#847765 (C++17) No.2245 Second Smallest

提出ソース
結果

問題	No.2245 Second Smallest
ユーザー	NyaanNyaan
提出日時	2023-03-10 22:06:35
言語	C++17 (gcc 12.3.0 + boost 1.83.0)
結果	AC
実行時間	17 ms / 2,000 ms
コード長	32,589 bytes
コンパイル時間	2,527 ms
コンパイル使用メモリ	260,884 KB
実行使用メモリ	5,376 KB
最終ジャッジ日時	2024-09-18 04:20:21
合計ジャッジ時間	3,840 ms
ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報）	judge3 / judge2
このコードへのチャレンジ
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テストケース

テストケース表示
入力	結果	実行時間実行使用メモリ
testcase_00	AC	1 ms 5,248 KB
testcase_01	AC	1 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_02	AC	2 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_03	AC	2 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_04	AC	1 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_05	AC	17 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_06	AC	15 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_07	AC	3 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_08	AC	3 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_09	AC	15 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_10	AC	9 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_11	AC	11 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_12	AC	10 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_13	AC	5 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_14	AC	8 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_15	AC	10 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_16	AC	4 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_17	AC	4 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_18	AC	8 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_19	AC	10 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_20	AC	8 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_21	AC	6 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_22	AC	10 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_23	AC	3 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_24	AC	12 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_25	AC	4 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_26	AC	2 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_27	AC	14 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_28	AC	5 ms 5,376 KB
testcase_29	AC	5 ms 5,376 KB
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ソースコード

raw source code
/**
 *  date : 2023-03-10 22:06:25
 */

#define NDEBUG
using namespace std;

// intrinstic
#include <immintrin.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cfloat>
#include <chrono>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <deque>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ios>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <numeric>
#include <ostream>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <streambuf>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

// utility
namespace Nyaan {
using ll = long long;
using i64 = long long;
using u64 = unsigned long long;
using i128 = __int128_t;
using u128 = __uint128_t;

template <typename T>
using V = vector<T>;
template <typename T>
using VV = vector<vector<T>>;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vl = vector<long long>;
using vd = V<double>;
using vs = V<string>;
using vvi = vector<vector<int>>;
using vvl = vector<vector<long long>>;

template <typename T, typename U>
struct P : pair<T, U> {
  template <typename... Args>
  P(Args... args) : pair<T, U>(args...) {}

  using pair<T, U>::first;
  using pair<T, U>::second;

  P &operator+=(const P &r) {
    first += r.first;
    second += r.second;
    return *this;
  }
  P &operator-=(const P &r) {
    first -= r.first;
    second -= r.second;
    return *this;
  }
  P &operator*=(const P &r) {
    first *= r.first;
    second *= r.second;
    return *this;
  }
  template <typename S>
  P &operator*=(const S &r) {
    first *= r, second *= r;
    return *this;
  }
  P operator+(const P &r) const { return P(*this) += r; }
  P operator-(const P &r) const { return P(*this) -= r; }
  P operator*(const P &r) const { return P(*this) *= r; }
  template <typename S>
  P operator*(const S &r) const {
    return P(*this) *= r;
  }
  P operator-() const { return P{-first, -second}; }
};

using pl = P<ll, ll>;
using pi = P<int, int>;
using vp = V<pl>;

constexpr int inf = 1001001001;
constexpr long long infLL = 4004004004004004004LL;

template <typename T>
int sz(const T &t) {
  return t.size();
}

template <typename T, typename U>
inline bool amin(T &x, U y) {
  return (y < x) ? (x = y, true) : false;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline bool amax(T &x, U y) {
  return (x < y) ? (x = y, true) : false;
}

template <typename T>
inline T Max(const vector<T> &v) {
  return *max_element(begin(v), end(v));
}
template <typename T>
inline T Min(const vector<T> &v) {
  return *min_element(begin(v), end(v));
}
template <typename T>
inline long long Sum(const vector<T> &v) {
  return accumulate(begin(v), end(v), 0LL);
}

template <typename T>
int lb(const vector<T> &v, const T &a) {
  return lower_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v);
}
template <typename T>
int ub(const vector<T> &v, const T &a) {
  return upper_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v);
}

constexpr long long TEN(int n) {
  long long ret = 1, x = 10;
  for (; n; x *= x, n >>= 1) ret *= (n & 1 ? x : 1);
  return ret;
}

template <typename T, typename U>
pair<T, U> mkp(const T &t, const U &u) {
  return make_pair(t, u);
}

template <typename T>
vector<T> mkrui(const vector<T> &v, bool rev = false) {
  vector<T> ret(v.size() + 1);
  if (rev) {
    for (int i = int(v.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) ret[i] = v[i] + ret[i + 1];
  } else {
    for (int i = 0; i < int(v.size()); i++) ret[i + 1] = ret[i] + v[i];
  }
  return ret;
};

