結果
| 問題 | No.2245 Second Smallest |
| ユーザー |
 yosupot
|
| 提出日時 | 2023-03-10 22:16:40 |
| 言語 | C++17 (gcc 12.3.0 + boost 1.83.0) |
| 結果 |
AC
|
| 実行時間 | 10 ms / 2,000 ms |
| コード長 | 37,363 bytes |
| コンパイル時間 | 1,664 ms |
| コンパイル使用メモリ | 135,492 KB |
| 実行使用メモリ | 6,944 KB |
| 最終ジャッジ日時 | 2024-09-18 04:26:51 |
| 合計ジャッジ時間 | 2,531 ms |
|
ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報） |
judge3 / judge4 |
（要ログイン）
テストケース
テストケース表示| 入力 | 結果 | 実行時間 実行使用メモリ |
|---|---|---|
| testcase_00 | AC | 1 ms
6,812 KB |
| testcase_01 | AC | 2 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_02 | AC | 2 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_03 | AC | 1 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_04 | AC | 1 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_05 | AC | 10 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_06 | AC | 8 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_07 | AC | 3 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_08 | AC | 3 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_09 | AC | 9 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_10 | AC | 6 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_11 | AC | 7 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_12 | AC | 6 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_13 | AC | 4 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_14 | AC | 6 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_15 | AC | 6 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_16 | AC | 4 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_17 | AC | 3 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_18 | AC | 5 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_19 | AC | 6 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_20 | AC | 6 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_21 | AC | 5 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_22 | AC | 7 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_23 | AC | 2 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_24 | AC | 8 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_25 | AC | 4 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_26 | AC | 2 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_27 | AC | 9 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_28 | AC | 3 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_29 | AC | 3 ms
6,940 KB |
ソースコード
#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
//#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
//#undef LOCAL
#include <unistd.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>
namespace yosupo {
namespace internal {
int ceil_pow2(int n) {
int x = 0;
while ((1U << x) < (unsigned int)(n)) x++;
return x;
}
} // namespace internal
int bsf(unsigned int n) { return __builtin_ctz(n); }
int bsf(unsigned long n) { return __builtin_ctzl(n); }
int bsf(unsigned long long n) { return __builtin_ctzll(n); }
int bsf(unsigned __int128 n) {
unsigned long long low = (unsigned long long)(n);
unsigned long long high = (unsigned long long)(n >> 64);
return low ? __builtin_ctzll(low) : 64 + __builtin_ctzll(high);
}
int bsr(unsigned int n) {
return 8 * (int)sizeof(unsigned int) - 1 - __builtin_clz(n);
}
int bsr(unsigned long n) {
return 8 * (int)sizeof(unsigned long) - 1 - __builtin_clzl(n);
}
int bsr(unsigned long long n) {
return 8 * (int)sizeof(unsigned long long) - 1 - __builtin_clzll(n);
}
int bsr(unsigned __int128 n) {
unsigned long long low = (unsigned long long)(n);
unsigned long long high = (unsigned long long)(n >> 64);
return high ? 127 - __builtin_clzll(high) : 63 - __builtin_ctzll(low);
}
int popcnt(unsigned int n) { return __builtin_popcount(n); }
int popcnt(unsigned long n) { return __builtin_popcountl(n); }
int popcnt(unsigned long long n) { return __builtin_popcountll(n); }
} // namespace yosupo
#include <cassert>
#include <numeric>
#include <type_traits>
namespace yosupo {
namespace internal {
template <class T>
using is_signed_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value ||
std::is_same<T, __int128>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __uint128_t>::value ||
std::is_same<T, unsigned __int128>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using make_unsigned_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value,
__uint128_t,
unsigned __int128>;
template <class T>
using is_integral =
typename std::conditional<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
