#1116058 (Rust) No.3250 最小公倍数

• 問題: No.3250 最小公倍数
• ユーザー: akakimidori
• 提出日時: 2025-08-29 22:59:35
• 言語: Rust (1.83.0 + proconio)
• 結果: AC
• 実行時間: 907 ms / 2,000 ms
• コード長: 29,712 bytes
• コンパイル時間: 14,263 ms
• コンパイル使用メモリ: 400,788 KB
• 実行使用メモリ: 120,548 KB
• 最終ジャッジ日時: 2025-08-29 23:00:02
• 合計ジャッジ時間: 23,033 ms
• ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報）: judge4 / judge1

ファイルパターン	結果
sample	AC * 1
other	AC * 21

ソースコード

use std::io::Write;

type M = ModInt<998244353>;

fn run() {
    input! {
        n: usize,
        a: [usize; n],
        e: [(usize1, usize1); n - 1],
    }
    let mut hld = HLD::new(n);
    for (a, b) in e {
        hld.add_edge(a, b);
    }
    hld.build(0);
    let m = *a.iter().max().unwrap();
    let sieve = Sieve::new(m);
    let buf = std::cell::RefCell::new(vec![InitArray::new(false, m + 1); 19]);
    let ans = std::cell::RefCell::new(vec![M::zero(); n]);
    recurse(|rec, v: usize| -> (M, InitArray<bool>) {
        let child = &hld.child[v];
        let (mut dp, mut set) = if child.is_empty() {
            (M::one(), buf.borrow_mut().pop().unwrap())
        } else {
            rec(child[0])
        };
        for i in 1..child.len() {
            let u = child[i];
            let (_, mut cset) = rec(u);
            cset.init_with(|x, val| {
                assert!(val);
                if !set[x] {
                    set[x] = true;
                    dp *= M::from(sieve.factor(x).unwrap());
                }
            });
            buf.borrow_mut().push(cset);
        }
        let mut val = a[v];
        while let Some(p) = sieve.factor(val) {
            let mut pos = 1;
            while val % p == 0 {
                val /= p;
                pos *= p;
                if !set[pos] {
                    set[pos] = true;
                    dp *= M::from(p);
                }
            }
        }
        ans.borrow_mut()[v] = dp;
        (dp, set)
    })(0);
    let out = std::io::stdout();
    let mut out = std::io::BufWriter::new(out.lock());
    for a in ans.into_inner() {
        writeln!(out, "{}", a).ok();
    }
}

fn main() {
    run();
}

// ---------- begin input macro ----------
// reference: https://qiita.com/tanakh/items/0ba42c7ca36cd29d0ac8
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! input {
    (source = $s:expr, $($r:tt)*) => {
        let mut iter = $s.split_whitespace();
        input_inner!{iter, $($r)*}
    };
    ($($r:tt)*) => {
        let s = {
            use std::io::Read;
            let mut s = String::new();
            std::io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
            s
        };
        let mut iter = s.split_whitespace();
        input_inner!{iter, $($r)*}
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! input_inner {
    ($iter:expr) => {};
    ($iter:expr, ) => {};
    ($iter:expr, $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => {
        let $var = read_value!($iter, $t);
        input_inner!{$iter $($r)*}
    };
}

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! read_value {
    ($iter:expr, ( $($t:tt),* )) => {
        ( $(read_value!($iter, $t)),* )
    };
    ($iter:expr, [ $t:tt ; $len:expr ]) => {
        (0..$len).map(|_| read_value!($iter, $t)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };
    ($iter:expr, chars) => {
        read_value!($iter, String).chars().collect::<Vec<char>>()
    };
    ($iter:expr, bytes) => {
        read_value!($iter, String).bytes().collect::<Vec<u8>>()
    };
    ($iter:expr, usize1) => {
        read_value!($iter, usize) - 1
    };
    ($iter:expr, $t:ty) => {
        $iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$t>().expect("Parse error")
    };
}
// ---------- end input macro ----------
// ---------- begin Heavy-Light decomposition ----------
pub struct HLD {
    size: usize,
    edge: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
    child: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
    path_root: Vec<usize>,
    parent: Vec<usize>,
    left: Vec<usize>,
    right: Vec<usize>,
    inverse: Vec<usize>,
}