template <typename T>
vector<T> mkuni(const vector<T> &v) {
  vector<T> ret(v);
  sort(ret.begin(), ret.end());
  ret.erase(unique(ret.begin(), ret.end()), ret.end());
  return ret;
}

template <typename F>
vector<int> mkord(int N,F f) {
  vector<int> ord(N);
  iota(begin(ord), end(ord), 0);
  sort(begin(ord), end(ord), f);
  return ord;
}

template <typename T>
vector<int> mkinv(vector<T> &v) {
  int max_val = *max_element(begin(v), end(v));
  vector<int> inv(max_val + 1, -1);
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) inv[v[i]] = i;
  return inv;
}

vector<int> mkiota(int n) {
  vector<int> ret(n);
  iota(begin(ret), end(ret), 0);
  return ret;
}

template <typename T>
T mkrev(const T &v) {
  T w{v};
  reverse(begin(w), end(w));
  return w;
}

template <typename T>
bool nxp(vector<T> &v) {
  return next_permutation(begin(v), end(v));
}

template <typename T>
using minpq = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;

}  // namespace Nyaan

// bit operation
namespace Nyaan {
__attribute__((target("popcnt"))) inline int popcnt(const u64 &a) {
  return _mm_popcnt_u64(a);
}
inline int lsb(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; }
inline int ctz(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; }
inline int msb(const u64 &a) { return a ? 63 - __builtin_clzll(a) : -1; }
template <typename T>
inline int gbit(const T &a, int i) {
  return (a >> i) & 1;
}
template <typename T>
inline void sbit(T &a, int i, bool b) {
  if (gbit(a, i) != b) a ^= T(1) << i;
}
constexpr long long PW(int n) { return 1LL << n; }
constexpr long long MSK(int n) { return (1LL << n) - 1; }
}  // namespace Nyaan

// inout
namespace Nyaan {

template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &p) {
  os << p.first << " " << p.second;
  return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T, U> &p) {
  is >> p.first >> p.second;
  return is;
}

template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) {
  int s = (int)v.size();
  for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) os << (i ? " " : "") << v[i];
  return os;
}
template <typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto &x : v) is >> x;
  return is;
}

istream &operator>>(istream &is, __int128_t &x) {
  string S;
  is >> S;
  x = 0;
  int flag = 0;
  for (auto &c : S) {
    if (c == '-') {
      flag = true;
      continue;
    }
    x *= 10;
    x += c - '0';
  }
  if (flag) x = -x;
  return is;
}

istream &operator>>(istream &is, __uint128_t &x) {
  string S;
  is >> S;
  x = 0;
  for (auto &c : S) {
    x *= 10;
    x += c - '0';
  }
  return is;
}

ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, __int128_t x) {
  if (x == 0) return os << 0;
  if (x < 0) os << '-', x = -x;
  string S;
  while (x) S.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10;
  reverse(begin(S), end(S));
  return os << S;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, __uint128_t x) {
  if (x == 0) return os << 0;
  string S;
  while (x) S.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10;
  reverse(begin(S), end(S));
  return os << S;
}

void in() {}
template <typename T, class... U>
void in(T &t, U &...u) {
  cin >> t;
  in(u...);
}

void out() { cout << "\n"; }
template <typename T, class... U, char sep = ' '>
void out(const T &t, const U &...u) {
  cout << t;
  if (sizeof...(u)) cout << sep;
  out(u...);
}

void outr() {}
template <typename T, class... U, char sep = ' '>
void outr(const T &t, const U &...u) {
  cout << t;
  outr(u...);
}

struct IoSetupNya {
  IoSetupNya() {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
    cerr << fixed << setprecision(7);
  }
} iosetupnya;

}  // namespace Nyaan

// debug

#ifdef NyaanDebug
#define trc(...) (void(0))
#else
#define trc(...) (void(0))
#endif

#ifdef NyaanLocal
#define trc2(...) (void(0))
#else
#define trc2(...) (void(0))
#endif

// macro
#define each(x, v) for (auto&& x : v)
#define each2(x, y, v) for (auto&& [x, y] : v)
#define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end()
#define rep(i, N) for (long long i = 0; i < (long long)(N); i++)
#define repr(i, N) for (long long i = (long long)(N)-1; i >= 0; i--)
#define rep1(i, N) for (long long i = 1; i <= (long long)(N); i++)
#define repr1(i, N) for (long long i = (N); (long long)(i) > 0; i--)
#define reg(i, a, b) for (long long i = (a); i < (b); i++)
#define regr(i, a, b) for (long long i = (b)-1; i >= (a); i--)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define ini(...)   \
  int __VA_ARGS__; \
  in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define inl(...)         \
  long long __VA_ARGS__; \
  in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define ins(...)      \
  string __VA_ARGS__; \
  in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define in2(s, t)                           \
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \
    in(s[i], t[i]);                         \
  }
#define in3(s, t, u)                        \
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \
    in(s[i], t[i], u[i]);                   \
  }
#define in4(s, t, u, v)                     \
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \
    in(s[i], t[i], u[i], v[i]);             \
  }
#define die(...)             \
  do {                       \
    Nyaan::out(__VA_ARGS__); \
    return;                  \
  } while (0)