internal::is_signed_int128<T>::value ||
internal::is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_signed<T>::value) ||
is_signed_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_unsigned<T>::value) ||
is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<
is_signed_int128<T>::value,
make_unsigned_int128<T>,
typename std::conditional<std::is_signed<T>::value,
std::make_unsigned<T>,
std::common_type<T>>::type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_integral_t = std::enable_if_t<is_integral<T>::value>;
template <class T>
using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_signed_int<T>::value>;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_unsigned_int<T>::value>;
template <class T> using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned<T>::type;
} // namespace internal
} // namespace yosupo
namespace yosupo {
struct Scanner {
public:
Scanner(const Scanner&) = delete;
Scanner& operator=(const Scanner&) = delete;
Scanner(FILE* fp) : fd(fileno(fp)) { line[0] = 127; }
void read() {}
template <class H, class... T> void read(H& h, T&... t) {
bool f = read_single(h);
assert(f);
read(t...);
}
int read_unsafe() { return 0; }
template <class H, class... T> int read_unsafe(H& h, T&... t) {
bool f = read_single(h);
if (!f) return 0;
return 1 + read_unsafe(t...);
}
int close() { return ::close(fd); }
private:
static constexpr int SIZE = 1 << 15;
int fd = -1;
std::array<char, SIZE + 1> line;
int st = 0, ed = 0;
bool eof = false;
bool read_single(std::string& ref) {
if (!skip_space()) return false;
ref = "";
while (true) {
char c = top();
if (c <= ' ') break;
ref += c;
st++;
}
return true;
}
bool read_single(double& ref) {
std::string s;
if (!read_single(s)) return false;
ref = std::stod(s);
return true;
}
template <class T,
std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, char>::value>* = nullptr>
bool read_single(T& ref) {
if (!skip_space<50>()) return false;
ref = top();
st++;
return true;
}
template <class T,
internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr,
std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<T, char>::value>* = nullptr>
bool read_single(T& sref) {
using U = internal::to_unsigned_t<T>;
if (!skip_space<50>()) return false;
bool neg = false;
if (line[st] == '-') {
neg = true;
st++;
}
U ref = 0;
do {
ref = 10 * ref + (line[st++] & 0x0f);
} while (line[st] >= '0');
sref = neg ? -ref : ref;
return true;
}
template <class U,
internal::is_unsigned_int_t<U>* = nullptr,
std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<U, char>::value>* = nullptr>
bool read_single(U& ref) {
if (!skip_space<50>()) return false;
ref = 0;
do {
ref = 10 * ref + (line[st++] & 0x0f);
} while (line[st] >= '0');
return true;
}
bool reread() {
if (ed - st >= 50) return true;
if (st > SIZE / 2) {
std::memmove(line.data(), line.data() + st, ed - st);
ed -= st;
st = 0;
}
if (eof) return false;
auto u = ::read(fd, line.data() + ed, SIZE - ed);
if (u == 0) {
eof = true;
line[ed] = '\0';
u = 1;
}
ed += int(u);
line[ed] = char(127);
return true;
}
char top() {
if (st == ed) {
bool f = reread();
assert(f);
}
return line[st];
}
template <int TOKEN_LEN = 0> bool skip_space() {
while (true) {
while (line[st] <= ' ') st++;
if (ed - st > TOKEN_LEN) return true;
if (st > ed) st = ed;
for (auto i = st; i < ed; i++) {
if (line[i] <= ' ') return true;
}
if (!reread()) return false;
}
}
};
struct Printer {
public:
template <char sep = ' ', bool F = false> void write() {}
template <char sep = ' ', bool F = false, class H, class... T>
void write(const H& h, const T&... t) {
if (F) write_single(sep);
write_single(h);
write<true>(t...);
}
template <char sep = ' ', class... T> void writeln(const T&... t) {
write<sep>(t...);
write_single('\n');
}
Printer(FILE* _fp) : fd(fileno(_fp)) {}
~Printer() { flush(); }
int close() {
flush();
return ::close(fd);
}
void flush() {
if (pos) {
auto res = ::write(fd, line.data(), pos);
assert(res != -1);
pos = 0;
}
}
private:
static std::array<std::array<char, 2>, 100> small;
static std::array<unsigned long long, 20> tens;
static constexpr size_t SIZE = 1 << 15;
int fd;
std::array<char, SIZE> line;
size_t pos = 0;
std::stringstream ss;
template <class T,
std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<char, T>::value>* = nullptr>
void write_single(const T& val) {
if (pos == SIZE) flush();
line[pos++] = val;
}
template <class T,
internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr,
std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<char, T>::value>* = nullptr>
void write_single(const T& val) {
using U = internal::to_unsigned_t<T>;
if (val == 0) {
write_single('0');
return;
}
if (pos > SIZE - 50) flush();
U uval = val;
if (val < 0) {
write_single('-');
uval = -uval;
}
write_unsigned(uval);
}
template <class U, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<U>* = nullptr>
void write_single(U uval) {
if (uval == 0) {
write_single('0');
return;
}
if (pos > SIZE - 50) flush();
write_unsigned(uval);
}
template <class U, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<U>* = nullptr>
static int calc_len(U x) {
int i = (bsr(x) * 3 + 3) / 10;
if (x < tens[i])
return i;
else
return i + 1;
}
template <class U,
internal::is_unsigned_int_t<U>* = nullptr,
std::enable_if_t<2 >= sizeof(U)>* = nullptr>
void write_unsigned(U uval) {
size_t len = calc_len(uval);
pos += len;
char* ptr = line.data() + pos;
while (uval >= 100) {
ptr -= 2;
memcpy(ptr, small[uval % 100].data(), 2);
uval /= 100;
}
if (uval >= 10) {
memcpy(ptr - 2, small[uval].data(), 2);
} else {
*(ptr - 1) = char('0' + uval);
}
}
template <class U,
internal::is_unsigned_int_t<U>* = nullptr,
std::enable_if_t<4 == sizeof(U)>* = nullptr>
void write_unsigned(U uval) {
std::array<char, 8> buf;
memcpy(buf.data() + 6, small[uval % 100].data(), 2);
memcpy(buf.data() + 4, small[uval / 100 % 100].data(), 2);
memcpy(buf.data() + 2, small[uval / 10000 % 100].data(), 2);
memcpy(buf.data() + 0, small[uval / 1000000 % 100].data(), 2);
if (uval >= 100000000) {
if (uval >= 1000000000) {
memcpy(line.data() + pos, small[uval / 100000000 % 100].data(),
2);
pos += 2;
} else {
line[pos] = char('0' + uval / 100000000);
pos++;
}
memcpy(line.data() + pos, buf.data(), 8);
pos += 8;
} else {
size_t len = calc_len(uval);
memcpy(line.data() + pos, buf.data() + (8 - len), len);
pos += len;
}
}
template <class U,
internal::is_unsigned_int_t<U>* = nullptr,
std::enable_if_t<8 == sizeof(U)>* = nullptr>
void write_unsigned(U uval) {
size_t len = calc_len(uval);
pos += len;
char* ptr = line.data() + pos;
while (uval >= 100) {
ptr -= 2;
memcpy(ptr, small[uval % 100].data(), 2);
uval /= 100;
}
if (uval >= 10) {
memcpy(ptr - 2, small[uval].data(), 2);
} else {
*(ptr - 1) = char('0' + uval);
}
}
template <
class U,
std::enable_if_t<internal::is_unsigned_int128<U>::value>* = nullptr>
void write_unsigned(U uval) {
static std::array<char, 50> buf;
size_t len = 0;
while (uval > 0) {
buf[len++] = char((uval % 10) + '0');
uval /= 10;
}
std::reverse(buf.begin(), buf.begin() + len);
memcpy(line.data() + pos, buf.data(), len);
pos += len;
}
void write_single(const std::string& s) {
for (char c : s) write_single(c);
}
void write_single(const char* s) {
size_t len = strlen(s);
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) write_single(s[i]);
}
template <class T> void write_single(const std::vector<T>& val) {
auto n = val.size();
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (i) write_single(' ');
write_single(val[i]);
}
}
};
std::array<std::array<char, 2>, 100> Printer::small = [] {
std::array<std::array<char, 2>, 100> table;
for (int i = 0; i <= 99; i++) {
table[i][1] = char('0' + (i % 10));
table[i][0] = char('0' + (i / 10 % 10));
}
return table;
}();
std::array<unsigned long long, 20> Printer::tens = [] {
std::array<unsigned long long, 20> table;
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
table[i] = 1;
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
table[i] *= 10;
}
}
return table;
}();
} // namespace yosupo
#include <cassert>
#include <numeric>
#include <type_traits>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
#include <utility>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) {
x %= m;
if (x < 0) x += m;
return x;
}
struct barrett {
unsigned int _m;
unsigned long long im;
explicit barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1) {}
unsigned int umod() const { return _m; }
unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b) const {
unsigned long long z = a;
z *= b;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
unsigned long long x;
_umul128(z, im, &x);
#else
unsigned long long x =
(unsigned long long)(((unsigned __int128)(z)*im) >> 64);
#endif
unsigned int v = (unsigned int)(z - x * _m);
if (_m <= v) v += _m;
return v;
}
};
constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m) {
