#1187800 (C++23) No.3719 Share the Tree

• 問題: No.3719 Share the Tree
• ユーザー: miscalc
• 提出日時: 2026-09-18 23:24:50
• 言語: C++23 (gcc 15.3.0 + boost 1.92.0 + ACL)
• 結果: AC
• 実行時間: 139 ms / 2,000 ms
• コード長: 18,663 bytes
• コンパイル時間: 2,640 ms
• コンパイル使用メモリ: 354,624 KB
• 実行使用メモリ: 6,400 KB
• 平均クエリ数: 2.00
• 最終ジャッジ日時: 2026-09-18 23:25:17
• 合計ジャッジ時間: 6,598 ms
• ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報）: judge3_0 / judge1_1

ファイルパターン	結果
sample	AC * 1
other	AC * 26

ソースコード

// #define MULTI_TESTCASE
// #define AOJ_TESTCASE

// #define FAST_IO
// #define FAST_CIO

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_all.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_all_but_modint.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_types.hpp

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
namespace {
using namespace std;

using ll = long long;
using uint = unsigned int;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using pll = pair<ll, ll>;

#define vc vector

using i128 = __int128_t;
using u128 = __uint128_t;

#define cauto const auto
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_rep.hpp

#define overload4(_1,_2,_3,_4,name,...) name
#define repi1(i,n) for (int i = 0, nnnnn = int(n); i < nnnnn; i++)
#define repi(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, repi3, repi2, repi1)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define fe(...) for (auto __VA_ARGS__)
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_math.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/utils/is_integral_ext.hpp

template <class T>
constexpr bool is_integral_ext = is_integral_v<T> || is_same_v<T, i128> || is_same_v<T, u128>;

template <class T>
constexpr bool is_signed_ext = is_signed_v<T> || is_same_v<T, i128>;

template <class T>
constexpr bool is_unsigned_ext = is_unsigned_v<T> || is_same_v<T, u128>;
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/utils/default_infty.hpp

namespace default_infty_detail
{

  template <class T>
  inline constexpr bool unsupported = false;
}

template <class T = ll, class U, class V, typename = enable_if_t<is_integral_ext<U> && is_integral_ext<V>>>
inline constexpr T divfloor(U a, V b) { return T(a) / T(b) - (T(a) % T(b) && (T(a) ^ T(b)) < 0); }
template <class T = ll, class U, class V, typename = enable_if_t<is_integral_ext<U> && is_integral_ext<V>>>
inline constexpr T safemod(U a, V b) { return T(a) - T(b) * divfloor<T>(a, b); }

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_vector.hpp

#define ALL(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define eb emplace_back

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_algo.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/utils/resolved_infty.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/utils/resolved_value.hpp

template <class T, class = void>
struct has_e0 : false_type {};
template <class T>
struct has_e0<T, void_t<decltype(T::e0())>> : true_type {};
template <class T>
inline constexpr bool has_e0_v = has_e0<T>::value;

namespace internal
{
}

constexpr array<pll, 4> DRULgrid = {{{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}}};
constexpr array<pll, 4> DRULplane = {{{0, -1}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {-1, 0}}};
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_binsearch.hpp

template <class T>
struct is_random_access_iterator
{
  static constexpr bool value = is_same_v<
    typename iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category,
    random_access_iterator_tag
  >;
};
template <class T>
constexpr bool is_random_access_iterator_v = is_random_access_iterator<T>::value;

namespace internal
{
};

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_bit.hpp

template <class T>
inline constexpr ull MASK(T k) { return (1ULL << k) - 1ULL; }

inline constexpr ll bit_width(ll x) { return std::bit_width((ull)x); }

inline constexpr ll bit_floor(ll x) { return std::bit_floor((ull)x); }

inline constexpr ll bit_ceil(ll x) { return std::bit_ceil((ull)x); }
inline constexpr ll countr_zero(ll x) { assert(x != 0); return std::countr_zero((ull)x); }
inline constexpr ll popcount(ll x) { return std::popcount((ull)x); }
inline constexpr bool has_single_bit(ll x) { return std::has_single_bit((ull)x); }

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_inout.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_dump.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_dump_map.hpp

#define dump(...) 
#define oj(...) __VA_ARGS__

template <class T, class U>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T, U> &p)
{
  is >> p.first >> p.second;
  return is;
}
template <class T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vc<T> &a)
{
  const size_t n = a.size();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
    is >> a[i];
  return is;
}

namespace internal
{

template <class... Ts>
void CIN(Ts &...a) { (cin >> ... >> a); }

template <class... Ts>
void READnodump(Ts &...a) { CIN(a...); }

template <class... T>
void READVECnodump(int n, vc<T> &...v)
{
  (v.resize(n), ...);
  READnodump(v...);
}

}; 