namespace Nyaan {
void solve();
}
int main() { Nyaan::solve(); }

//


template <typename mint>
struct NTT {
  static constexpr uint32_t get_pr() {
    uint32_t _mod = mint::get_mod();
    using u64 = uint64_t;
    u64 ds[32] = {};
    int idx = 0;
    u64 m = _mod - 1;
    for (u64 i = 2; i * i <= m; ++i) {
      if (m % i == 0) {
        ds[idx++] = i;
        while (m % i == 0) m /= i;
      }
    }
    if (m != 1) ds[idx++] = m;

    uint32_t _pr = 2;
    while (1) {
      int flg = 1;
      for (int i = 0; i < idx; ++i) {
        u64 a = _pr, b = (_mod - 1) / ds[i], r = 1;
        while (b) {
          if (b & 1) r = r * a % _mod;
          a = a * a % _mod;
          b >>= 1;
        }
        if (r == 1) {
          flg = 0;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (flg == 1) break;
      ++_pr;
    }
    return _pr;
  };

  static constexpr uint32_t mod = mint::get_mod();
  static constexpr uint32_t pr = get_pr();
  static constexpr int level = __builtin_ctzll(mod - 1);
  mint dw[level], dy[level];

  void setwy(int k) {
    mint w[level], y[level];
    w[k - 1] = mint(pr).pow((mod - 1) / (1 << k));
    y[k - 1] = w[k - 1].inverse();
    for (int i = k - 2; i > 0; --i)
      w[i] = w[i + 1] * w[i + 1], y[i] = y[i + 1] * y[i + 1];
    dw[1] = w[1], dy[1] = y[1], dw[2] = w[2], dy[2] = y[2];
    for (int i = 3; i < k; ++i) {
      dw[i] = dw[i - 1] * y[i - 2] * w[i];
      dy[i] = dy[i - 1] * w[i - 2] * y[i];
    }
  }

  NTT() { setwy(level); }

  void fft4(vector<mint> &a, int k) {
    if ((int)a.size() <= 1) return;
    if (k == 1) {
      mint a1 = a[1];
      a[1] = a[0] - a[1];
      a[0] = a[0] + a1;
      return;
    }
    if (k & 1) {
      int v = 1 << (k - 1);
      for (int j = 0; j < v; ++j) {
        mint ajv = a[j + v];
        a[j + v] = a[j] - ajv;
        a[j] += ajv;
      }
    }
    int u = 1 << (2 + (k & 1));
    int v = 1 << (k - 2 - (k & 1));
    mint one = mint(1);
    mint imag = dw[1];
    while (v) {
      // jh = 0
      {
        int j0 = 0;
        int j1 = v;
        int j2 = j1 + v;
        int j3 = j2 + v;
        for (; j0 < v; ++j0, ++j1, ++j2, ++j3) {
          mint t0 = a[j0], t1 = a[j1], t2 = a[j2], t3 = a[j3];
          mint t0p2 = t0 + t2, t1p3 = t1 + t3;
          mint t0m2 = t0 - t2, t1m3 = (t1 - t3) * imag;
          a[j0] = t0p2 + t1p3, a[j1] = t0p2 - t1p3;
          a[j2] = t0m2 + t1m3, a[j3] = t0m2 - t1m3;
        }
      }
      // jh >= 1
      mint ww = one, xx = one * dw[2], wx = one;
      for (int jh = 4; jh < u;) {
        ww = xx * xx, wx = ww * xx;
        int j0 = jh * v;
        int je = j0 + v;
        int j2 = je + v;
        for (; j0 < je; ++j0, ++j2) {
          mint t0 = a[j0], t1 = a[j0 + v] * xx, t2 = a[j2] * ww,
               t3 = a[j2 + v] * wx;
          mint t0p2 = t0 + t2, t1p3 = t1 + t3;
          mint t0m2 = t0 - t2, t1m3 = (t1 - t3) * imag;
          a[j0] = t0p2 + t1p3, a[j0 + v] = t0p2 - t1p3;
          a[j2] = t0m2 + t1m3, a[j2 + v] = t0m2 - t1m3;
        }
        xx *= dw[__builtin_ctzll((jh += 4))];
      }
      u <<= 2;
      v >>= 2;
    }
  }

