結果
| 問題 | No.2166 Paint and Fill |
| ユーザー |
👑  hos.lyric
|
| 提出日時 | 2022-12-18 03:56:06 |
| 言語 | C++14 (gcc 12.3.0 + boost 1.83.0) |
| 結果 |
RE
|
| 実行時間 | - |
| コード長 | 50,103 bytes |
| コンパイル時間 | 2,827 ms |
| コンパイル使用メモリ | 141,468 KB |
| 実行使用メモリ | 47,472 KB |
| 最終ジャッジ日時 | 2024-11-17 12:40:42 |
| 合計ジャッジ時間 | 19,395 ms |
|
ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報） |
judge3 / judge1 |
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テストケース
テストケース表示| 入力 | 結果 | 実行時間 実行使用メモリ |
|---|---|---|
| testcase_00 | AC | 24 ms
16,000 KB |
| testcase_01 | RE | - |
| testcase_02 | AC | 202 ms
18,560 KB |
| testcase_03 | AC | 24 ms
16,000 KB |
| testcase_04 | AC | 25 ms
16,256 KB |
| testcase_05 | AC | 25 ms
16,128 KB |
| testcase_06 | AC | 26 ms
16,256 KB |
| testcase_07 | AC | 27 ms
16,128 KB |
| testcase_08 | RE | - |
| testcase_09 | RE | - |
| testcase_10 | RE | - |
| testcase_11 | RE | - |
| testcase_12 | RE | - |
| testcase_13 | RE | - |
| testcase_14 | RE | - |
| testcase_15 | RE | - |
| testcase_16 | RE | - |
| testcase_17 | RE | - |
| testcase_18 | RE | - |
| testcase_19 | RE | - |
| testcase_20 | RE | - |
| testcase_21 | RE | - |
| testcase_22 | AC | 497 ms
47,472 KB |
| testcase_23 | RE | - |
| testcase_24 | RE | - |
| testcase_25 | RE | - |
| testcase_26 | RE | - |
| testcase_27 | RE | - |
| testcase_28 | RE | - |
| testcase_29 | RE | - |
| testcase_30 | RE | - |
| testcase_31 | RE | - |
| testcase_32 | RE | - |
| testcase_33 | RE | - |
| testcase_34 | RE | - |
| testcase_35 | RE | - |
| testcase_36 | RE | - |
| testcase_37 | RE | - |
| testcase_38 | RE | - |
| testcase_39 | RE | - |
ソースコード
// TODO: poly matrix prod wo ganbaru
// tasukete~
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <complex>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
template <class T1, class T2> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T1, T2> &a) { return os << "(" << a.first << ", " << a.second << ")"; };
template <class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &as) { const int sz = as.size(); os << "["; for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) { if (i >= 256) { os << ", ..."; break; } if (i > 0) { os << ", "; } os << as[i]; } return os << "]"; }
template <class T> void pv(T a, T b) { for (T i = a; i != b; ++i) cerr << *i << " "; cerr << endl; }
template <class T> bool chmin(T &t, const T &f) { if (t > f) { t = f; return true; } return false; }
template <class T> bool chmax(T &t, const T &f) { if (t < f) { t = f; return true; } return false; }
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <unsigned M_> struct ModInt {
static constexpr unsigned M = M_;
unsigned x;
constexpr ModInt() : x(0U) {}
constexpr ModInt(unsigned x_) : x(x_ % M) {}
constexpr ModInt(unsigned long long x_) : x(x_ % M) {}
constexpr ModInt(int x_) : x(((x_ %= static_cast<int>(M)) < 0) ? (x_ + static_cast<int>(M)) : x_) {}
constexpr ModInt(long long x_) : x(((x_ %= static_cast<long long>(M)) < 0) ? (x_ + static_cast<long long>(M)) : x_) {}
ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &a) { x = ((x += a.x) >= M) ? (x - M) : x; return *this; }
ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &a) { x = ((x -= a.x) >= M) ? (x + M) : x; return *this; }
ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &a) { x = (static_cast<unsigned long long>(x) * a.x) % M; return *this; }
ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &a) { return (*this *= a.inv()); }
ModInt pow(long long e) const {
if (e < 0) return inv().pow(-e);
ModInt a = *this, b = 1U; for (; e; e >>= 1) { if (e & 1) b *= a; a *= a; } return b;
}
ModInt inv() const {
unsigned a = M, b = x; int y = 0, z = 1;
for (; b; ) { const unsigned q = a / b; const unsigned c = a - q * b; a = b; b = c; const int w = y - static_cast<int>(q) * z; y = z; z = w; }
assert(a == 1U); return ModInt(y);
}
ModInt operator+() const { return *this; }
ModInt operator-() const { ModInt a; a.x = x ? (M - x) : 0U; return a; }
ModInt operator+(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) += a); }
ModInt operator-(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) -= a); }
ModInt operator*(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) *= a); }
ModInt operator/(const ModInt &a) const { return (ModInt(*this) /= a); }
template <class T> friend ModInt operator+(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) += b); }
template <class T> friend ModInt operator-(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) -= b); }
template <class T> friend ModInt operator*(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) *= b); }
template <class T> friend ModInt operator/(T a, const ModInt &b) { return (ModInt(a) /= b); }
explicit operator bool() const { return x; }
bool operator==(const ModInt &a) const { return (x == a.x); }
bool operator!=(const ModInt &a) const { return (x != a.x); }
friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const ModInt &a) { return os << a.x; }
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
constexpr unsigned MO = 998244353U;
constexpr unsigned MO2 = 2U * MO;
constexpr int FFT_MAX = 23;
using Mint = ModInt<MO>;
constexpr Mint FFT_ROOTS[FFT_MAX + 1] = {1U, 998244352U, 911660635U, 372528824U, 929031873U, 452798380U, 922799308U, 781712469U, 476477967U, 166035806U, 258648936U, 584193783U, 63912897U, 350007156U, 666702199U, 968855178U, 629671588U, 24514907U, 996173970U, 363395222U, 565042129U, 733596141U, 267099868U, 15311432U};
constexpr Mint INV_FFT_ROOTS[FFT_MAX + 1] = {1U, 998244352U, 86583718U, 509520358U, 337190230U, 87557064U, 609441965U, 135236158U, 304459705U, 685443576U, 381598368U, 335559352U, 129292727U, 358024708U, 814576206U, 708402881U, 283043518U, 3707709U, 121392023U, 704923114U, 950391366U, 428961804U, 382752275U, 469870224U};
constexpr Mint FFT_RATIOS[FFT_MAX] = {911660635U, 509520358U, 369330050U, 332049552U, 983190778U, 123842337U, 238493703U, 975955924U, 603855026U, 856644456U, 131300601U, 842657263U, 730768835U, 942482514U, 806263778U, 151565301U, 510815449U, 503497456U, 743006876U, 741047443U, 56250497U, 867605899U};