#define READ(...) internal::READnodump(__VA_ARGS__); dump(__VA_ARGS__)

#define IN(T,...) T __VA_ARGS__; READ(__VA_ARGS__)

#define LL(...) IN(ll, __VA_ARGS__)
#define STR(...) IN(string, __VA_ARGS__)

#define READVEC(...) internal::READVECnodump(__VA_ARGS__); dump(__VA_ARGS__)

#define VEC(T,n,...) vc<T> __VA_ARGS__; READVEC(n, __VA_ARGS__)

#define ENDL endl

template <class T, class U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &p)
{
  os << p.first << ' ' << p.second;
  return os;
}

template <class... Ts>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const tuple<Ts...> &t);
template <class T, size_t n>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const array<T, n> &a);
template <class T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vc<T> &v)
{
  const size_t n = v.size();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
    if (i)
      os << ' ';
    os << v[i];
  }
  return os;
}

namespace internal
{

template <class... Ts>
void COUTP(const Ts &...a)
{
  if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts))
  {
    int i = 0;
    ((cout << (i++ ? " " : "") << a), ...);
  }
  cout << ENDL;
}

}; 

#define PRINT internal::COUTP

template <class T>
void PRINTV(const vc<T> &v) { for (auto &vi : v) PRINT(vi); }

template <class T, class U, class P>
pair<T, U> &operator+=(pair<T, U> &a, const P &b)
{
  a.first += b.first;
  a.second += b.second;
  return a;
}

namespace internal
{

}; 

template <class T, class Add>
void offset(vc<T> &v, const Add &add) { for (auto &vi : v) vi += add; }

namespace internal
{

};

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_random.hpp

mt19937_64 mt;

namespace internal
{
}; 

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/template_modint.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/modint.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/modint_internal_static.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/utils/larger_int.hpp

namespace larger_int_detail
{
}

template <class T>
struct larger_int
{
private:
  static constexpr bool check();
  static_assert(check());

public:
  using type = T;
};

#define LARGER_INT(T,U) template <> struct larger_int<T> { using type = U; };

LARGER_INT(signed char, short)
LARGER_INT(short, int)
LARGER_INT(int, long long)
LARGER_INT(long, __int128_t)
LARGER_INT(long long, __int128_t)

LARGER_INT(unsigned char, unsigned short)
LARGER_INT(unsigned short, unsigned int)
LARGER_INT(unsigned int, unsigned long long)
LARGER_INT(unsigned long, __uint128_t)
LARGER_INT(unsigned long long, __uint128_t)

#undef LARGER_INT

template <class T>
struct Rational;

template <class T>
struct larger_int<Rational<T>>
{
  using type = Rational<typename larger_int<T>::type>;
};

template <class T>
using larger_int_t = typename larger_int<T>::type;
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/modint_internal_isprime.hpp

namespace internal
{

template <class T>
constexpr ll powmod_constexpr(ll x, ll n, T m)
{
  if (m == 1)
    return 0;
  using U = make_unsigned_t<T>;
  using L = larger_int_t<U>;

  U r = 1, y = safemod(x, m);
  while (n)
  {
    if (n & 1)
      r = L(r) * y % m;
    y = L(y) * y % m;
    n >>= 1;
  }
  return r;
}

template <auto n>
constexpr bool isprime = isprime_constexpr(n);

};

namespace internal
{

template <auto M>
struct policy_static
{
  using mod_type = decltype(M);
  using value_type = make_unsigned_t<mod_type>;
  using calc_type = larger_int_t<value_type>;

  static constexpr bool is_prime = isprime_constexpr(M);

  static constexpr value_type init(value_type v) { return v; }
  static constexpr mod_type val(value_type v);
};

};
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/modint_internal_barrett32.hpp

namespace internal
{

struct barrett32
{
  uint m;
  ull im;
  explicit barrett32(uint m) : m(m), im((ull)(-1) / m + 1) {}
};

template <int id>
struct policy_barrett32
{
  using value_type = uint;
  using calc_type = ull;
  using mod_type = int;
  
  static constexpr bool is_prime = false;
  static inline barrett32 reducer{998244353};
  static value_type init(value_type v) { return v; }
  static mod_type val(value_type v);
};