  void ifft4(vector<mint> &a, int k) {
    if ((int)a.size() <= 1) return;
    if (k == 1) {
      mint a1 = a[1];
      a[1] = a[0] - a[1];
      a[0] = a[0] + a1;
      return;
    }
    int u = 1 << (k - 2);
    int v = 1;
    mint one = mint(1);
    mint imag = dy[1];
    while (u) {
      // jh = 0
      {
        int j0 = 0;
        int j1 = v;
        int j2 = v + v;
        int j3 = j2 + v;
        for (; j0 < v; ++j0, ++j1, ++j2, ++j3) {
          mint t0 = a[j0], t1 = a[j1], t2 = a[j2], t3 = a[j3];
          mint t0p1 = t0 + t1, t2p3 = t2 + t3;
          mint t0m1 = t0 - t1, t2m3 = (t2 - t3) * imag;
          a[j0] = t0p1 + t2p3, a[j2] = t0p1 - t2p3;
          a[j1] = t0m1 + t2m3, a[j3] = t0m1 - t2m3;
        }
      }
      // jh >= 1
      mint ww = one, xx = one * dy[2], yy = one;
      u <<= 2;
      for (int jh = 4; jh < u;) {
        ww = xx * xx, yy = xx * imag;
        int j0 = jh * v;
        int je = j0 + v;
        int j2 = je + v;
        for (; j0 < je; ++j0, ++j2) {
          mint t0 = a[j0], t1 = a[j0 + v], t2 = a[j2], t3 = a[j2 + v];
          mint t0p1 = t0 + t1, t2p3 = t2 + t3;
          mint t0m1 = (t0 - t1) * xx, t2m3 = (t2 - t3) * yy;
          a[j0] = t0p1 + t2p3, a[j2] = (t0p1 - t2p3) * ww;
          a[j0 + v] = t0m1 + t2m3, a[j2 + v] = (t0m1 - t2m3) * ww;
        }
        xx *= dy[__builtin_ctzll(jh += 4)];
      }
      u >>= 4;
      v <<= 2;
    }
    if (k & 1) {
      u = 1 << (k - 1);
      for (int j = 0; j < u; ++j) {
        mint ajv = a[j] - a[j + u];
        a[j] += a[j + u];
        a[j + u] = ajv;
      }
    }
  }

  void ntt(vector<mint> &a) {
    if ((int)a.size() <= 1) return;
    fft4(a, __builtin_ctz(a.size()));
  }

  void intt(vector<mint> &a) {
    if ((int)a.size() <= 1) return;
    ifft4(a, __builtin_ctz(a.size()));
    mint iv = mint(a.size()).inverse();
    for (auto &x : a) x *= iv;
  }

  vector<mint> multiply(const vector<mint> &a, const vector<mint> &b) {
    int l = a.size() + b.size() - 1;
    if (min<int>(a.size(), b.size()) <= 40) {
      vector<mint> s(l);
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < (int)b.size(); ++j) s[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
      return s;
    }
    int k = 2, M = 4;
    while (M < l) M <<= 1, ++k;
    setwy(k);
    vector<mint> s(M), t(M);
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i) s[i] = a[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)b.size(); ++i) t[i] = b[i];
    fft4(s, k);
    fft4(t, k);
    for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) s[i] *= t[i];
    ifft4(s, k);
    s.resize(l);
    mint invm = mint(M).inverse();
    for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i) s[i] *= invm;
    return s;
  }

  void ntt_doubling(vector<mint> &a) {
    int M = (int)a.size();
    auto b = a;
    intt(b);
    mint r = 1, zeta = mint(pr).pow((mint::get_mod() - 1) / (M << 1));
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) b[i] *= r, r *= zeta;
    ntt(b);
    copy(begin(b), end(b), back_inserter(a));
  }
};

template <typename mint>
struct FormalPowerSeries : vector<mint> {
  using vector<mint>::vector;
  using FPS = FormalPowerSeries;

  FPS &operator+=(const FPS &r) {
    if (r.size() > this->size()) this->resize(r.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); i++) (*this)[i] += r[i];
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator+=(const mint &r) {
    if (this->empty()) this->resize(1);
    (*this)[0] += r;
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator-=(const FPS &r) {
    if (r.size() > this->size()) this->resize(r.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); i++) (*this)[i] -= r[i];
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator-=(const mint &r) {
    if (this->empty()) this->resize(1);
    (*this)[0] -= r;
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator*=(const mint &v) {
    for (int k = 0; k < (int)this->size(); k++) (*this)[k] *= v;
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator/=(const FPS &r) {
    if (this->size() < r.size()) {
      this->clear();
      return *this;
    }
    int n = this->size() - r.size() + 1;
    if ((int)r.size() <= 64) {
      FPS f(*this), g(r);
      g.shrink();
      mint coeff = g.back().inverse();
      for (auto &x : g) x *= coeff;
      int deg = (int)f.size() - (int)g.size() + 1;
      int gs = g.size();
      FPS quo(deg);
      for (int i = deg - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        quo[i] = f[i + gs - 1];
        for (int j = 0; j < gs; j++) f[i + j] -= quo[i] * g[j];
      }
      *this = quo * coeff;
      this->resize(n, mint(0));
      return *this;
    }
    return *this = ((*this).rev().pre(n) * r.rev().inv(n)).pre(n).rev();
  }