if (m == 1) return 0;
unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m);
unsigned long long r = 1;
unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m);
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m;
y = (y * y) % _m;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return false;
if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true;
if (n % 2 == 0) return false;
long long d = n - 1;
while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2;
constexpr long long bases[3] = {2, 7, 61};
for (long long a : bases) {
long long t = d;
long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n);
while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) {
y = y * y % n;
t <<= 1;
}
if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
template <int n> constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n);
constexpr std::pair<long long, long long> inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) {
a = safe_mod(a, b);
if (a == 0) return {b, 0};
long long s = b, t = a;
long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1;
while (t) {
long long u = s / t;
s -= t * u;
m0 -= m1 * u; // |m1 * u| <= |m1| * s <= b
auto tmp = s;
s = t;
t = tmp;
tmp = m0;
m0 = m1;
m1 = tmp;
}
if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s;
return {s, m0};
}
constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) {
if (m == 2) return 1;
if (m == 167772161) return 3;
if (m == 469762049) return 3;
if (m == 754974721) return 11;
if (m == 998244353) return 3;
int divs[20] = {};
divs[0] = 2;
int cnt = 1;
int x = (m - 1) / 2;
while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2;
for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) {
if (x % i == 0) {
divs[cnt++] = i;
while (x % i == 0) {
x /= i;
}
}
}
if (x > 1) {
divs[cnt++] = x;
}
for (int g = 2;; g++) {
bool ok = true;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) {
ok = false;
break;
}
}
if (ok) return g;
}
}
template <int m> constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m);
unsigned long long floor_sum_unsigned(unsigned long long n,
unsigned long long m,
unsigned long long a,
unsigned long long b) {
unsigned long long ans = 0;
while (true) {
if (a >= m) {
ans += n * (n - 1) / 2 * (a / m);
a %= m;
}
if (b >= m) {
ans += n * (b / m);
b %= m;
}
unsigned long long y_max = a * n + b;
if (y_max < m) break;
n = (unsigned long long)(y_max / m);
b = (unsigned long long)(y_max % m);
std::swap(m, a);
}
return ans;
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#include <cassert>
#include <numeric>
#include <type_traits>
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
#ifndef _MSC_VER
template <class T>
using is_signed_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value ||
std::is_same<T, __int128>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __uint128_t>::value ||
std::is_same<T, unsigned __int128>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using make_unsigned_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value,
__uint128_t,
unsigned __int128>;
template <class T>
using is_integral = typename std::conditional<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
is_signed_int128<T>::value ||
is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_signed<T>::value) ||
is_signed_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_unsigned<T>::value) ||
is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<
is_signed_int128<T>::value,
make_unsigned_int128<T>,
typename std::conditional<std::is_signed<T>::value,
std::make_unsigned<T>,
std::common_type<T>>::type>::type;
#else
template <class T> using is_integral = typename std::is_integral<T>;
template <class T>
using is_signed_int =
typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value && std::is_signed<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<is_signed_int<T>::value,
std::make_unsigned<T>,
std::common_type<T>>::type;
#endif
template <class T>
using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_signed_int<T>::value>;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_unsigned_int<T>::value>;
template <class T> using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned<T>::type;
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
struct modint_base {};
struct static_modint_base : modint_base {};
template <class T> using is_modint = std::is_base_of<modint_base, T>;