};
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/modint_internal_montgomery64.hpp

namespace internal
{

inline constexpr ull inv64(ull a)
{
  ull x = a;
  while (a * x != 1) x *= 2 - a * x;
  return x;
}

struct montgomery64odd
{
  ull m, im, sq;
  explicit montgomery64odd(ull m) : m(m), im(inv64(m)), sq(-u128(m) % m) {}
  ull reduce(u128 x) const
  {
    auto t = (x + u128(m) * (-im * ull(x))) >> 64;
    if (t >= m) t -= m;
    return (ull)t;
  }
  ull inv_reduce(i128 v) const { return reduce(u128(v % m + m) * sq); }
};

struct montgomery64
{
  ull m, mx, imx, d, q;
  uint b;
  explicit montgomery64(ull m) : m(m)
  {
    b = countr_zero(m), mx = m >> b; 
    imx = inv64(mx);
    d = powmod_constexpr((mx + 1) / 2, b, mx); 
    u128 sq = -u128(mx) % mx; 
    q = (1 + (((sq - 1) * d) << b)) % m;
  }
  ull reduce(u128 x) const
  {
    if (b == 0)
    {
      auto t = (x + u128(mx) * (-imx * ull(x))) >> 64;
      if (t >= m) t -= m;
      return (ull)t;
    }
    ull p = x & MASK(b); 
    x = (x >> b) + p * d;
    ull y = p << (64 - b);
    auto t = (x + u128(mx) * (imx * (y - ull(x)))) >> (64 - b);
    if (t >= m) { t -= m; if (t >= m) t -= m; }
    return (ull)t;
  }
  ull inv_reduce(i128 v) const { return reduce(u128(v % m + m) * q); }
};

template <int id>
struct policy_montgomery64_odd
{
  using value_type = ull;
  using calc_type = u128;
  using mod_type = ll;

  static constexpr bool is_prime = false;
  static inline montgomery64odd reducer{(1LL << 61) - 1};
  static value_type init(value_type v) { return reducer.inv_reduce(v); }
  static mod_type val(value_type v);
};

template <int id>
struct policy_montgomery64
{
  using value_type = ull;
  using calc_type = u128;
  using mod_type = ll;

  static constexpr bool is_prime = false;
  static inline montgomery64 reducer{(1LL << 61) - 1};
  static value_type init(value_type v) { return reducer.inv_reduce(v); }
  static mod_type val(value_type v);
};

};
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/extgcd.hpp

namespace internal
{

  template <class Policy>
  struct modint_impl
  {
    using V = typename Policy::value_type;
    using M = typename Policy::mod_type;
    using mint = modint_impl;

  private:
    V _v;

  public:

    modint_impl();

    template <class T, typename = enable_if_t<is_integral_ext<T>>>
    modint_impl(T v);

    M val() const;

    friend mint operator+(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; }
    friend mint operator-(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; }
    friend mint operator*(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; }
    friend mint operator/(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; }
    friend bool operator==(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return lhs._v == rhs._v; }
    friend bool operator!=(const mint &lhs, const mint &rhs) { return lhs._v != rhs._v; }
  
    friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, mint &x)
    {
      long long a;
      is >> a;
      x = a;
      return is;
    }
    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const mint &x)
    {
      os << x.val();
      return os;
    }
  };

};

template <int mod>
using static_modint32 = internal::modint_impl<internal::policy_static<mod>>;
template <int id>
using dynamic_modint32 = internal::modint_impl<internal::policy_barrett32<id>>;
template <ll mod>
using static_modint64 = internal::modint_impl<internal::policy_static<mod>>;
template <int id>
using dynamic_modint64_odd = internal::modint_impl<internal::policy_montgomery64_odd<id>>;
template <int id>
using dynamic_modint64 = internal::modint_impl<internal::policy_montgomery64<id>>;

using modint998244353 = static_modint32<998244353>;

template <class T>
struct is_modint : std::false_type
{
};
template <class Policy>
struct is_modint<internal::modint_impl<Policy>> : std::true_type
{
};
template <class T>
inline constexpr bool is_modint_v = is_modint<T>::value;

template <class T>
struct is_static_modint : false_type {};
template <int m>
struct is_static_modint<static_modint32<m>> : true_type {};
template <ll m>
struct is_static_modint<static_modint64<m>> : true_type {};
template <class T>
inline constexpr bool is_static_modint_v = is_static_modint<T>::value;

template <class T>
struct is_dynamic_modint : false_type {};
template <int id>
struct is_dynamic_modint<dynamic_modint32<id>> : true_type {};
template <int id>
struct is_dynamic_modint<dynamic_modint64_odd<id>> : true_type {};
template <int id>
struct is_dynamic_modint<dynamic_modint64<id>> : true_type {};
template <class T>
inline constexpr bool is_dynamic_modint_v = is_dynamic_modint<T>::value;

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/power_table.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/binomial.hpp

template <class T>
struct Binomial
{
private:
  inline static decltype(T::mod()) mod;
  
public:
  inline static vc<T> fac_, finv_, inv_;

};
// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/stom.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/modint/to_rational.hpp

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/math/svp2d.hpp

namespace cpp_dump
{
  template <class T>
  struct rat_value
  {
    T p, q;