  FPS &operator%=(const FPS &r) {
    *this -= *this / r * r;
    shrink();
    return *this;
  }

  FPS operator+(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) += r; }
  FPS operator+(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) += v; }
  FPS operator-(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) -= r; }
  FPS operator-(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) -= v; }
  FPS operator*(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) *= r; }
  FPS operator*(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) *= v; }
  FPS operator/(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) /= r; }
  FPS operator%(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) %= r; }
  FPS operator-() const {
    FPS ret(this->size());
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)this->size(); i++) ret[i] = -(*this)[i];
    return ret;
  }

  void shrink() {
    while (this->size() && this->back() == mint(0)) this->pop_back();
  }

  FPS rev() const {
    FPS ret(*this);
    reverse(begin(ret), end(ret));
    return ret;
  }

  FPS dot(FPS r) const {
    FPS ret(min(this->size(), r.size()));
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)ret.size(); i++) ret[i] = (*this)[i] * r[i];
    return ret;
  }

  FPS pre(int sz) const {
    return FPS(begin(*this), begin(*this) + min((int)this->size(), sz));
  }

  FPS operator>>(int sz) const {
    if ((int)this->size() <= sz) return {};
    FPS ret(*this);
    ret.erase(ret.begin(), ret.begin() + sz);
    return ret;
  }

  FPS operator<<(int sz) const {
    FPS ret(*this);
    ret.insert(ret.begin(), sz, mint(0));
    return ret;
  }

  FPS diff() const {
    const int n = (int)this->size();
    FPS ret(max(0, n - 1));
    mint one(1), coeff(1);
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
      ret[i - 1] = (*this)[i] * coeff;
      coeff += one;
    }
    return ret;
  }

  FPS integral() const {
    const int n = (int)this->size();
    FPS ret(n + 1);
    ret[0] = mint(0);
    if (n > 0) ret[1] = mint(1);
    auto mod = mint::get_mod();
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) ret[i] = (-ret[mod % i]) * (mod / i);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ret[i + 1] *= (*this)[i];
    return ret;
  }

  mint eval(mint x) const {
    mint r = 0, w = 1;
    for (auto &v : *this) r += w * v, w *= x;
    return r;
  }

  FPS log(int deg = -1) const {
    assert((*this)[0] == mint(1));
    if (deg == -1) deg = (int)this->size();
    return (this->diff() * this->inv(deg)).pre(deg - 1).integral();
  }

  FPS pow(int64_t k, int deg = -1) const {
    const int n = (int)this->size();
    if (deg == -1) deg = n;
    if (k == 0) {
      FPS ret(deg);
      if (deg) ret[0] = 1;
      return ret;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if ((*this)[i] != mint(0)) {
        mint rev = mint(1) / (*this)[i];
        FPS ret = (((*this * rev) >> i).log(deg) * k).exp(deg);
        ret *= (*this)[i].pow(k);
        ret = (ret << (i * k)).pre(deg);
        if ((int)ret.size() < deg) ret.resize(deg, mint(0));
        return ret;
      }
      if (__int128_t(i + 1) * k >= deg) return FPS(deg, mint(0));
    }
    return FPS(deg, mint(0));
  }

  static void *ntt_ptr;
  static void set_fft();
  FPS &operator*=(const FPS &r);
  void ntt();
  void intt();
  void ntt_doubling();
  static int ntt_pr();
  FPS inv(int deg = -1) const;
  FPS exp(int deg = -1) const;
};
template <typename mint>
void *FormalPowerSeries<mint>::ntt_ptr = nullptr;

/**
 * @brief 多項式/形式的冪級数ライブラリ
 * @docs docs/fps/formal-power-series.md
 */

template <typename mint>
void FormalPowerSeries<mint>::set_fft() {
  if (!ntt_ptr) ntt_ptr = new NTT<mint>;
}

template <typename mint>
FormalPowerSeries<mint>& FormalPowerSeries<mint>::operator*=(
    const FormalPowerSeries<mint>& r) {
  if (this->empty() || r.empty()) {
    this->clear();
    return *this;
  }
  set_fft();
  auto ret = static_cast<NTT<mint>*>(ntt_ptr)->multiply(*this, r);
  return *this = FormalPowerSeries<mint>(ret.begin(), ret.end());
}

template <typename mint>
void FormalPowerSeries<mint>::ntt() {
  set_fft();
  static_cast<NTT<mint>*>(ntt_ptr)->ntt(*this);
}