constexpr Mint INV_FFT_RATIOS[FFT_MAX] = {86583718U, 372528824U, 373294451U, 645684063U, 112220581U, 692852209U, 155456985U, 797128860U, 90816748U, 860285882U, 927414960U, 354738543U, 109331171U, 293255632U, 535113200U, 308540755U, 121186627U, 608385704U, 438932459U, 359477183U, 824071951U, 103369235U};
// as[rev(i)] <- \sum_j \zeta^(ij) as[j]
void fft(Mint *as, int n) {
assert(!(n & (n - 1))); assert(1 <= n); assert(n <= 1 << FFT_MAX);
int m = n;
if (m >>= 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
const unsigned x = as[i + m].x; // < MO
as[i + m].x = as[i].x + MO - x; // < 2 MO
as[i].x += x; // < 2 MO
}
}
if (m >>= 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m]).x; // < MO
as[i + m].x = as[i].x + MO - x; // < 3 MO
as[i].x += x; // < 3 MO
}
prod *= FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
}
for (; m; ) {
if (m >>= 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m]).x; // < MO
as[i + m].x = as[i].x + MO - x; // < 4 MO
as[i].x += x; // < 4 MO
}
prod *= FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
}
if (m >>= 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m]).x; // < MO
as[i].x = (as[i].x >= MO2) ? (as[i].x - MO2) : as[i].x; // < 2 MO
as[i + m].x = as[i].x + MO - x; // < 3 MO
as[i].x += x; // < 3 MO
}
prod *= FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
as[i].x = (as[i].x >= MO2) ? (as[i].x - MO2) : as[i].x; // < 2 MO
as[i].x = (as[i].x >= MO) ? (as[i].x - MO) : as[i].x; // < MO
}
}
// as[i] <- (1/n) \sum_j \zeta^(-ij) as[rev(j)]
void invFft(Mint *as, int n) {
assert(!(n & (n - 1))); assert(1 <= n); assert(n <= 1 << FFT_MAX);
int m = 1;
if (m < n >> 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned long long y = as[i].x + MO - as[i + m].x; // < 2 MO
as[i].x += as[i + m].x; // < 2 MO
as[i + m].x = (prod.x * y) % MO; // < MO
}
prod *= INV_FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
m <<= 1;
}
for (; m < n >> 1; m <<= 1) {
Mint prod = 1U;
for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)) {
for (int i = i0; i < i0 + (m >> 1); ++i) {
const unsigned long long y = as[i].x + MO2 - as[i + m].x; // < 4 MO
as[i].x += as[i + m].x; // < 4 MO
as[i].x = (as[i].x >= MO2) ? (as[i].x - MO2) : as[i].x; // < 2 MO
as[i + m].x = (prod.x * y) % MO; // < MO
}
for (int i = i0 + (m >> 1); i < i0 + m; ++i) {
const unsigned long long y = as[i].x + MO - as[i + m].x; // < 2 MO
as[i].x += as[i + m].x; // < 2 MO
as[i + m].x = (prod.x * y) % MO; // < MO
}
prod *= INV_FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)];
}
}
if (m < n) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
const unsigned y = as[i].x + MO2 - as[i + m].x; // < 4 MO
as[i].x += as[i + m].x; // < 4 MO
as[i + m].x = y; // < 4 MO
}
}
const Mint invN = Mint(n).inv();
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
as[i] *= invN;
}
}
void fft(vector<Mint> &as) {
fft(as.data(), as.size());
}
void invFft(vector<Mint> &as) {
invFft(as.data(), as.size());
}
vector<Mint> convolve(vector<Mint> as, vector<Mint> bs) {
if (as.empty() || bs.empty()) return {};
const int len = as.size() + bs.size() - 1;
int n = 1;
for (; n < len; n <<= 1) {}
as.resize(n); fft(as);
bs.resize(n); fft(bs);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) as[i] *= bs[i];
invFft(as);
as.resize(len);
return as;
}
vector<Mint> square(vector<Mint> as) {
if (as.empty()) return {};
const int len = as.size() + as.size() - 1;
int n = 1;
for (; n < len; n <<= 1) {}
as.resize(n); fft(as);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) as[i] *= as[i];
invFft(as);
as.resize(len);
return as;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// inv: log, exp, pow
// fac: shift
// invFac: shift
constexpr int LIM_INV = 1 << 20; // @
Mint inv[LIM_INV], fac[LIM_INV], invFac[LIM_INV];
struct ModIntPreparator {
ModIntPreparator() {
inv[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < LIM_INV; ++i) inv[i] = -((Mint::M / i) * inv[Mint::M % i]);
fac[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < LIM_INV; ++i) fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i;
invFac[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < LIM_INV; ++i) invFac[i] = invFac[i - 1] * inv[i];
}
} preparator;
// polyWork0: *, inv, div, divAt, log, exp, pow, sqrt, shift
// polyWork1: inv, div, divAt, log, exp, pow, sqrt, shift
// polyWork2: divAt, exp, pow, sqrt
// polyWork3: exp, pow, sqrt
static constexpr int LIM_POLY = 1 << 20; // @
static_assert(LIM_POLY <= 1 << FFT_MAX, "Poly: LIM_POLY <= 1 << FFT_MAX must hold.");
static Mint polyWork0[LIM_POLY], polyWork1[LIM_POLY], polyWork2[LIM_POLY], polyWork3[LIM_POLY];
struct Poly : public vector<Mint> {
Poly() {}
explicit Poly(int n) : vector<Mint>(n) {}
Poly(const vector<Mint> &vec) : vector<Mint>(vec) {}
Poly(std::initializer_list<Mint> il) : vector<Mint>(il) {}
int size() const { return vector<Mint>::size(); }
Mint at(long long k) const { return (0 <= k && k < size()) ? (*this)[k] : 0U; }
int ord() const { for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) if ((*this)[i]) return i; return -1; }
int deg() const { for (int i = size(); --i >= 0; ) if ((*this)[i]) return i; return -1; }
Poly mod(int n) const { return Poly(vector<Mint>(data(), data() + min(n, size()))); }
friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Poly &fs) {
os << "[";
for (int i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) { if (i > 0) os << ", "; os << fs[i]; }
return os << "]";
}
Poly &operator+=(const Poly &fs) {
if (size() < fs.size()) resize(fs.size());
for (int i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) (*this)[i] += fs[i];
return *this;
}
Poly &operator-=(const Poly &fs) {
if (size() < fs.size()) resize(fs.size());
for (int i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) (*this)[i] -= fs[i];
return *this;
}
// 3 E(|t| + |f|)
Poly &operator*=(const Poly &fs) {
if (empty() || fs.empty()) return *this = {};