impl HLD {
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> Self {
        assert!(size <= 10usize.pow(8));
        HLD {
            size: size,
            edge: Vec::with_capacity(size - 1),
            child: Vec::new(),
            path_root: Vec::new(),
            parent: Vec::new(),
            left: Vec::new(),
            right: Vec::new(),
            inverse: Vec::new(),
        }
    }
    pub fn add_edge(&mut self, a: usize, b: usize) {
        assert!(a != b && a < self.size && b < self.size);
        self.edge.push((a, b));
    }
    pub fn build(&mut self, root: usize) {
        assert!(self.edge.len() + 1 == self.size);
        let size = self.size;
        let mut cnt = vec![0; size];
        for &(a, b) in self.edge.iter() {
            cnt[a] += 1;
            cnt[b] += 1;
        }
        let mut child = cnt
            .into_iter()
            .map(|c| Vec::with_capacity(c))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        for &(a, b) in self.edge.iter() {
            child[a].push(b);
            child[b].push(a);
        }
        let mut parent = vec![size; size];
        let mut q = Vec::with_capacity(size);
        q.push(root);
        parent[root] = root;
        for i in 0..size {
            let v = q[i];
            for u in child[v].clone() {
                assert!(parent[u] == size);
                parent[u] = v;
                child[u].retain(|e| *e != v);
                q.push(u);
            }
        }
        let mut sum = vec![1; size];
        for &v in q.iter().rev() {
            let child = &mut child[v];
            if !child.is_empty() {
                let (pos, _) = child.iter().enumerate().max_by_key(|p| sum[*p.1]).unwrap();
                child.swap(0, pos);
                sum[v] = 1 + child.iter().fold(0, |s, a| s + sum[*a]);
            }
        }
        let mut path_root = (0..size).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        let mut left = vec![0; size];
        let mut right = vec![0; size];
        let mut dfs = vec![(root, false)];
        let mut id = 0;
        while let Some((v, end)) = dfs.pop() {
            if end {
                right[v] = id;
                continue;
            }
            left[v] = id;
            id += 1;
            dfs.push((v, true));
            let child = &child[v];
            if !child.is_empty() {
                for &u in child[1..].iter() {
                    path_root[u] = u;
                    dfs.push((u, false));
                }
                let u = child[0];
                path_root[u] = path_root[v];
                dfs.push((u, false));
            }
        }
        let mut inverse = vec![size; size];
        for (i, l) in left.iter().enumerate() {
            inverse[*l] = i;
        }
        self.child = child;
        self.parent = parent;
        self.left = left;
        self.right = right;
        self.path_root = path_root;
        self.inverse = inverse;
    }
    pub fn lca(&self, mut a: usize, mut b: usize) -> usize {
        assert!(a < self.size && b < self.size);
        let path = &self.path_root;
        let parent = &self.parent;
        let index = &self.left;
        while path[a] != path[b] {
            if index[a] > index[b] {
                std::mem::swap(&mut a, &mut b);
            }
            b = parent[path[b]];
        }
        std::cmp::min((index[a], a), (index[b], b)).1
    }
    pub fn path(
        &self,
        src: usize,
        dst: usize,
        up: &mut Vec<(usize, usize)>,
        down: &mut Vec<(usize, usize)>,
    ) {
        assert!(src < self.size && dst < self.size);
        up.clear();
        down.clear();
        let path = &self.path_root;
        let parent = &self.parent;
        let index = &self.left;
        let mut x = src;
        let mut y = dst;
        while path[x] != path[y] {
            if index[x] > index[y] {
                let p = path[x];
                assert!(p == path[p]);
                up.push((index[p], index[x] + 1));
                x = parent[p];
            } else {
                let p = path[y];
                assert!(p == path[p]);
                down.push((index[p], index[y] + 1));
                y = parent[p];
            }
        }
        if index[x] <= index[y] {
            down.push((index[x], index[y] + 1));
        } else {
            up.push((index[y], index[x] + 1));
        }
        down.reverse();
    }
    pub fn sub_tree(&self, v: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
        assert!(v < self.size);
        (self.left[v], self.right[v])
    }
    pub fn parent(&self, v: usize) -> Option<usize> {
        assert!(v < self.size);
        let p = self.parent[v];
        if p == v {
            None
        } else {
            Some(p)
        }
    }
    // s -> t へのパスの2番目の頂点を返す
    pub fn next(&self, s: usize, t: usize) -> usize {
        assert!(s < self.size && t < self.size && s != t);
        let (a, b) = self.sub_tree(s);
        let (c, d) = self.sub_tree(t);
        if !(a <= c && d <= b) {
            return self.parent[s];
        }
        let mut pos = t;
        let mut pre = t;
        while self.path_root[s] != self.path_root[pos] {
            pre = self.path_root[pos];
            pos = self.parent[pre];
        }
        if s == pos {
            pre
        } else {
            self.child[s][0]
        }
    }
    pub fn vertex(&self, x: usize) -> usize {
        assert!(x < self.size);
        self.inverse[x]
    }
    pub fn jump(&self, s: usize, t: usize, mut k: usize, up: &mut Vec<(usize, usize)>, down: &mut Vec<(usize, usize)>) -> Option<usize> {
        assert!(s.max(t) < self.size);
        self.path(s, t, up, down);
        for (l, r) in up.drain(..) {
            if k < r - l {
                return Some(self.vertex(r - 1 - k));
            }
            k -= r - l;
        }
        for (l, r) in down.drain(..) {
            if k < r - l {
                return Some(self.vertex(l + k));
            }
            k -= r - l;
        }
        None
    }
}
// ---------- end Heavy-Light decomposition ----------