template <typename mint>
void FormalPowerSeries<mint>::intt() {
  set_fft();
  static_cast<NTT<mint>*>(ntt_ptr)->intt(*this);
}

template <typename mint>
void FormalPowerSeries<mint>::ntt_doubling() {
  set_fft();
  static_cast<NTT<mint>*>(ntt_ptr)->ntt_doubling(*this);
}

template <typename mint>
int FormalPowerSeries<mint>::ntt_pr() {
  set_fft();
  return static_cast<NTT<mint>*>(ntt_ptr)->pr;
}

template <typename mint>
FormalPowerSeries<mint> FormalPowerSeries<mint>::inv(int deg) const {
  assert((*this)[0] != mint(0));
  if (deg == -1) deg = (int)this->size();
  FormalPowerSeries<mint> res(deg);
  res[0] = {mint(1) / (*this)[0]};
  for (int d = 1; d < deg; d <<= 1) {
    FormalPowerSeries<mint> f(2 * d), g(2 * d);
    for (int j = 0; j < min((int)this->size(), 2 * d); j++) f[j] = (*this)[j];
    for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) g[j] = res[j];
    f.ntt();
    g.ntt();
    for (int j = 0; j < 2 * d; j++) f[j] *= g[j];
    f.intt();
    for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) f[j] = 0;
    f.ntt();
    for (int j = 0; j < 2 * d; j++) f[j] *= g[j];
    f.intt();
    for (int j = d; j < min(2 * d, deg); j++) res[j] = -f[j];
  }
  return res.pre(deg);
}

template <typename mint>
FormalPowerSeries<mint> FormalPowerSeries<mint>::exp(int deg) const {
  using fps = FormalPowerSeries<mint>;
  assert((*this).size() == 0 || (*this)[0] == mint(0));
  if (deg == -1) deg = this->size();

  fps inv;
  inv.reserve(deg + 1);
  inv.push_back(mint(0));
  inv.push_back(mint(1));

  auto inplace_integral = [&](fps& F) -> void {
    const int n = (int)F.size();
    auto mod = mint::get_mod();
    while ((int)inv.size() <= n) {
      int i = inv.size();
      inv.push_back((-inv[mod % i]) * (mod / i));
    }
    F.insert(begin(F), mint(0));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) F[i] *= inv[i];
  };

  auto inplace_diff = [](fps& F) -> void {
    if (F.empty()) return;
    F.erase(begin(F));
    mint coeff = 1, one = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)F.size(); i++) {
      F[i] *= coeff;
      coeff += one;
    }
  };

  fps b{1, 1 < (int)this->size() ? (*this)[1] : 0}, c{1}, z1, z2{1, 1};
  for (int m = 2; m < deg; m *= 2) {
    auto y = b;
    y.resize(2 * m);
    y.ntt();
    z1 = z2;
    fps z(m);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) z[i] = y[i] * z1[i];
    z.intt();
    fill(begin(z), begin(z) + m / 2, mint(0));
    z.ntt();
    for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) z[i] *= -z1[i];
    z.intt();
    c.insert(end(c), begin(z) + m / 2, end(z));
    z2 = c;
    z2.resize(2 * m);
    z2.ntt();
    fps x(begin(*this), begin(*this) + min<int>(this->size(), m));
    x.resize(m);
    inplace_diff(x);
    x.push_back(mint(0));
    x.ntt();
    for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) x[i] *= y[i];
    x.intt();
    x -= b.diff();
    x.resize(2 * m);
    for (int i = 0; i < m - 1; ++i) x[m + i] = x[i], x[i] = mint(0);
    x.ntt();
    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * m; ++i) x[i] *= z2[i];
    x.intt();
    x.pop_back();
    inplace_integral(x);
    for (int i = m; i < min<int>(this->size(), 2 * m); ++i) x[i] += (*this)[i];
    fill(begin(x), begin(x) + m, mint(0));
    x.ntt();
    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * m; ++i) x[i] *= y[i];
    x.intt();
    b.insert(end(b), begin(x) + m, end(x));
  }
  return fps{begin(b), begin(b) + deg};
}

/**
 * @brief NTT mod用FPSライブラリ
 * @docs docs/fps/ntt-friendly-fps.md
 */


template <typename T>
struct Binomial {
  vector<T> f, g, h;
  Binomial(int MAX = 0) {
    assert(T::get_mod() != 0 && "Binomial<mint>()");
    f.resize(1, T{1});
    g.resize(1, T{1});
    h.resize(1, T{1});
    while (MAX >= (int)f.size()) extend();
  }

  void extend() {
    int n = f.size();
    int m = n * 2;
    f.resize(m);
    g.resize(m);
    h.resize(m);
    for (int i = n; i < m; i++) f[i] = f[i - 1] * T(i);
    g[m - 1] = f[m - 1].inverse();
    h[m - 1] = g[m - 1] * f[m - 2];
    for (int i = m - 2; i >= n; i--) {
      g[i] = g[i + 1] * T(i + 1);
      h[i] = g[i] * f[i - 1];
    }
  }

