.inv(n - k);
    }
    mint H(int n, int k) {
        if (n < 0 || k < 0) return 0;
        if (k == 0) return 1;
        return C(n + k - 1, k);
    }

private:
    factorial_table<mint> facts;
};
#line 2 "math/modint.hpp"

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif

namespace internal {

// @param n `0 <= n`
// @return minimum non-negative `x` s.t. `n <= 2**x`
int ceil_pow2(int n) {
    int x = 0;
    while ((1U << x) < (unsigned int)(n)) x++;
    return x;
}

// @param n `1 <= n`
// @return minimum non-negative `x` s.t. `(n & (1 << x)) != 0`
int bsf(unsigned int n) {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    unsigned long index;
    _BitScanForward(&index, n);
    return index;
#else
    return __builtin_ctz(n);
#endif
}

}  // namespace internal

#include <utility>

namespace internal {

// @param m `1 <= m`
// @return x mod m
constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) {
    x %= m;
    if (x < 0) x += m;
    return x;
}

// Fast moduler by barrett reduction
// Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett_reduction
// NOTE: reconsider after Ice Lake
struct barrett {
    unsigned int _m;
    unsigned long long im;

    // @param m `1 <= m`
    barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1) {
    }

    // @return m
    unsigned int umod() const {
        return _m;
    }

    // @param a `0 <= a < m`
    // @param b `0 <= b < m`
    // @return `a * b % m`
    unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b) const {
        // [1] m = 1
        // a = b = im = 0, so okay

        // [2] m >= 2
        // im = ceil(2^64 / m)
        // -> im * m = 2^64 + r (0 <= r < m)
        // let z = a*b = c*m + d (0 <= c, d < m)
        // a*b * im = (c*m + d) * im = c*(im*m) + d*im = c*2^64 + c*r + d*im
        // c*r + d*im < m * m + m * im < m * m + 2^64 + m <= 2^64 + m * (m + 1)
        // < 2^64 * 2
        // ((ab * im) >> 64) == c or c + 1
        unsigned long long z = a;
        z *= b;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        unsigned long long x;
        _umul128(z, im, &x);
#else
        unsigned long long x =
            (unsigned long long)(((unsigned __int128)(z)*im) >> 64);
#endif
        unsigned int v = (unsigned int)(z - x * _m);
        if (_m <= v) v += _m;
        return v;
    }
};

// @param n `0 <= n`
// @param m `1 <= m`
// @return `(x ** n) % m`
constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m) {
    if (m == 1) return 0;
    unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m);
    unsigned long long r = 1;
    unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m);
    while (n) {
        if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m;
        y = (y * y) % _m;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return r;
}

// Reference:
// M. Forisek and J. Jancina,
// Fast Primality Testing for Integers That Fit into a Machine Word
// @param n `0 <= n`
constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) return false;
    if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true;
    if (n % 2 == 0) return false;
    long long d = n - 1;
    while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2;
    for (long long a : {2, 7, 61}) {
        long long t = d;
        long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n);
        while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) {
            y = y * y % n;
            t <<= 1;
        }
        if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
template <int n>
constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n);

// @param b `1 <= b`
// @return pair(g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), xa = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b/g
constexpr std::pair<long long, long long> inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) {
    a = safe_mod(a, b);
    if (a == 0) return {b, 0};

    // Contracts:
    // [1] s - m0 * a = 0 (mod b)
    // [2] t - m1 * a = 0 (mod b)
    // [3] s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b
    long long s = b, t = a;
    long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1;

    while (t) {
        long long u = s / t;
        s -= t * u;
        m0 -= m1 * u;  // |m1 * u| <= |m1| * s <= b

        // [3]:
        // (s - t * u) * |m1| + t * |m0 - m1 * u|
        // <= s * |m1| - t * u * |m1| + t * (|m0| + |m1| * u)
        // = s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b

        auto tmp = s;
        s = t;
        t = tmp;
        tmp = m0;
        m0 = m1;
        m1 = tmp;
    }
    // by [3]: |m0| <= b/g
    // by g != b: |m0| < b/g
    if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s;
    return {s, m0};
}