const int nt = size(), nf = fs.size();
int n = 1;
for (; n < nt + nf - 1; n <<= 1) {}
assert(n <= LIM_POLY);
resize(n);
fft(data(), n); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork0, fs.data(), nf * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + nf, 0, (n - nf) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, n); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] *= polyWork0[i];
invFft(data(), n); // 1 E(n)
resize(nt + nf - 1);
return *this;
}
// 13 E(deg(t) - deg(f) + 1)
// rev(t) = rev(f) rev(q) + x^(deg(t)-deg(f)+1) rev(r)
Poly &operator/=(const Poly &fs) {
const int m = deg(), n = fs.deg();
assert(n != -1);
if (m < n) return *this = {};
Poly tsRev(m - n + 1), fsRev(min(m - n, n) + 1);
for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; ++i) tsRev[i] = (*this)[m - i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m - n, n); i <= i0; ++i) fsRev[i] = fs[n - i];
const Poly qsRev = tsRev.div(fsRev, m - n + 1); // 13 E(m - n + 1)
resize(m - n + 1);
for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; ++i) (*this)[i] = qsRev[m - n - i];
return *this;
}
// 13 E(deg(t) - deg(f) + 1) + 3 E(|t|)
Poly &operator%=(const Poly &fs) {
const Poly qs = *this / fs; // 13 E(deg(t) - deg(f) + 1)
*this -= fs * qs; // 3 E(|t|)
resize(deg() + 1);
return *this;
}
Poly &operator*=(const Mint &a) {
for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) (*this)[i] *= a;
return *this;
}
Poly &operator/=(const Mint &a) {
const Mint b = a.inv();
for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) (*this)[i] *= b;
return *this;
}
Poly operator+() const { return *this; }
Poly operator-() const {
Poly fs(size());
for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) fs[i] = -(*this)[i];
return fs;
}
Poly operator+(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) += fs); }
Poly operator-(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) -= fs); }
Poly operator*(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) *= fs); }
Poly operator/(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) /= fs); }
Poly operator%(const Poly &fs) const { return (Poly(*this) %= fs); }
Poly operator*(const Mint &a) const { return (Poly(*this) *= a); }
Poly operator/(const Mint &a) const { return (Poly(*this) /= a); }
friend Poly operator*(const Mint &a, const Poly &fs) { return fs * a; }
// 10 E(n)
// f <- f - (t f - 1) f
Poly inv(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0]); assert(1 <= n);
assert(n == 1 || 1 << (32 - __builtin_clz(n - 1)) <= LIM_POLY);
Poly fs(n);
fs[0] = (*this)[0].inv();
for (int m = 1; m < n; m <<= 1) {
memcpy(polyWork0, data(), min(m << 1, size()) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + min(m << 1, size()), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), min(m << 1, n) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + min(m << 1, n), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, n)) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
memset(polyWork0, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
for (int i = m, i0 = min(m << 1, n); i < i0; ++i) fs[i] = -polyWork0[i];
}
return fs;
}
// 9 E(n)
// Need (4 m)-th roots of unity to lift from (mod x^m) to (mod x^(2m)).
// f <- f - (t f - 1) f
// (t f^2) mod ((x^(2m) - 1) (x^m - 1^(1/4)))
/*
Poly inv(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0]); assert(1 <= n);
assert(n == 1 || 3 << (31 - __builtin_clz(n - 1)) <= LIM_POLY);
assert(n <= 1 << (FFT_MAX - 1));
Poly fs(n);
fs[0] = (*this)[0].inv();
for (int h = 2, m = 1; m < n; ++h, m <<= 1) {
const Mint a = FFT_ROOTS[h], b = INV_FFT_ROOTS[h];
memcpy(polyWork0, data(), min(m << 1, size()) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + min(m << 1, size()), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
{
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork0[(m << 1) + i] = aa * polyWork0[i]; aa *= a; }
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork0[(m << 1) + i] += aa * polyWork0[m + i]; aa *= a; }
}
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
fft(polyWork0 + (m << 1), m); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), min(m << 1, n) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + min(m << 1, n), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, n)) * sizeof(Mint));
{
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork1[(m << 1) + i] = aa * polyWork1[i]; aa *= a; }
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork1[(m << 1) + i] += aa * polyWork1[m + i]; aa *= a; }
}
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
fft(polyWork1 + (m << 1), m); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < (m << 1) + m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i] * polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(n)
invFft(polyWork0 + (m << 1), m); // 1 E(n)
// 2 f0 + (-f2), (-f1) + (-f3), 1^(1/4) (-f1) - (-f2) - 1^(1/4) (-f3)
{
Mint bb = 1;
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, n - m); i < i0; ++i) {
unsigned x = polyWork0[i].x + (bb * polyWork0[(m << 1) + i]).x + MO2 - (fs[i].x << 1); // < 4 MO
fs[m + i] = Mint(static_cast<unsigned long long>(FFT_ROOTS[2].x) * x) - polyWork0[m + i];
fs[m + i].x = ((fs[m + i].x & 1) ? (fs[m + i].x + MO) : fs[m + i].x) >> 1;
bb *= b;
}
}
}
return fs;
}
*/
// 13 E(n)
// g = (1 / f) mod x^m
// h <- h - (f h - t) g
Poly div(const Poly &fs, int n) const {
assert(!fs.empty()); assert(fs[0]); assert(1 <= n);
if (n == 1) return {at(0) / fs[0]};
// m < n <= 2 m
const int m = 1 << (31 - __builtin_clz(n - 1));
assert(m << 1 <= LIM_POLY);
Poly gs = fs.inv(m); // 5 E(n)
gs.resize(m << 1);
fft(gs.data(), m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork0, data(), min(m, size()) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + min(m, size()), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= gs[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
Poly hs(n);