template <class T> using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_modint<T>::value>;
} // namespace internal
template <int m, std::enable_if_t<(1 <= m)>* = nullptr>
struct static_modint : internal::static_modint_base {
using mint = static_modint;
public:
static constexpr int mod() { return m; }
static mint raw(int v) {
mint x;
x._v = v;
return x;
}
static_modint() : _v(0) {}
template <class T, internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
static_modint(T v) {
long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod()));
if (x < 0) x += umod();
_v = (unsigned int)(x);
}
template <class T, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
static_modint(T v) {
_v = (unsigned int)(v % umod());
}
unsigned int val() const { return _v; }
mint& operator++() {
_v++;
if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
return *this;
}
mint& operator--() {
if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
_v--;
return *this;
}
mint operator++(int) {
mint result = *this;
++*this;
return result;
}
mint operator--(int) {
mint result = *this;
--*this;
return result;
}
mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
_v -= rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
unsigned long long z = _v;
z *= rhs._v;
_v = (unsigned int)(z % umod());
return *this;
}
mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); }
mint operator+() const { return *this; }
mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; }
mint pow(long long n) const {
assert(0 <= n);
mint x = *this, r = 1;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r *= x;
x *= x;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
mint inv() const {
if (prime) {
assert(_v);
return pow(umod() - 2);
} else {
auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, m);
assert(eg.first == 1);
return eg.second;
}
}
friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) += rhs;
}
friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
}
friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
}
friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
}
friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v == rhs._v;
}
friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v != rhs._v;
}
private:
unsigned int _v;
static constexpr unsigned int umod() { return m; }
static constexpr bool prime = internal::is_prime<m>;
};
template <int id> struct dynamic_modint : internal::modint_base {
using mint = dynamic_modint;
public:
static int mod() { return (int)(bt.umod()); }
static void set_mod(int m) {
assert(1 <= m);
bt = internal::barrett(m);
}
static mint raw(int v) {
mint x;
x._v = v;
return x;
}
dynamic_modint() : _v(0) {}
template <class T, internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
dynamic_modint(T v) {
long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(mod()));
if (x < 0) x += mod();
_v = (unsigned int)(x);
}
template <class T, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
dynamic_modint(T v) {
_v = (unsigned int)(v % mod());
}
unsigned int val() const { return _v; }
mint& operator++() {
_v++;
if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
return *this;
}
mint& operator--() {
if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
_v--;
return *this;
}
mint operator++(int) {
mint result = *this;
++*this;
return result;
}
mint operator--(int) {
mint result = *this;
--*this;
return result;
}
mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += mod() - rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
_v = bt.mul(_v, rhs._v);
return *this;
}
mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); }
mint operator+() const { return *this; }
mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; }
mint pow(long long n) const {
assert(0 <= n);
mint x = *this, r = 1;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r *= x;
x *= x;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
mint inv() const {
auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, mod());
assert(eg.first == 1);
return eg.second;
}
friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) += rhs;
}
friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
}
friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
}
friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
}
friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v == rhs._v;
}
friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v != rhs._v;
}
private:
unsigned int _v;