// ---------- begin init array ----------
// 初期化配列
// 初期値とサイズを与えて適当にやる系
// new(size, zero): zero埋めした長さsizeの配列を返す
// init(&mut self): 初期化
// init_with(&mut self, f): 非zero な添字とその値をfに渡して初期化
// indexMut でアクセスしたときその履歴を溜め込む
// それ以外でアクセスすると死ぬので注意
//
// 考えるべきこと
// 1. deref で dataへアクセスできるようにしていいか
//    derefmut はダメ
// 2. 今のままだと二次元配列の初期化とかには対応できない
//    なんか方法を考えたい
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct InitArray<T> {
    data: Vec<T>,
    used: Vec<bool>,
    list: Vec<u32>,
    zero: T,
}

impl<T: Copy> InitArray<T> {
    pub fn new(zero: T, size: usize) -> Self {
        InitArray {
            data: vec![zero; size],
            used: vec![false; size],
            list: vec![],
            zero: zero,
        }
    }
    pub fn init(&mut self) {
        self.init_with(|_, _| ());
    }
    pub fn init_with<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
    where
        F: FnMut(usize, T),
    {
        for x in self.list.drain(..) {
            let x = x as usize;
            self.used[x] = false;
            let v = std::mem::replace(&mut self.data[x], self.zero);
            f(x, v);
        }
    }
}

impl<T> std::ops::Index<usize> for InitArray<T> {
    type Output = T;
    fn index(&self, pos: usize) -> &Self::Output {
        &self.data[pos]
    }
}

impl<T> std::ops::IndexMut<usize> for InitArray<T> {
    fn index_mut(&mut self, pos: usize) -> &mut Self::Output {
        if !self.used[pos] {
            self.used[pos] = true;
            self.list.push(pos as u32);
        }
        &mut self.data[pos]
    }
}
// ---------- end init array ----------
// --------- end sieve ----------
pub struct Sieve {
    size: usize,
    factor: Vec<usize>,
}

impl Sieve {
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> Sieve {
        let mut factor = (0..(size + 1)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        for i in (2..).take_while(|p| p * p <= size) {
            if i == factor[i] {
                for j in i..(size / i + 1) {
                    factor[j * i] = i;
                }
            }
        }
        Sieve {
            size: size,
            factor: factor,
        }
    }
    pub fn factor(&self, n: usize) -> Option<usize> {
        assert!(n <= self.size);
        if n == 1 {
            None
        } else {
            Some(self.factor[n])
        }
    }
    pub fn factorize(&self, mut n: usize, res: &mut Vec<usize>) {
        assert!(n <= self.size);
        res.clear();
        res.push(1);
        while let Some(p) = self.factor(n) {
            let len = res.len();
            while n % p == 0 {
                n /= p;
                for _ in 0..len {
                    let v = res[res.len() - len] * p;
                    res.push(v);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
// --------- end sieve ----------
// ---------- begin recurse ----------
// reference
// https://twitter.com/noshi91/status/1393952665566994434
// https://twitter.com/shino16_cp/status/1393933468082397190
pub fn recurse<A, R, F>(f: F) -> impl Fn(A) -> R
where
    F: Fn(&dyn Fn(A) -> R, A) -> R,
{
    fn call<A, R, F>(f: &F, a: A) -> R
    where
        F: Fn(&dyn Fn(A) -> R, A) -> R,
    {
        f(&|a| call(f, a), a)
    }
    move |a| call(&f, a)
}
// ---------- end recurse ----------