memcpy(hs.data(), polyWork0, m * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), min(m << 1, fs.size()) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + min(m << 1, fs.size()), 0, ((m << 1) - min(m << 1, fs.size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memset(polyWork0, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
for (int i = m, i0 = min(m << 1, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] -= (*this)[i];
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= gs[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = m; i < n; ++i) hs[i] = -polyWork0[i];
return hs;
}
// (4 (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) + 16) E(|f|) for |t| < |f|
// [x^k] (t(x) / f(x)) = [x^k] ((t(x) f(-x)) / (f(x) f(-x))
// polyWork0: half of (2 m)-th roots of unity, inversed, bit-reversed
Mint divAt(const Poly &fs, long long k) const {
assert(k >= 0);
if (size() >= fs.size()) {
const Poly qs = *this / fs; // 13 E(deg(t) - deg(f) + 1)
Poly rs = *this - fs * qs; // 3 E(|t|)
rs.resize(rs.deg() + 1);
return qs.at(k) + rs.divAt(fs, k);
}
int h = 0, m = 1;
for (; m < fs.size(); ++h, m <<= 1) {}
if (k < m) {
const Poly gs = fs.inv(k + 1); // 10 E(|f|)
Mint sum;
for (int i = 0, i0 = min<int>(k + 1, size()); i < i0; ++i) sum += (*this)[i] * gs[k - i];
return sum;
}
assert(m << 1 <= LIM_POLY);
polyWork0[0] = Mint(2U).inv();
for (int hh = 0; hh < h; ++hh) for (int i = 0; i < 1 << hh; ++i) polyWork0[1 << hh | i] = polyWork0[i] * INV_FFT_ROOTS[hh + 2];
const Mint a = FFT_ROOTS[h + 1];
memcpy(polyWork2, data(), size() * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork2 + size(), 0, ((m << 1) - size()) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork2, m << 1); // 2 E(|f|)
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), fs.size() * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + fs.size(), 0, ((m << 1) - fs.size()) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 2 E(|f|)
for (; ; ) {
if (k & 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork2[i] = polyWork0[i] * (polyWork2[i << 1 | 0] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 1] - polyWork2[i << 1 | 1] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 0]);
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
polyWork2[i] = polyWork2[i << 1 | 0] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 1] + polyWork2[i << 1 | 1] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 0];
polyWork2[i].x = ((polyWork2[i].x & 1) ? (polyWork2[i].x + MO) : polyWork2[i].x) >> 1;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[i] = polyWork1[i << 1 | 0] * polyWork1[i << 1 | 1];
if ((k >>= 1) < m) {
invFft(polyWork2, m); // 1 E(|f|)
invFft(polyWork1, m); // 1 E(|f|)
// Poly::inv does not use polyWork2
const Poly gs = Poly(vector<Mint>(polyWork1, polyWork1 + k + 1)).inv(k + 1); // 10 E(|f|)
Mint sum;
for (int i = 0; i <= k; ++i) sum += polyWork2[i] * gs[k - i];
return sum;
}
memcpy(polyWork2 + m, polyWork2, m * sizeof(Mint));
invFft(polyWork2 + m, m); // (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) E(|f|)
memcpy(polyWork1 + m, polyWork1, m * sizeof(Mint));
invFft(polyWork1 + m, m); // (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) E(|f|)
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) { polyWork2[i] *= aa; polyWork1[i] *= aa; aa *= a; }
fft(polyWork2 + m, m); // (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) E(|f|)
fft(polyWork1 + m, m); // (floor(log_2 k) - ceil(log_2 |f|)) E(|f|)
}
}
// 13 E(n)
// D log(t) = (D t) / t
Poly log(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0].x == 1U); assert(n <= LIM_INV);
Poly fs = mod(n);
for (int i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) fs[i] *= i;
fs = fs.div(*this, n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) fs[i] *= ::inv[i];
return fs;
}
// (16 + 1/2) E(n)
// f = exp(t) mod x^m ==> (D f) / f == D t (mod x^m)
// g = (1 / exp(t)) mod x^m
// f <- f - (log f - t) / (1 / f)
// = f - (I ((D f) / f) - t) f
// == f - (I ((D f) / f + (f g - 1) ((D f) / f - D (t mod x^m))) - t) f (mod x^(2m))
// = f - (I (g (D f - f D (t mod x^m)) + D (t mod x^m)) - t) f
// g <- g - (f g - 1) g
// polyWork1: DFT(f, 2 m), polyWork2: g, polyWork3: DFT(g, 2 m)
Poly exp(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert(!(*this)[0]); assert(1 <= n);
assert(n == 1 || 1 << (32 - __builtin_clz(n - 1)) <= min(LIM_INV, LIM_POLY));
if (n == 1) return {1U};
if (n == 2) return {1U, at(1)};
Poly fs(n);
fs[0].x = polyWork1[0].x = polyWork1[1].x = polyWork2[0].x = 1U;
int m;
for (m = 1; m << 1 < n; m <<= 1) {
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] = i * (*this)[i];
memset(polyWork0 + min(m, size()), 0, (m - min(m, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] -= i * fs[i];
memset(polyWork0 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork3, polyWork2, m * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork3 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork3, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= ::inv[m + i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size() - m); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] += (*this)[m + i];
memset(polyWork0 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(fs.data() + m, polyWork0, m * sizeof(Mint));
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), (m << 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + (m << 1), 0, (m << 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 2); // 2 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] = polyWork1[i] * polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memset(polyWork0, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork2[i] = -polyWork0[i];
}
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] = i * (*this)[i];
memset(polyWork0 + min(m, size()), 0, (m - min(m, size())) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] -= i * fs[i];
memcpy(polyWork0 + m, polyWork0 + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork0 + m + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