  T fac(int i) {
    if (i < 0) return T(0);
    while (i >= (int)f.size()) extend();
    return f[i];
  }

  T finv(int i) {
    if (i < 0) return T(0);
    while (i >= (int)g.size()) extend();
    return g[i];
  }

  T inv(int i) {
    if (i < 0) return -inv(-i);
    while (i >= (int)h.size()) extend();
    return h[i];
  }

  T C(int n, int r) {
    if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0);
    return fac(n) * finv(n - r) * finv(r);
  }

  inline T operator()(int n, int r) { return C(n, r); }

  template <typename I>
  T multinomial(const vector<I>& r) {
    static_assert(is_integral<I>::value == true);
    int n = 0;
    for (auto& x : r) {
      if (x < 0) return T(0);
      n += x;
    }
    T res = fac(n);
    for (auto& x : r) res *= finv(x);
    return res;
  }

  template <typename I>
  T operator()(const vector<I>& r) {
    return multinomial(r);
  }

  T C_naive(int n, int r) {
    if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0);
    T ret = T(1);
    r = min(r, n - r);
    for (int i = 1; i <= r; ++i) ret *= inv(i) * (n--);
    return ret;
  }

  T P(int n, int r) {
    if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0);
    return fac(n) * finv(n - r);
  }

  // [x^r] 1 / (1-x)^n
  T H(int n, int r) {
    if (n < 0 || r < 0) return T(0);
    return r == 0 ? 1 : C(n + r - 1, r);
  }
};

// calculate F(x + a)
template <typename mint>
FormalPowerSeries<mint> TaylorShift(FormalPowerSeries<mint> f, mint a,
                                    Binomial<mint>& C) {
  using fps = FormalPowerSeries<mint>;
  int N = f.size();
  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) f[i] *= C.fac(i);
  reverse(begin(f), end(f));
  fps g(N, mint(1));
  for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) g[i] = g[i - 1] * a * C.inv(i);
  f = (f * g).pre(N);
  reverse(begin(f), end(f));
  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) f[i] *= C.finv(i);
  return f;
}

/**
 * @brief 平行移動
 * @docs docs/fps/fps-taylor-shift.md
 */




template <uint32_t mod>
struct LazyMontgomeryModInt {
  using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt;
  using i32 = int32_t;
  using u32 = uint32_t;
  using u64 = uint64_t;

  static constexpr u32 get_r() {
    u32 ret = mod;
    for (i32 i = 0; i < 4; ++i) ret *= 2 - mod * ret;
    return ret;
  }

  static constexpr u32 r = get_r();
  static constexpr u32 n2 = -u64(mod) % mod;
  static_assert(r * mod == 1, "invalid, r * mod != 1");
  static_assert(mod < (1 << 30), "invalid, mod >= 2 ^ 30");
  static_assert((mod & 1) == 1, "invalid, mod % 2 == 0");

  u32 a;

  constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt() : a(0) {}
  constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt(const int64_t &b)
      : a(reduce(u64(b % mod + mod) * n2)){};

  static constexpr u32 reduce(const u64 &b) {
    return (b + u64(u32(b) * u32(-r)) * mod) >> 32;
  }

  constexpr mint &operator+=(const mint &b) {
    if (i32(a += b.a - 2 * mod) < 0) a += 2 * mod;
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr mint &operator-=(const mint &b) {
    if (i32(a -= b.a) < 0) a += 2 * mod;
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr mint &operator*=(const mint &b) {
    a = reduce(u64(a) * b.a);
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr mint &operator/=(const mint &b) {
    *this *= b.inverse();
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr mint operator+(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) += b; }
  constexpr mint operator-(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) -= b; }
  constexpr mint operator*(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) *= b; }
  constexpr mint operator/(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) /= b; }
  constexpr bool operator==(const mint &b) const {
    return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) == (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a);
  }
  constexpr bool operator!=(const mint &b) const {
    return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) != (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a);
  }
  constexpr mint operator-() const { return mint() - mint(*this); }

  constexpr mint pow(u64 n) const {
    mint ret(1), mul(*this);
    while (n > 0) {
      if (n & 1) ret *= mul;
      mul *= mul;
      n >>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
  }
  
  constexpr mint inverse() const { return pow(mod - 2); }

  friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const mint &b) {
    return os << b.get();
  }

  friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, mint &b) {
    int64_t t;
    is >> t;
    b = LazyMontgomeryModInt<mod>(t);
    return (is);
  }
  
  constexpr u32 get() const {
    u32 ret = reduce(a);
    return ret >= mod ? ret - mod : ret;
  }

  static constexpr u32 get_mod() { return mod; }
};


template <typename T, typename F>
struct SegmentTree {
  int N;
  int size;
  vector<T> seg;
  const F f;
  const T I;