static internal::barrett bt;
static unsigned int umod() { return bt.umod(); }
};
template <int id> internal::barrett dynamic_modint<id>::bt(998244353);
using modint998244353 = static_modint<998244353>;
using modint1000000007 = static_modint<1000000007>;
using modint = dynamic_modint<-1>;
namespace internal {
template <class T>
using is_static_modint = std::is_base_of<internal::static_modint_base, T>;
template <class T>
using is_static_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_static_modint<T>::value>;
template <class> struct is_dynamic_modint : public std::false_type {};
template <int id>
struct is_dynamic_modint<dynamic_modint<id>> : public std::true_type {};
template <class T>
using is_dynamic_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_dynamic_modint<T>::value>;
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#include <iostream>
namespace atcoder {
template <int MOD>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const static_modint<MOD>& x) {
return os << x.val();
}
template <int ID>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const dynamic_modint<ID>& x) {
return os << x.val();
}
} // namespace atcoder
namespace yosupo {
template <int MOD> using static_modint = atcoder::static_modint<MOD>;
template <int ID> using dynamic_modint = atcoder::dynamic_modint<ID>;
using modint998244353 = atcoder::modint998244353;
using modint1000000007 = atcoder::modint1000000007;
using modint = atcoder::modint;
struct modint61 {
using mint = modint61;
public:
static constexpr long long mod() { return (1ULL << 61) - 1; }
static mint raw(long long v) {
mint x;
x._v = v;
return x;
}
modint61() : _v(0) {}
template <class T, atcoder::internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
modint61(T v) {
long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod()));
if (x < 0) x += umod();
_v = (unsigned long long)(x);
}
template <class T, atcoder::internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
modint61(T v) {
_v = (unsigned long long)(v % umod());
}
unsigned long long val() const { return _v; }
mint& operator++() {
_v++;
if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
return *this;
}
mint& operator--() {
if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
_v--;
return *this;
}
mint operator++(int) {
mint result = *this;
++*this;
return result;
}
mint operator--(int) {
mint result = *this;
--*this;
return result;
}
mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
_v -= rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
__uint128_t z = _v;
z *= rhs._v;
_v = (unsigned long long)(z % umod());
return *this;
}
mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); }
mint operator+() const { return *this; }
mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; }
mint pow(long long n) const {
assert(0 <= n);
mint x = *this, r = 1;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r *= x;
x *= x;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
mint inv() const {
assert(_v);
return pow(umod() - 2);
}
friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) += rhs;
}
friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
}
friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
}
friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
}
friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v == rhs._v;
}
friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v != rhs._v;
}
private:
unsigned long long _v;
static constexpr unsigned long long umod() { return mod(); }
};
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const modint61& x) {
return os << x.val();
}
namespace internal {
template <class H> auto update(const H& h, const modint61& x) {
return update(h, x.val());
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace yosupo
#include <vector>
namespace yosupo {
namespace internal {
template <class T>
struct CombState {
int size = 1;
std::vector<T> fact = {T(1)};
std::vector<T> inv_fact = {T(1)};
std::vector<T> inv = {T(0)};
void extend() {
fact.resize(2 * size);
inv_fact.resize(2 * size);
inv.resize(2 * size);
for (int i = size; i < 2 * size; i++) {
fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * T(i);
}
inv_fact[2 * size - 1] = fact[2 * size - 1].inv();
for (int i = 2 * size - 1; i >= size + 1; i--) {
inv_fact[i - 1] = inv_fact[i] * T(i);
}
for (int i = size; i < 2 * size; i++) {
inv[i] = inv_fact[i] * fact[i - 1];
}
size *= 2;
}
};