fft(polyWork0 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
memcpy(polyWork3 + m, polyWork2 + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork3 + m + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork3 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[m + i] = polyWork0[i] * polyWork3[m + i] + polyWork0[m + i] * polyWork3[i];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m); // (1/2) E(n)
invFft(polyWork0 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m >> 1; ++i) polyWork0[(m >> 1) + i] += polyWork0[m + i];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= ::inv[m + i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size() - m); i < i0; ++i) polyWork0[i] += (*this)[m + i];
memset(polyWork0 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(fs.data() + m, polyWork0, (n - m) * sizeof(Mint));
return fs;
}
// (29 + 1/2) E(n)
// g <- g - (log g - a log t) g
Poly pow(Mint a, int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0].x == 1U); assert(1 <= n);
return (a * log(n)).exp(n); // 13 E(n) + (16 + 1/2) E(n)
}
// (29 + 1/2) E(n - a ord(t))
Poly pow(long long a, int n) const {
assert(a >= 0); assert(1 <= n);
if (a == 0) { Poly gs(n); gs[0].x = 1U; return gs; }
const int o = ord();
if (o == -1 || o > (n - 1) / a) return Poly(n);
const Mint b = (*this)[o].inv(), c = (*this)[o].pow(a);
const int ntt = min<int>(n - a * o, size() - o);
Poly tts(ntt);
for (int i = 0; i < ntt; ++i) tts[i] = b * (*this)[o + i];
tts = tts.pow(Mint(a), n - a * o); // (29 + 1/2) E(n - a ord(t))
Poly gs(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n - a * o; ++i) gs[a * o + i] = c * tts[i];
return gs;
}
// (10 + 1/2) E(n)
// f = t^(1/2) mod x^m, g = 1 / t^(1/2) mod x^m
// f <- f - (f^2 - h) g / 2
// g <- g - (f g - 1) g
// polyWork1: DFT(f, m), polyWork2: g, polyWork3: DFT(g, 2 m)
Poly sqrt(int n) const {
assert(!empty()); assert((*this)[0].x == 1U); assert(1 <= n);
assert(n == 1 || 1 << (32 - __builtin_clz(n - 1)) <= LIM_POLY);
if (n == 1) return {1U};
if (n == 2) return {1U, at(1) / 2};
Poly fs(n);
fs[0].x = polyWork1[0].x = polyWork2[0].x = 1U;
int m;
for (m = 1; m << 1 < n; m <<= 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork1, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork1[i] -= (*this)[i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size() - m); i < i0; ++i) polyWork1[i] -= (*this)[m + i];
memset(polyWork1 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memcpy(polyWork3, polyWork2, m * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork3 + m, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork3, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { polyWork1[i] = -polyWork1[i]; fs[m + i].x = ((polyWork1[i].x & 1) ? (polyWork1[i].x + MO) : polyWork1[i].x) >> 1; }
memcpy(polyWork1, fs.data(), (m << 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] = polyWork1[i] * polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
memset(polyWork0, 0, m * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 1 E(n)
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork2[i] = -polyWork0[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork1, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size()); i < i0; ++i) polyWork1[i] -= (*this)[i];
for (int i = 0, i0 = min(m, size() - m); i < i0; ++i) polyWork1[i] -= (*this)[m + i];
memcpy(polyWork1 + m, polyWork1 + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork1 + m + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m); // (1/2) E(n)
fft(polyWork1 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
memcpy(polyWork3 + m, polyWork2 + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
memset(polyWork3 + m + (m >> 1), 0, (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork3 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
// for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork3[i];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[m + i] = polyWork1[i] * polyWork3[m + i] + polyWork1[m + i] * polyWork3[i];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) polyWork1[i] *= polyWork3[i];
invFft(polyWork1, m); // (1/2) E(n)
invFft(polyWork1 + m, m); // (1/2) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m >> 1; ++i) polyWork1[(m >> 1) + i] += polyWork1[m + i];
for (int i = 0; i < n - m; ++i) { polyWork1[i] = -polyWork1[i]; fs[m + i].x = ((polyWork1[i].x & 1) ? (polyWork1[i].x + MO) : polyWork1[i].x) >> 1; }
return fs;
}
// (10 + 1/2) E(n)
// modSqrt must return a quadratic residue if exists, or anything otherwise.
// Return {} if *this does not have a square root.
template <class F> Poly sqrt(int n, F modSqrt) const {
assert(1 <= n);
const int o = ord();
if (o == -1) return Poly(n);
if (o & 1) return {};
const Mint c = modSqrt((*this)[o]);
if (c * c != (*this)[o]) return {};
if (o >> 1 >= n) return Poly(n);
const Mint b = (*this)[o].inv();
const int ntt = min(n - (o >> 1), size() - o);
Poly tts(ntt);
for (int i = 0; i < ntt; ++i) tts[i] = b * (*this)[o + i];
tts = tts.sqrt(n - (o >> 1)); // (10 + 1/2) E(n)
Poly gs(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n - (o >> 1); ++i) gs[(o >> 1) + i] = c * tts[i];
return gs;
}
// 6 E(|t|)
// x -> x + a
Poly shift(const Mint &a) const {
if (empty()) return {};
const int n = size();
int m = 1;
for (; m < n; m <<= 1) {}
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) polyWork0[i] = fac[i] * (*this)[i];
memset(polyWork0 + n, 0, ((m << 1) - n) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(|t|)
{
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { polyWork1[n - 1 - i] = invFac[i] * aa; aa *= a; }
}
memset(polyWork1 + n, 0, ((m << 1) - n) * sizeof(Mint));
fft(polyWork1, m << 1); // 2 E(|t|)
for (int i = 0; i < m << 1; ++i) polyWork0[i] *= polyWork1[i];
invFft(polyWork0, m << 1); // 2 E(|t|)
Poly fs(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) fs[i] = invFac[i] * polyWork0[n - 1 + i];
return fs;
}
};