// ---------- begin modint ----------
pub const fn pow_mod(mut r: u32, mut n: u32, m: u32) -> u32 {
    let mut t = 1;
    while n > 0 {
        if n & 1 == 1 {
            t = (t as u64 * r as u64 % m as u64) as u32;
        }
        r = (r as u64 * r as u64 % m as u64) as u32;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    t
}

pub const fn primitive_root(p: u32) -> u32 {
    let mut m = p - 1;
    let mut f = [1; 30];
    let mut k = 0;
    let mut d = 2;
    while d * d <= m {
        if m % d == 0 {
            f[k] = d;
            k += 1;
        }
        while m % d == 0 {
            m /= d;
        }
        d += 1;
    }
    if m > 1 {
        f[k] = m;
        k += 1;
    }
    let mut g = 1;
    while g < p {
        let mut ok = true;
        let mut i = 0;
        while i < k {
            ok &= pow_mod(g, (p - 1) / f[i], p) > 1;
            i += 1;
        }
        if ok {
            break;
        }
        g += 1;
    }
    g
}

pub const fn is_prime(n: u32) -> bool {
    if n <= 1 {
        return false;
    }
    let mut d = 2;
    while d * d <= n {
        if n % d == 0 {
            return false;
        }
        d += 1;
    }
    true
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ModInt<const M: u32>(u32);

impl<const M: u32> ModInt<{ M }> {
    const REM: u32 = {
        let mut t = 1u32;
        let mut s = !M + 1;
        let mut n = !0u32 >> 2;
        while n > 0 {
            if n & 1 == 1 {
                t = t.wrapping_mul(s);
            }
            s = s.wrapping_mul(s);
            n >>= 1;
        }
        t
    };
    const INI: u64 = ((1u128 << 64) % M as u128) as u64;
    const IS_PRIME: () = assert!(is_prime(M));
    const PRIMITIVE_ROOT: u32 = primitive_root(M);
    const ORDER: usize = 1 << (M - 1).trailing_zeros();
    const fn reduce(x: u64) -> u32 {
        let _ = Self::IS_PRIME;
        let b = (x as u32 * Self::REM) as u64;
        let t = x + b * M as u64;
        let mut c = (t >> 32) as u32;
        if c >= M {
            c -= M;
        }
        c as u32
    }
    const fn multiply(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
        Self::reduce(a as u64 * b as u64)
    }
    pub const fn new(v: u32) -> Self {
        assert!(v < M);
        Self(Self::reduce(v as u64 * Self::INI))
    }
    pub const fn const_mul(&self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
        Self(Self::multiply(self.0, rhs.0))
    }
    pub const fn pow(&self, mut n: u64) -> Self {
        let mut t = Self::new(1);
        let mut r = *self;
        while n > 0 {
            if n & 1 == 1 {
                t = t.const_mul(r);
            }
            r = r.const_mul(r);
            n >>= 1;
        }
        t
    }
    pub const fn inv(&self) -> Self {
        assert!(self.0 != 0);
        self.pow(M as u64 - 2)
    }
    pub const fn get(&self) -> u32 {
        Self::reduce(self.0 as u64)
    }
    pub const fn zero() -> Self {
        Self::new(0)
    }
    pub const fn one() -> Self {
        Self::new(1)
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> Add for ModInt<{ M }> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
        let mut v = self.0 + rhs.0;
        if v >= M {
            v -= M;
        }
        Self(v)
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> Sub for ModInt<{ M }> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
        let mut v = self.0 - rhs.0;
        if self.0 < rhs.0 {
            v += M;
        }
        Self(v)
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> Mul for ModInt<{ M }> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
        self.const_mul(rhs)
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> Div for ModInt<{ M }> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
        self * rhs.inv()
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> AddAssign for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        *self = *self + rhs;
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> SubAssign for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        *self = *self - rhs;
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> MulAssign for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        *self = *self * rhs;
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> DivAssign for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        *self = *self / rhs;
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> Neg for ModInt<{ M }> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn neg(self) -> Self::Output {
        if self.0 == 0 {
            self
        } else {
            Self(M - self.0)
        }
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> std::fmt::Display for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn fmt<'a>(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'a>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.get())
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> std::fmt::Debug for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn fmt<'a>(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'a>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.get())
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> std::str::FromStr for ModInt<{ M }> {
    type Err = std::num::ParseIntError;
    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
        let val = s.parse::<u32>()?;
        Ok(ModInt::new(val))
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> From<usize> for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn from(val: usize) -> ModInt<{ M }> {
        ModInt::new((val % M as usize) as u32)
    }
}
// ---------- end modint ----------
// ---------- begin precalc ----------
pub struct Precalc<const MOD: u32> {
    fact: Vec<ModInt<MOD>>,
    ifact: Vec<ModInt<MOD>>,
    inv: Vec<ModInt<MOD>>,
}