// Compile time primitive root
// @param m must be prime
// @return primitive root (and minimum in now)
constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) {
    if (m == 2) return 1;
    if (m == 167772161) return 3;
    if (m == 469762049) return 3;
    if (m == 754974721) return 11;
    if (m == 998244353) return 3;
    int divs[20] = {};
    divs[0] = 2;
    int cnt = 1;
    int x = (m - 1) / 2;
    while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2;
    for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) {
        if (x % i == 0) {
            divs[cnt++] = i;
            while (x % i == 0) {
                x /= i;
            }
        }
    }
    if (x > 1) {
        divs[cnt++] = x;
    }
    for (int g = 2;; g++) {
        bool ok = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
            if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) {
                ok = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (ok) return g;
    }
}
template <int m>
constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m);

}  // namespace internal

#include <cassert>
#include <numeric>
#include <type_traits>

namespace internal {

#ifndef _MSC_VER
template <class T>
using is_signed_int128 =
    typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value ||
                                  std::is_same<T, __int128>::value,
                              std::true_type, std::false_type>::type;

template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int128 =
    typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __uint128_t>::value ||
                                  std::is_same<T, unsigned __int128>::value,
                              std::true_type, std::false_type>::type;

template <class T>
using make_unsigned_int128 =
    typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value, __uint128_t,
                              unsigned __int128>;

template <class T>
using is_integral =
    typename std::conditional<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
                                  is_signed_int128<T>::value ||
                                  is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
                              std::true_type, std::false_type>::type;

template <class T>
using is_signed_int =
    typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
                               std::is_signed<T>::value) ||
                                  is_signed_int128<T>::value,
                              std::true_type, std::false_type>::type;

template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
    typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
                               std::is_unsigned<T>::value) ||
                                  is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
                              std::true_type, std::false_type>::type;

template <class T>
using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<
    is_signed_int128<T>::value, make_unsigned_int128<T>,
    typename std::conditional<std::is_signed<T>::value, std::make_unsigned<T>,
                              std::common_type<T>>::type>::type;

#else

template <class T>
using is_integral = typename std::is_integral<T>;

template <class T>
using is_signed_int =
    typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value && std::is_signed<T>::value,
                              std::true_type, std::false_type>::type;

template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
    typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value &&
                                  std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
                              std::true_type, std::false_type>::type;

template <class T>
using to_unsigned =
    typename std::conditional<is_signed_int<T>::value, std::make_unsigned<T>,
                              std::common_type<T>>::type;

#endif

template <class T>
using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_signed_int<T>::value>;

template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_unsigned_int<T>::value>;

template <class T>
using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned<T>::type;

}  // namespace internal

#line 299 "math/modint.hpp"

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif

namespace internal {

struct modint_base {};
struct static_modint_base : modint_base {};

template <class T>
using is_modint = std::is_base_of<modint_base, T>;
template <class T>
using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_modint<T>::value>;

}  // namespace internal

template <int m, std::enable_if_t<(1 <= m)>* = nullptr>
struct static_modint : internal::static_modint_base {
    using mint = static_modint;

public:
    static constexpr int mod() {
        return m;
    }
    static mint raw(int v) {
        mint x;
        x._v = v;
        return x;
    }

    static_modint() : _v(0) {
    }
    template <class T, internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
    static_modint(T v) {
        long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod()));
        if (x < 0) x += umod();
        _v = (unsigned int)(x);
    }
    template <class T, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
    static_modint(T v) {
        _v = (unsigned int)(v % umod());
    }
    static_modint(bool v) {
        _v = ((unsigned int)(v) % umod());
    }

    unsigned int val() const {
        return _v;
    }

    mint& operator++() {
        _v++;
        if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator--() {
        if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
        _v--;
        return *this;
    }
    mint operator++(int) {
        mint result = *this;
        ++*this;
        return result;
    }
    mint operator--(int) {
        mint result = *this;
        --*this;
        return result;
    }

    mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
        _v += rhs._v;
        if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
        _v -= rhs._v;
        if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod();
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
        unsigned long long z = _v;
        z *= rhs._v;
        _v = (unsigned int)(z % umod());
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) {
        return *this = *this * rhs.inv();
    }

    mint operator+() const {
        return *this;
    }
    mint operator-() const {
        return mint() - *this;
    }