Mint linearRecurrenceAt(const vector<Mint> &as, const vector<Mint> &cs, long long k) {
assert(!cs.empty()); assert(cs[0]);
const int d = cs.size() - 1;
assert(as.size() >= static_cast<size_t>(d));
return (Poly(vector<Mint>(as.begin(), as.begin() + d)) * cs).mod(d).divAt(cs, k);
}
struct SubproductTree {
int logN, n, nn;
vector<Mint> xs;
// [DFT_4((X-xs[0])(X-xs[1])(X-xs[2])(X-xs[3]))] [(X-xs[0])(X-xs[1])(X-xs[2])(X-xs[3])mod X^4]
// [ DFT_4((X-xs[0])(X-xs[1])) ] [ DFT_4((X-xs[2])(X-xs[3])) ]
// [ DFT_2(X-xs[0]) ] [ DFT_2(X-xs[1]) ] [ DFT_2(X-xs[2]) ] [ DFT_2(X-xs[3]) ]
vector<Mint> buf;
vector<Mint *> gss;
// (1 - xs[0] X) ... (1 - xs[nn-1] X)
Poly all;
// (ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
SubproductTree(const vector<Mint> &xs_) {
n = xs_.size();
for (logN = 0, nn = 1; nn < n; ++logN, nn <<= 1) {}
xs.assign(nn, 0U);
memcpy(xs.data(), xs_.data(), n * sizeof(Mint));
buf.assign((logN + 1) * (nn << 1), 0U);
gss.assign(nn << 1, nullptr);
for (int h = 0; h <= logN; ++h) for (int u = 1 << h; u < 1 << (h + 1); ++u) {
gss[u] = buf.data() + (h * (nn << 1) + ((u - (1 << h)) << (logN - h + 1)));
}
for (int i = 0; i < nn; ++i) {
gss[nn + i][0] = -xs[i] + 1;
gss[nn + i][1] = -xs[i] - 1;
}
if (nn == 1) gss[1][1] += 2;
for (int h = logN; --h >= 0; ) {
const int m = 1 << (logN - h);
for (int u = 1 << (h + 1); --u >= 1 << h; ) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) gss[u][i] = gss[u << 1][i] * gss[u << 1 | 1][i];
memcpy(gss[u] + m, gss[u], m * sizeof(Mint));
invFft(gss[u] + m, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
if (h > 0) {
gss[u][m] -= 2;
const Mint a = FFT_ROOTS[logN - h + 1];
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) { gss[u][i] *= aa; aa *= a; };
fft(gss[u] + m, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
}
}
}
all.resize(nn + 1);
all[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < nn; ++i) all[i] = gss[1][nn + nn - i];
all[nn] = gss[1][nn] - 1;
}
// ((3/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n) + 10 E(|f|) + 3 E(|f| + 2^(ceil(log_2 n)))
vector<Mint> multiEval(const Poly &fs) const {
vector<Mint> work0(nn), work1(nn), work2(nn);
{
const int m = max(fs.size(), 1);
auto invAll = all.inv(m); // 10 E(|f|)
std::reverse(invAll.begin(), invAll.end());
int mm;
for (mm = 1; mm < m - 1 + nn; mm <<= 1) {}
invAll.resize(mm, 0U);
fft(invAll); // E(|f| + 2^(ceil(log_2 n)))
vector<Mint> ffs(mm, 0U);
memcpy(ffs.data(), fs.data(), fs.size() * sizeof(Mint));
fft(ffs); // E(|f| + 2^(ceil(log_2 n)))
for (int i = 0; i < mm; ++i) ffs[i] *= invAll[i];
invFft(ffs); // E(|f| + 2^(ceil(log_2 n)))
memcpy(((logN & 1) ? work1 : work0).data(), ffs.data() + m - 1, nn * sizeof(Mint));
}
for (int h = 0; h < logN; ++h) {
const int m = 1 << (logN - h);
for (int u = 1 << h; u < 1 << (h + 1); ++u) {
Mint *hs = (((logN - h) & 1) ? work1 : work0).data() + ((u - (1 << h)) << (logN - h));
Mint *hs0 = (((logN - h) & 1) ? work0 : work1).data() + ((u - (1 << h)) << (logN - h));
Mint *hs1 = hs0 + (m >> 1);
fft(hs, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) work2[i] = gss[u << 1 | 1][i] * hs[i];
invFft(work2.data(), m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
memcpy(hs0, work2.data() + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) work2[i] = gss[u << 1][i] * hs[i];
invFft(work2.data(), m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
memcpy(hs1, work2.data() + (m >> 1), (m >> 1) * sizeof(Mint));
}
}
work0.resize(n);
return work0;
}
// ((5/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
Poly interpolate(const vector<Mint> &ys) const {
assert(static_cast<int>(ys.size()) == n);
Poly gs(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) gs[i] = (i + 1) * all[n - (i + 1)];
const vector<Mint> denoms = multiEval(gs); // ((3/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
vector<Mint> work(nn << 1, 0U);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
// xs[0], ..., xs[n - 1] are not distinct
assert(denoms[i]);
work[i << 1] = work[i << 1 | 1] = ys[i] / denoms[i];
}
for (int h = logN; --h >= 0; ) {
const int m = 1 << (logN - h);
for (int u = 1 << (h + 1); --u >= 1 << h; ) {
Mint *hs = work.data() + ((u - (1 << h)) << (logN - h + 1));
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) hs[i] = gss[u << 1 | 1][i] * hs[i] + gss[u << 1][i] * hs[m + i];
if (h > 0) {
memcpy(hs + m, hs, m * sizeof(Mint));
invFft(hs + m, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
const Mint a = FFT_ROOTS[logN - h + 1];
Mint aa = 1;
for (int i = m; i < m << 1; ++i) { hs[i] *= aa; aa *= a; };
fft(hs + m, m); // ((1/2) ceil(log_2 n) + O(1)) E(n)
}
}
}
invFft(work.data(), nn); // E(n)
return Poly(vector<Mint>(work.data() + nn - n, work.data() + nn));
}
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
constexpr int FACTORIAL_STEP = 1'000'000;
constexpr ModInt<998244353> FACTORIAL[] = {1,373341033,45596018,834980587,623627864,428937595,442819817,499710224,833655840,83857087,295201906,788488293,671639287,849315549,597398273,813259672,732727656,244038325,122642896,310517972,160030060,483239722,683879839,712910418,384710263,433880730,844360005,513089677,101492974,959253371,957629942,678615452,34035221,56734233,524027922,31729117,102311167,330331487,8332991,832392662,545208507,594075875,318497156,859275605,300738984,767818091,864118508,878131539,316588744,812496962,213689172,584871249,980836133,54096741,417876813,363266670,335481797,730839588,393495668,435793297,760025067,811438469,720976283,650770098,586537547,117371703,566486504,749562308,708205284,932912293,939830261,983699513,206579820,301188781,593164676,770845925,247687458,41047791,266419267,937835947,506268060,6177705,936268003,166873118,443834893,328979964,470135404,954410105,117565665,832761782,39806322,478922755,394880724,821825588,468705875,512554988,232240472,876497899,356048018,895187265,808258749,575505950,68190615,939065335,552199946,694814243,385460530,529769387,640377761,916128300,440133909,362216114,826373774,502324157,457648395,385510728,904