impl<const MOD: u32> Precalc<MOD> {
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> Self {
        let mut fact = vec![ModInt::one(); size + 1];
        let mut ifact = vec![ModInt::one(); size + 1];
        let mut inv = vec![ModInt::one(); size + 1];
        for i in 2..=size {
            fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * ModInt::from(i);
        }
        ifact[size] = fact[size].inv();
        for i in (2..=size).rev() {
            inv[i] = ifact[i] * fact[i - 1];
            ifact[i - 1] = ifact[i] * ModInt::from(i);
        }
        Self { fact, ifact, inv }
    }
    pub fn fact(&self, n: usize) -> ModInt<MOD> {
        self.fact[n]
    }
    pub fn ifact(&self, n: usize) -> ModInt<MOD> {
        self.ifact[n]
    }
    pub fn inv(&self, n: usize) -> ModInt<MOD> {
        assert!(0 < n);
        self.inv[n]
    }
    pub fn perm(&self, n: usize, k: usize) -> ModInt<MOD> {
        if k > n {
            return ModInt::zero();
        }
        self.fact[n] * self.ifact[n - k]
    }
    pub fn binom(&self, n: usize, k: usize) -> ModInt<MOD> {
        if n < k {
            return ModInt::zero();
        }
        self.fact[n] * self.ifact[k] * self.ifact[n - k]
    }
}
// ---------- end precalc ----------

impl<const M: u32> Zero for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn zero() -> Self {
        Self::zero()
    }
    fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
        self.0 == 0
    }
}

impl<const M: u32> One for ModInt<{ M }> {
    fn one() -> Self {
        Self::one()
    }
    fn is_one(&self) -> bool {
        self.get() == 1
    }
}

// ---------- begin array op ----------

struct NTTPrecalc<const M: u32> {
    sum_e: [ModInt<{ M }>; 30],
    sum_ie: [ModInt<{ M }>; 30],
}

impl<const M: u32> NTTPrecalc<{ M }> {
    const fn new() -> Self {
        let cnt2 = (M - 1).trailing_zeros() as usize;
        let root = ModInt::new(ModInt::<{ M }>::PRIMITIVE_ROOT);
        let zeta = root.pow((M - 1) as u64 >> cnt2);
        let mut es = [ModInt::zero(); 30];
        let mut ies = [ModInt::zero(); 30];
        let mut sum_e = [ModInt::zero(); 30];
        let mut sum_ie = [ModInt::zero(); 30];
        let mut e = zeta;
        let mut ie = e.inv();
        let mut i = cnt2;
        while i >= 2 {
            es[i - 2] = e;
            ies[i - 2] = ie;
            e = e.const_mul(e);
            ie = ie.const_mul(ie);
            i -= 1;
        }
        let mut now = ModInt::one();
        let mut inow = ModInt::one();
        let mut i = 0;
        while i < cnt2 - 1 {
            sum_e[i] = es[i].const_mul(now);
            sum_ie[i] = ies[i].const_mul(inow);
            now = ies[i].const_mul(now);
            inow = es[i].const_mul(inow);
            i += 1;
        }
        Self { sum_e, sum_ie }
    }
}

struct NTTPrecalcHelper<const MOD: u32>;
impl<const MOD: u32> NTTPrecalcHelper<MOD> {
    const A: NTTPrecalc<MOD> = NTTPrecalc::new();
}

pub trait ArrayAdd {
    type Item;
    fn add(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item>;
}