    mint pow(long long n) const {
        assert(0 <= n);
        mint x = *this, r = 1;
        while (n) {
            if (n & 1) r *= x;
            x *= x;
            n >>= 1;
        }
        return r;
    }
    mint inv() const {
        if (prime) {
            assert(_v);
            return pow(umod() - 2);
        } else {
            auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, m);
            assert(eg.first == 1);
            return eg.second;
        }
    }

    friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return mint(lhs) += rhs;
    }
    friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
    }
    friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
    }
    friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
    }
    friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return lhs._v == rhs._v;
    }
    friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return lhs._v != rhs._v;
    }

private:
    unsigned int _v;
    static constexpr unsigned int umod() {
        return m;
    }
    static constexpr bool prime = internal::is_prime<m>;
};

template <int id>
struct dynamic_modint : internal::modint_base {
    using mint = dynamic_modint;

public:
    static int mod() {
        return (int)(bt.umod());
    }
    static void set_mod(int m) {
        assert(1 <= m);
        bt = internal::barrett(m);
    }
    static mint raw(int v) {
        mint x;
        x._v = v;
        return x;
    }

    dynamic_modint() : _v(0) {
    }
    template <class T, internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
    dynamic_modint(T v) {
        long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(mod()));
        if (x < 0) x += mod();
        _v = (unsigned int)(x);
    }
    template <class T, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
    dynamic_modint(T v) {
        _v = (unsigned int)(v % mod());
    }
    dynamic_modint(bool v) {
        _v = ((unsigned int)(v) % mod());
    }

    unsigned int val() const {
        return _v;
    }

    mint& operator++() {
        _v++;
        if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator--() {
        if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
        _v--;
        return *this;
    }
    mint operator++(int) {
        mint result = *this;
        ++*this;
        return result;
    }
    mint operator--(int) {
        mint result = *this;
        --*this;
        return result;
    }

    mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
        _v += rhs._v;
        if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
        _v += mod() - rhs._v;
        if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
        _v = bt.mul(_v, rhs._v);
        return *this;
    }
    mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) {
        return *this = *this * rhs.inv();
    }

    mint operator+() const {
        return *this;
    }
    mint operator-() const {
        return mint() - *this;
    }

    mint pow(long long n) const {
        assert(0 <= n);
        mint x = *this, r = 1;
        while (n) {
            if (n & 1) r *= x;
            x *= x;
            n >>= 1;
        }
        return r;
    }
    mint inv() const {
        auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, mod());
        assert(eg.first == 1);
        return eg.second;
    }

    friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return mint(lhs) += rhs;
    }
    friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
    }
    friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
    }
    friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
    }
    friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return lhs._v == rhs._v;
    }
    friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
        return lhs._v != rhs._v;
    }

private:
    unsigned int _v;
    static internal::barrett bt;
    static unsigned int umod() {
        return bt.umod();
    }
};

template <int id>
internal::barrett dynamic_modint<id>::bt = 998244353;

using modint998244353 = static_modint<998244353>;
using modint1000000007 = static_modint<1000000007>;
using modint = dynamic_modint<-1>;

namespace internal {

template <class T>
using is_static_modint = std::is_base_of<internal::static_modint_base, T>;

template <class T>
using is_static_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_static_modint<T>::value>;

template <class>
struct is_dynamic_modint : public std::false_type {};
template <int id>
struct is_dynamic_modint<dynamic_modint<id>> : public std::true_type {};

template <class T>
using is_dynamic_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_dynamic_modint<T>::value>;

}  // namespace internal

#include <iostream>
template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<internal::is_modint<T>::value,
                                                std::nullptr_t> = nullptr>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, T& v) {
    long long x;
    is >> x;
    v = x;
    return is;
}
template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<internal::is_modint<T>::value,
                                                std::nullptr_t> = nullptr>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const T& v) {
    os << v.val();
    return os;
}
#line 6 "test/yukicoder/117.test.cpp"
int main() {
    binomial_coefficient<modint1000000007> binom;
    int tt;
    scanf("%d", &tt);
    while (tt--) {
        char c;
        int n, k;
        scanf("\n%c(%d,%d)", &c, &n, &k);
        if (c == 'C') printf("%d\n", binom.C(n, k).val());
        if (c == 'P') printf("%d\n", binom.P(n, k).val());
        if (c == 'H') printf("%d\n", binom.H(n, k).val());
    }
}
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