737188,78988746,454565719,623828097,686156489,713476044,63602402,570334625,681055904,222059821,477211096,343363294,833792655,461853093,741797144,74731896,930484262,268372735,941222802,677432735,474842829,700451655,400176109,697644778,390377694,790010794,360642718,505712943,946647976,339045014,715797300,251680896,70091750,40517433,12629586,850635539,110877109,571935891,695965747,634938288,69072133,155093216,749696762,963086402,544711799,724471925,334646013,574791029,722417626,377929821,743946412,988034679,405207112,18063742,104121967,638607426,607304611,751377777,35834555,313632531,18058363,656121134,40763559,562910912,495867250,48767038,210864657,659137294,715390025,865854329,324322857,388911184,286059202,636456178,421290700,832276048,726437551,526417714,252522639,386147469,674313019,274769381,226519400,272047186,117153405,712896591,486826649,119444874,338909703,18536028,41814114,245606459,140617938,250512392,57084755,157807456,261113192,40258068,194807105,325341339,884328111,896332013,880836012,737358206,202713771,785454372,399586250,485457499,640827004,546969497,749602473,159788463,159111724,218592929,675932866,314795475,811539323,246883213,696818315,759880589,4302336,353070689,477909706,559289160,79781699,878094972,840903973,367416824,973366814,848259019,462421750,667227759,897917455,81800722,956276337,942686845,420541799,417005912,272641764,941778993,217214373,192220616,267901132,50530621,652678397,354880856,164289049,781023184,105376215,315094878,607856504,733905911,457743498,992735713,35212756,231822660,276036750,734558079,424180850,433186147,308380947,18333316,12935086,351491725,655645460,535812389,521902115,67016984,48682076,64748124,489360447,361275315,786336279,805161272,468129309,645091350,887284732,913004502,358814684,281295633,328970139,395955130,164840186,820902807,761699708,246274415,592331769,913846362,866682684,600130702,903837674,529462989,90612675,526540127,533047427,110008879,674279751,801920753,645226926,676886948,752481486,474034007,457790341,166813684,287671032,188118664,244731384,404032157,269766986,423996017,182948540,356801634,737863144,652014069,206068022,504569410,919894484,593398649,963768176,882517476,702523597,949028249,128957299,171997372,50865043,20937461,690959202,581356488,369182214,993580422,193500140,540665426,365786018,743731625,144980423,979536721,773259009,617053935,247670131,843705280,30419459,985463402,261585206,237885042,111276893,488166208,137660292,720784236,244467770,26368504,792857103,666885724,670313309,905683034,259415897,512017253,826265493,111960112,633652060,918048438,516432938,386972415,996212724,610073831,444094191,72480267,665038087,11584804,301029012,723617861,113763819,778259899,937766095,535448641,593907889,783573565,673298635,599533244,655712590,173350007,868198597,169013813,585161712,697502214,573994984,285943986,675831407,3134056,965907646,401920943,665949756,236277883,612745912,813282113,892454686,901222267,624900982,927122298,686321335,84924870,927606072,506664166,353631992,165913238,566073550,816674343,864877926,171259407,908752311,874007723,803597299,613676466,880336545,282280109,128761001,58852065,474075900,434816091,364856903,149123648,388854780,314693916,423183826,419733481,888483202,238933227,336564048,757103493,100189123,855479832,51370348,403061033,496971759,831753030,251718753,272779384,683379259,488844621,881783783,659478190,445719559,740782647,546525906,985524427,548033568,333772553,331916427,752533273,730387628,93829695,655989476,930661318,334885743,466041862,428105027,888238707,232218076,769865249,730641039,616996159,231721356,326973501,426068899,722403656,742756734,663270261,364187931,350431704,671823672,633125919,226166717,386814657,237594135,451479365,546182474,119366536,465211069,605313606,728508871,249619035,663053607,900453742,48293872,229958401,62402409,69570431,71921532,960467929,537087913,514588945,513856225,415497414,286592050,645469437,102052166,163298189,873938719,617583886,986843080,962390239,580971332,665147020,88900164,89866970,826426395,616059995,443012312,659160562,229855967,687413213,59809521,398599610,325666688,154765991,159186619,210830877,386454418,84493735,974220646,820097297,2191828,481459931,729073424,551556379,926316039,151357011,808637654,218058015,786112034,850407126,84202800,94214098,30019651,121701603,176055335,865461951,553631971,286620803,984061713,888573766,302767023,977070668,110954576,83922475,51568171,60949367,19533020,510592752,615419476,341370469,912573425,286207526,206707897,384156962,414163604,193301813,749570167,366933789,11470970,600191572,391667731,328736286,30645366,215162519,604947226,236199953,718439098,411423177,803407599,632441623,766760224,263006576,757681534,61082578,681666415,947466395,12206799,659767098,933746852,978860867,59215985,161179205,439197472,259779111,511621808,145770512,882749888,943124465,872053396,631078482,166861622,743415395,772287179,602427948,924112080,385643091,794973480,883782693,869723371,805963889,313106351,262132854,400034567,488248149,265769800,791715397,408753255,468381897,415812467,172922144,64404368,281500398,512318142,288791777,955559118,242484726,536413695,205340854,707803527,576699812,218525078,875554190,46283078,833841915,763148293,807722138,788080170,556901372,150896699,253151120,97856807,918256774,771557187,582547026,472709375,911615063,743371401,641382840,446540967,184639537,157247760,775930891,939702814,499082462,19536133,548753627,593243221,563850263,185475971,687419227,396799323,657976136,864535682,433009242,860830935,33107339,517661450,467651311,812398757,202133852,431839017,709549400,99643620,773282878,290471030,61134552,129206504,929147251,837008968,422332597,353775281,469563025,62265336,835064501,851685235,21197005,264793769,326416680,118842991,84257200,763248924,687559609,150907932,401832452,242726978,766752066,959173604,390269102,992293822,744816299,476631694,177284763,702429415,374065901,169855231,629007616,719169602,564737074,475119050,714502830,40993711,820235888,749063595,239329111,612759