impl<T> ArrayAdd for [T]
where
    T: Zero + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn add(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
        let mut c = vec![T::zero(); self.len().max(rhs.len())];
        c[..self.len()].copy_from_slice(self);
        c.add_assign(rhs);
        c
    }
}

pub trait ArrayAddAssign {
    type Item;
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: &[Self::Item]);
}

impl<T> ArrayAddAssign for [T]
where
    T: Add<Output = T> + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) {
        assert!(self.len() >= rhs.len());
        self.iter_mut().zip(rhs).for_each(|(x, a)| *x = *x + *a);
    }
}

impl<T> ArrayAddAssign for Vec<T>
where
    T: Zero + Add<Output = T> + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) {
        if self.len() < rhs.len() {
            self.resize(rhs.len(), T::zero());
        }
        self.as_mut_slice().add_assign(rhs);
    }
}

pub trait ArraySub {
    type Item;
    fn sub(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item>;
}

impl<T> ArraySub for [T]
where
    T: Zero + Sub<Output = T> + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn sub(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
        let mut c = vec![T::zero(); self.len().max(rhs.len())];
        c[..self.len()].copy_from_slice(self);
        c.sub_assign(rhs);
        c
    }
}

pub trait ArraySubAssign {
    type Item;
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: &[Self::Item]);
}

impl<T> ArraySubAssign for [T]
where
    T: Sub<Output = T> + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) {
        assert!(self.len() >= rhs.len());
        self.iter_mut().zip(rhs).for_each(|(x, a)| *x = *x - *a);
    }
}

impl<T> ArraySubAssign for Vec<T>
where
    T: Zero + Sub<Output = T> + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) {
        if self.len() < rhs.len() {
            self.resize(rhs.len(), T::zero());
        }
        self.as_mut_slice().sub_assign(rhs);
    }
}

pub trait ArrayDot {
    type Item;
    fn dot(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item>;
}

impl<T> ArrayDot for [T]
where
    T: Mul<Output = T> + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn dot(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
        assert!(self.len() == rhs.len());
        self.iter().zip(rhs).map(|p| *p.0 * *p.1).collect()
    }
}

pub trait ArrayDotAssign {
    type Item;
    fn dot_assign(&mut self, rhs: &[Self::Item]);
}

impl<T> ArrayDotAssign for [T]
where
    T: MulAssign + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn dot_assign(&mut self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) {
        assert!(self.len() == rhs.len());
        self.iter_mut().zip(rhs).for_each(|(x, a)| *x *= *a);
    }
}

pub trait ArrayMul {
    type Item;
    fn mul(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item>;
}

impl<T> ArrayMul for [T]
where
    T: Zero + One + Copy,
{
    type Item = T;
    fn mul(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
        if self.is_empty() || rhs.is_empty() {
            return vec![];
        }
        let mut res = vec![T::zero(); self.len() + rhs.len() - 1];
        for (i, a) in self.iter().enumerate() {
            for (res, b) in res[i..].iter_mut().zip(rhs.iter()) {
                *res = *res + *a * *b;
            }
        }
        res
    }
}

// transform でlen=1を指定すればNTTになる
pub trait ArrayConvolution {
    type Item;
    fn transform(&mut self, len: usize);
    fn inverse_transform(&mut self, len: usize);
    fn convolution(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item>;
}