    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const rat_value &x)
    {
      os << x.p;
      if (x.q != 1)
        os << '/' << x.q;
      return os;
    }
  };

  template <class T>
  inline constexpr bool rat_is_map = false;
  template <class... Args>
  inline constexpr bool rat_is_map<std::map<Args...>> = true;
  template <class... Args>
  inline constexpr bool rat_is_map<std::multimap<Args...>> = true;
  template <class... Args>
  inline constexpr bool rat_is_map<std::unordered_map<Args...>> = true;
  template <class... Args>
  inline constexpr bool rat_is_map<std::unordered_multimap<Args...>> = true;

}

using mint = modint998244353;
// using mint = modint1000000007;
// using mint = static_modint<1000000000>;
// using mint = modint;

void init()
{
  oj(mt.seed(random_device()()));
}

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/graph/tree/rooted_tree.hpp

struct RootedTree
{
protected:
  static const int MSK = 1 << 30;
  int n;
  vc<int> p_head, dep, pre, post, preinv;
  
public:
  RootedTree() {}

  class ChildIterator;
  class ChildRange;

  class ChildIterator
  {
  private:
    const RootedTree* t;
    int cur;
    friend class RootedTree;
    friend class ChildRange;
    ChildIterator(const RootedTree* t, int cur) : t(t), cur(cur) {}

  public:
    using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
    using value_type        = int;
    using difference_type   = std::ptrdiff_t;
    using pointer           = int*;
    using reference         = int;
    int operator*() const { return t->preinv[cur]; }
    void operator++() { cur = t->post[t->preinv[cur]]; }
    bool operator!=(const ChildIterator& r) const { return cur != r.cur; }
    bool operator==(const ChildIterator& r) const { return cur == r.cur; }
  };

  class ChildRange
  {
  private:
    const RootedTree* t;
    int cur, end_pos;
    friend class RootedTree;
    ChildRange(const RootedTree* t, int cur, int end_pos) : t(t), cur(cur), end_pos(end_pos) {}

  public:
    ChildIterator begin() const { return ChildIterator(t, cur); }
    ChildIterator end() const { return ChildIterator(t, end_pos); }
  };

};

// https://cp-algorithms.com/graph/pruefer_code.html
vector<vector<int>> adj;
vector<int> parent;

void dfs(int v) {
    for (int u : adj[v]) {
        if (u != parent[v]) {
            parent[u] = v;
            dfs(u);
        }
    }
}

vector<int> pruefer_code() {
    int n = adj.size();
    parent.resize(n);
    parent[n-1] = -1;
    dfs(n-1);

    int ptr = -1;
    vector<int> degree(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        degree[i] = adj[i].size();
        if (degree[i] == 1 && ptr == -1)
            ptr = i;
    }

    vector<int> code(n - 2);
    int leaf = ptr;
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 2; i++) {
        int next = parent[leaf];
        code[i] = next;
        if (--degree[next] == 1 && next < ptr) {
            leaf = next;
        } else {
            ptr++;
            while (degree[ptr] != 1)
                ptr++;
            leaf = ptr;
        }
    }

    return code;
}

vector<pair<int, int>> pruefer_decode(vector<int> const& code) {
    int n = code.size() + 2;
    vector<int> degree(n, 1);
    for (int i : code)
        degree[i]++;

    int ptr = 0;
    while (degree[ptr] != 1)
        ptr++;
    int leaf = ptr;

    vector<pair<int, int>> edges;
    for (int v : code) {
        edges.emplace_back(leaf, v);
        if (--degree[v] == 1 && v < ptr) {
            leaf = v;
        } else {
            ptr++;
            while (degree[ptr] != 1)
                ptr++;
            leaf = ptr;
        }
    }
    edges.emplace_back(leaf, n-1);
    return edges;
}

void main2()
{
  STR(player);
  if (player == "Alice")
  {
    LL(N);
    PRINT(N - 2);
    VEC(pll, N - 1, UV);
    offset(UV, pll{-1, -1});

    adj.resize(N);
    fe([ u, v ] : UV) adj[u].eb(v), adj[v].eb(u);
    auto ans = pruefer_code();
    offset(ans, 1);
    PRINT(ans);
  }
  else
  {
    LL(N);
    PRINT(N - 2);
    VEC(int, N - 2, A);
    offset(A, -1);
    auto UV = pruefer_decode(A);
    offset(UV, pll{1, 1});
    PRINTV(UV);
  }
}

void test()
{

}

// https://github.com/miscalculation53/library/tree/wip/template/template_main.hpp

template <auto init, auto main2, auto test>
struct Main
{
  Main()
  {
    cauto CERR = [](string val, string color)
    {
      string s = "\033[" + color + "m" + val + "\033[m";
      
    };
  
    cout << fixed << setprecision(20);
  
    init();
    
    CERR("\n[SINGLE_TESTCASE]\n\n", "36");
    main2();
  }
};
Main<init, main2, test> main_dummy;
}
int main() {}