  SegmentTree(F _f, const T &I_) : N(0), size(0), f(_f), I(I_) {}

  SegmentTree(int _N, F _f, const T &I_) : f(_f), I(I_) { init(_N); }

  SegmentTree(const vector<T> &v, F _f, T I_) : f(_f), I(I_) {
    init(v.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) {
      seg[i + size] = v[i];
    }
    build();
  }

  void init(int _N) {
    N = _N;
    size = 1;
    while (size < N) size <<= 1;
    seg.assign(2 * size, I);
  }

  void set(int k, T x) { seg[k + size] = x; }

  void build() {
    for (int k = size - 1; k > 0; k--) {
      seg[k] = f(seg[2 * k], seg[2 * k + 1]);
    }
  }

  void update(int k, T x) {
    k += size;
    seg[k] = x;
    while (k >>= 1) {
      seg[k] = f(seg[2 * k], seg[2 * k + 1]);
    }
  }

  void add(int k, T x) {
    k += size;
    seg[k] += x;
    while (k >>= 1) {
      seg[k] = f(seg[2 * k], seg[2 * k + 1]);
    }
  }

  // query to [a, b)
  T query(int a, int b) {
    T L = I, R = I;
    for (a += size, b += size; a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) {
      if (a & 1) L = f(L, seg[a++]);
      if (b & 1) R = f(seg[--b], R);
    }
    return f(L, R);
  }

  T &operator[](const int &k) { return seg[k + size]; }

  // check(a[l] * ...  * a[r-1]) が true となる最大の r
  // (右端まですべて true なら N を返す)
  template <class C>
  int max_right(int l, C check) {
    assert(0 <= l && l <= N);
    assert(check(I) == true);
    if (l == N) return N;
    l += size;
    T sm = I;
    do {
      while (l % 2 == 0) l >>= 1;
      if (!check(f(sm, seg[l]))) {
        while (l < size) {
          l = (2 * l);
          if (check(f(sm, seg[l]))) {
            sm = f(sm, seg[l]);
            l++;
          }
        }
        return l - size;
      }
      sm = f(sm, seg[l]);
      l++;
    } while ((l & -l) != l);
    return N;
  }

  // check(a[l] * ... * a[r-1]) が true となる最小の l
  // (左端まで true なら 0 を返す)
  template <typename C>
  int min_left(int r, C check) {
    assert(0 <= r && r <= N);
    assert(check(I) == true);
    if (r == 0) return 0;
    r += size;
    T sm = I;
    do {
      r--;
      while (r > 1 && (r % 2)) r >>= 1;
      if (!check(f(seg[r], sm))) {
        while (r < size) {
          r = (2 * r + 1);
          if (check(f(seg[r], sm))) {
            sm = f(seg[r], sm);
            r--;
          }
        }
        return r + 1 - size;
      }
      sm = f(seg[r], sm);
    } while ((r & -r) != r);
    return 0;
  }
};
// #include "fps/arbitrary-fps.hpp"
//
using namespace Nyaan;
using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt<998244353>;
// using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt<1000000007>;
using vm = vector<mint>;
using vvm = vector<vm>;
Binomial<mint> C;
using fps = FormalPowerSeries<mint>;
using namespace Nyaan;

void q() {
  inl(H, W, K);
  int N = min(H, W);
  fps f(N + 1);
  rep(n, sz(f)) f[n] = C(H, n) * C(W, n);
  // sum f[n] x^n (1-x)^{HW-n}
  // y=1-x
  // sum f[n] (1-y)^n y^{HW-n}
  // +0 +0 +1
  // +0 +4 -4
  // +1 -2 +1

  ll L = max<ll>(0, H * W - N - 10);
  ll R = H * W + K + 10;
  SegmentTree seg(
      R - L, [](mint a, mint b) { return a * b; }, mint{1});
  rep(i, R - L) seg.set(i, L + i);
  seg.build();
  auto get = [&](ll l, ll r) -> mint { return seg.query(l - L, r - L); };

  {
    mint ans = 0;
    rep(n, sz(f)) {
      // (1 - x^{n+K} (1-x)^{HW-n})'
      mint cur = 0;
      if (n) {
        cur += C.fac(n - 1 + K) / get(H * W - n + 1, H * W + K + 1) * (-n);
      }
      cur += C.fac(n + K) / get(H * W - n, H * W + K + 1) * (H * W - n);
      ans += f[n] * cur;
    }
    out(ans);
    exit(0);
  }
}

void Nyaan::solve() {
  int t = 1;
  // in(t);
  while (t--) q();
}
yukicoder

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