impl<const M: u32> ArrayConvolution for [ModInt<{ M }>] {
    type Item = ModInt<{ M }>;
    fn transform(&mut self, len: usize) {
        let f = self;
        let n = f.len();
        let k = (n / len).trailing_zeros() as usize;
        assert!(len << k == n);
        assert!(k <= ModInt::<{ M }>::ORDER);
        let pre = &NTTPrecalcHelper::<{ M }>::A;
        for ph in 1..=k {
            let p = len << (k - ph);
            let mut now = ModInt::one();
            for (i, f) in f.chunks_exact_mut(2 * p).enumerate() {
                let (x, y) = f.split_at_mut(p);
                for (x, y) in x.iter_mut().zip(y.iter_mut()) {
                    let l = *x;
                    let r = *y * now;
                    *x = l + r;
                    *y = l - r;
                }
                now *= pre.sum_e[(!i).trailing_zeros() as usize];
            }
        }
    }
    fn inverse_transform(&mut self, len: usize) {
        let f = self;
        let n = f.len();
        let k = (n / len).trailing_zeros() as usize;
        assert!(len << k == n);
        assert!(k <= ModInt::<{ M }>::ORDER);
        let pre = &NTTPrecalcHelper::<{ M }>::A;
        for ph in (1..=k).rev() {
            let p = len << (k - ph);
            let mut inow = ModInt::one();
            for (i, f) in f.chunks_exact_mut(2 * p).enumerate() {
                let (x, y) = f.split_at_mut(p);
                for (x, y) in x.iter_mut().zip(y.iter_mut()) {
                    let l = *x;
                    let r = *y;
                    *x = l + r;
                    *y = (l - r) * inow;
                }
                inow *= pre.sum_ie[(!i).trailing_zeros() as usize];
            }
        }
        let ik = ModInt::new(2).inv().pow(k as u64);
        for f in f.iter_mut() {
            *f *= ik;
        }
    }
    fn convolution(&self, rhs: &[Self::Item]) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
        if self.len().min(rhs.len()) <= 32 {
            return self.mul(rhs);
        }
        const PARAM: usize = 10;
        let size = self.len() + rhs.len() - 1;
        let mut k = 0;
        while (size + (1 << k) - 1) >> k > PARAM {
            k += 1;
        }
        let len = (size + (1 << k) - 1) >> k;
        let mut f = vec![ModInt::zero(); len << k];
        let mut g = vec![ModInt::zero(); len << k];
        f[..self.len()].copy_from_slice(self);
        g[..rhs.len()].copy_from_slice(rhs);
        f.transform(len);
        g.transform(len);
        let mut buf = [ModInt::zero(); 2 * PARAM - 1];
        let buf = &mut buf[..(2 * len - 1)];
        let pre = &NTTPrecalcHelper::<{ M }>::A;
        let mut now = ModInt::one();
        for (i, (f, g)) in f
            .chunks_exact_mut(2 * len)
            .zip(g.chunks_exact(2 * len))
            .enumerate()
        {
            let mut r = now;
            for (f, g) in f.chunks_exact_mut(len).zip(g.chunks_exact(len)) {
                buf.fill(ModInt::zero());
                for (i, f) in f.iter().enumerate() {
                    for (buf, g) in buf[i..].iter_mut().zip(g.iter()) {
                        *buf = *buf + *f * *g;
                    }
                }
                f.copy_from_slice(&buf[..len]);
                for (f, buf) in f.iter_mut().zip(buf[len..].iter()) {
                    *f = *f + r * *buf;
                }
                r = -r;
            }
            now *= pre.sum_e[(!i).trailing_zeros() as usize];
        }
        f.inverse_transform(len);
        f.truncate(self.len() + rhs.len() - 1);
        f
    }
}
// ---------- end array op ----------
// ---------- begin trait ----------

use std::ops::*;

pub trait Zero: Sized + Add<Self, Output = Self> {
    fn zero() -> Self;
    fn is_zero(&self) -> bool;
}

pub trait One: Sized + Mul<Self, Output = Self> {
    fn one() -> Self;
    fn is_one(&self) -> bool;
}

pub trait Group: Zero + Sub<Output = Self> + Neg<Output = Self> {}
pub trait SemiRing: Zero + One {}
pub trait Ring: SemiRing + Group {}
pub trait Field: Ring + Div<Output = Self> {}

impl<T> Group for T where T: Zero + Sub<Output = Self> + Neg<Output = Self> {}
impl<T> SemiRing for T where T: Zero + One {}
impl<T> Ring for T where T: SemiRing + Group {}
impl<T> Field for T where T: Ring + Div<Output = Self> {}

pub fn zero<T: Zero>() -> T {
    T::zero()
}

pub fn one<T: One>() -> T {
    T::one()
}

pub fn pow<T: One + Clone>(mut r: T, mut n: usize) -> T {
    let mut t = one();
    while n > 0 {
        if n & 1 == 1 {
            t = t * r.clone();
        }
        r = r.clone() * r;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    t
}

pub fn pow_sum<T: SemiRing + Clone>(r: T, n: usize) -> T {
    if n == 0 {
        T::zero()
    } else if n & 1 == 1 {
        T::one() + r.clone() * pow_sum(r, n - 1)
    } else {
        let a = T::one() + r.clone();
        let b = r.clone() * r;
        a * pow_sum(b, n / 2)
    }
}
// ---------- end trait ----------