169,18591377,419142436,442202439,941600951,158013406,637073231,471564060,447222237,701248503,599797734,577221870,69656699,51052704,6544303,10958310,554955500,943192237,192526269,897983911,961628039,240232720,627280533,710239542,70255649,261743865,228474833,776408079,304180483,63607040,953297493,758058902,395529997,156010331,825833840,539880795,234683685,52626619,751843490,116909119,62806842,574857555,353417551,40061330,822203768,681051568,490913702,9322961,766631257,124794668,37844313,163524507,729108319,490867505,47035168,682765157,53842115,817965276,757179922,339238384,909741023,150530547,158444563,140949492,993302799,551621442,137578883,475122706,443869843,605400098,689361523,769596520,801661499,474900284,586624857,349960501,134084537,650564083,877097974,379857427,887890124,159436401,133274277,986182139,729720334,568925901,459461496,499309445,493171177,460958750,380694152,168836226,840160881,141116880,225064950,109618190,842341383,85305729,759273275,97369807,669317759,766247510,829017039,550323884,261274540,918239352,29606025,870793828,293683814,378510746,367270918,481292028,813097823,798448487,230791733,899305835,504040630,162510533,479367951,275282274,806951470,462774647,56473153,184659008,905122161,664034750,109726629,59372704,325795100,486860143,843736533,924723613,880348000,801252478,616515290,776142608,284803450,583439582,274826676,6018349,377403437,244041569,527081707,544763288,708818585,354033051,904309832,589922898,673933870,682858433,945260111,899893421,515264973,911685911,9527148,239480646,524126897,48259065,578214879,118677219,786127243,869205770,923276513,937928886,802186160,12198440,638784295,34200904,758925811,185027790,80918046,120604699,610456697,573601211,208296321,49743354,653691911,490750754,674335312,887877110,875880304,308360096,414636410,886100267,8525751,636257427,558338775,500159951,696213291,97268896,364983542,937928436,641582714,586211304,345265657,994704486,443549763,207259440,302122082,166055224,623250998,239642551,476337075,283167364,211328914,68064804,950202136,187552679,18938709,646784245,598764068,538505481,610424991,864445053,390248689,278395191,686098470,935957187,868529577,329970687,804930040,84992079,474569269,810762228,573258936,756464212,155080225,286966169,283614605,19283401,24257676,871831819,612689791,846988741,617120754,971716517,979541482,297910784,991087897,783825907,214821357,689498189,405026419,946731704,609346370,707669156,457703127,957341187,980735523,649367684,791011898,82098966,234729712,105002711,130614285,291032164,193188049,363211260,58108651,100756444,954947696,346032213,863300806,36876722,622610957,289232396,667938985,734886266,395881057,417188702,183092975,887586469,83334648,797819763,100176902,781587414,841864935,371674670,18247584,};
template <unsigned M> ModInt<M> factorial(long long n) {
assert(n >= 0);
if (n >= static_cast<long long>(M)) return 0;
const long long pos = n / FACTORIAL_STEP;
const long long m0 = pos * FACTORIAL_STEP;
const long long m1 = m0 + FACTORIAL_STEP;
if (m1 < static_cast<long long>(M) && n - m0 > m1 - n) {
ModInt<M> prod = 1;
for (long long i = m1; i > n; ) prod *= i--;
return FACTORIAL[pos + 1] / prod;
} else {
ModInt<M> prod = FACTORIAL[pos];
for (long long i = m0; i < n; ) prod *= ++i;
return prod;
}
}
Mint brute(Int n, Int k) {
Mint ret = 0;
Mint pw = 1;
for (int a2 = 0; a2 <= k / 2; ++a2) {
if (a2 >= k - n) {
Mint num = 1;
num *= fac[n] * invFac[n - (k - a2)] * invFac[k - 2 * a2] * invFac[a2];
num *= pw;
ret += num;
}
pw *= inv[8];
}
ret *= fac[k];
ret *= Mint(2).pow(k);
return ret;
}
int T;
vector<Int> N, K;
vector<Mint> ans;
Int maxK;
namespace small {
vector<Mint> bs;
pair<Poly, Poly> solve(int l, int r) {
if (r - l == 1) {
return make_pair(Poly{-l, 1}, Poly{bs[l]});
} else {
const int mid = (l + r) / 2;
const auto resL = solve(l, mid);
const auto resR = solve(mid, r);
return make_pair(resL.first * resR.first, resL.second + resL.first * resR.second);
}
}
void run() {
vector<vector<int>> tss(maxK + 1);
for (int t = 0; t < T; ++t) {
tss[K[t]].push_back(t);
}
// const Int big=1;
const Int big = sqrt(maxK) * log1p(maxK);
for (int k = 0; k <= maxK; ++k) {
const auto &ts = tss[k];
const int tsLen = ts.size();
if (tsLen >= big) {
bs.assign(k + 1, 0);
{
Mint pw = fac[k] * Mint(2).pow(k);
for (int a2 = 0; a2 <= k / 2; ++a2) {
bs[k - a2] += invFac[k - 2 * a2] * invFac[a2] * pw;
pw *= inv[8];
}
}
const auto res = solve(0, k + 1);
vector<Mint> ns(tsLen);
for (int i = 0; i < tsLen; ++i) {
ns[i] = N[ts[i]];
}
const auto ys = SubproductTree(ns).multiEval(res.second);
for (int i = 0; i < tsLen; ++i) {
ans[ts[i]] = ys[i];
}
} else {
for (const int t : ts) {
ans[t] = brute(N[t], k);
}
}
}
}
} // small
namespace large {
Mint solve(Mint n, Int k) {
if (k >= MO) {
return 0;
}
Mint ret = 0;
Mint f = 1;
Mint ni = n;
ni.x += MO;
for (int i = 0; i < k - k / 2; ++i) {
f *= ni; --ni.x;
}
f *= factorial<MO>(k / 2).inv();
f *= inv[8].pow(k / 2);
/*
for (int a2 = k / 2; a2 >= 0; --a2) {
ret += f * invFac[k - 2 * a2] * invFac[a2];
f *= ni; --ni.x;
f *= 8;
}
*/
constexpr int SIZE = 100'000'000;
vector<Mint> gs(SIZE);
for (int c = k / 2, d; c >= 0; c = d) {
d = max(c - SIZE, -1);
const int len = c - d;
gs[len - 1] = factorial<MO>(k - 2 * (d + 1)).inv();
for (int i = len - 1; --i >= 0; ) {
gs[i] = gs[i + 1] * (k - 2 * (c - i) + 2) * (k - 2 * (c - i) + 1);
}
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
// assert(gs[i]==invFac[k-2*(c-i)]);
ret += f * gs[i];
f *= ni; --ni.x;
f *= (c - i);
// f *= 8;
f += f; f += f; f += f;
}
}
ret *= factorial<MO>(k);
ret *= Mint(2).pow(k);
return ret;
}
void run() {
for (int t = 0; t < T; ++t) {
ans[t] = solve(N[t], K[t]);
}
}
} // large
int main() {
for (; ~scanf("%d", &T); ) {
N.resize(T);
K.resize(T);
for (int t = 0; t < T; ++t) {
scanf("%lld%lld", &N[t], &K[t]);
}
ans.assign(T, 0);
maxK = *max_element(K.begin(), K.end());
if (maxK <= 100'000) {
small::run();
} else {
assert(false);
}
for (int t = 0; t < T; ++t) {
printf("%u\n", ans[t].x);
}
}
return 0;
}