template <class T> CombState<T>& get_comb_state(int n) {
static CombState<T> state;
while (state.size <= n) state.extend();
return state;
}
}
template <class T> T fact(int x) {
assert(0 <= x);
return internal::get_comb_state<T>(x).fact[x];
}
template <class T> T inv_fact(int x) {
assert(0 <= x);
return internal::get_comb_state<T>(x).inv_fact[x];
}
template <class T> T inv(int x) {
assert(0 <= x);
return internal::get_comb_state<T>(x).inv[x];
}
namespace internal {
template <class T> T comb(int n, int k) {
return fact<T>(n) * inv_fact<T>(k) * inv_fact<T>(n - k);
}
}
template <class T> T comb(int n, int k) {
assert(0 <= k);
if (0 <= n && n < k) return 0;
if (n >= 0) {
return internal::comb<T>(n, k);
}
T x = internal::comb<T>(k - n - 1, k);
if (k % 2) x = -x;
return x;
}
}
using namespace yosupo;
using mint = modint998244353;
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
using namespace std;
using uint = unsigned int;
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
constexpr ll TEN(int n) { return (n == 0) ? 1 : 10 * TEN(n - 1); }
template <class T> using V = vector<T>;
template <class T> using VV = V<V<T>>;
#ifdef LOCAL
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, __int128_t x) {
if (x < 0) {
os << "-";
x *= -1;
}
if (x == 0) {
return os << "0";
}
string s;
while (x) {
s += char(x % 10 + '0');
x /= 10;
}
reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
return os << s;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, __uint128_t x) {
if (x == 0) {
return os << "0";
}
string s;
while (x) {
s += char(x % 10 + '0');
x /= 10;
}
reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
return os << s;
}
template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<T, U>& p);
template <class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const V<T>& v);
template <class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const deque<T>& v);
template <class T, size_t N>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const array<T, N>& a);
template <class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s);
template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<T, U>& m);
template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<T, U>& p) {
return os << "P(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")";
}
template <class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const V<T>& v) {
os << "[";
bool f = false;
for (auto d : v) {
if (f) os << ", ";
f = true;
os << d;
}
return os << "]";
}
template <class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const deque<T>& v) {
os << "[";
bool f = false;
for (auto d : v) {
if (f) os << ", ";
f = true;
os << d;
}
return os << "]";
}
template <class T, size_t N>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const array<T, N>& a) {
os << "[";
bool f = false;
for (auto d : a) {
if (f) os << ", ";
f = true;
os << d;
}
return os << "]";
}
template <class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& s) {
os << "{";
bool f = false;
for (auto d : s) {
if (f) os << ", ";
f = true;
os << d;
}
return os << "}";
}
template <class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const multiset<T>& s) {
os << "{";
bool f = false;
for (auto d : s) {
if (f) os << ", ";
f = true;
os << d;
}
return os << "}";
}
template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<T, U>& s) {
os << "{";
bool f = false;
for (auto p : s) {
if (f) os << ", ";
f = true;
os << p.first << ": " << p.second;
}
return os << "}";
}
struct PrettyOS {
ostream& os;
bool first;
template <class T> auto operator<<(T&& x) {
if (!first) os << ", ";
first = false;
os << x;
return *this;
}
};
template <class... T> void dbg0(T&&... t) {
(PrettyOS{cerr, true} << ... << t);
}
#define dbg(...) \
do { \
cerr << __LINE__ << " : " << #__VA_ARGS__ << " = "; \
dbg0(__VA_ARGS__); \
cerr << endl; \
} while (false);
#else
#define dbg(...)
#endif
Scanner sc = Scanner(stdin);
Printer pr = Printer(stdout);
int main() {
int h, w, k;
sc.read(h, w, k);
mint ans = 0;
mint buf = 1;
for (int j = h * w - 0 + 1 + 1; j <= h * w + k; j++) {
buf *= j;
}
for (int i = 0; i <= min(h, w); i++) {
mint f = comb<mint>(h, i) * comb<mint>(w, i);
f *= fact<mint>(k - 1 + i);
/*
f *= fact<mint>(h * w - i);
f /= fact<mint>(h * w + k);
*/
/*
for (int j = h * w - i + 1; j <= h * w + k; j++) {
f /= j;
}
*/
buf *= h * w - i + 1;
f /= buf;
ans += f;
}
ans *= k;
dbg(ans);
pr.writeln(ans.val());
return 0;
}