結果
| 問題 | No.2255 Determinant Sum |
| ユーザー |
 hitonanode
|
| 提出日時 | 2023-03-24 22:10:21 |
| 言語 | C++23 (gcc 12.3.0 + boost 1.83.0) |
| 結果 |
AC
|
| 実行時間 | 385 ms / 2,000 ms |
| コード長 | 27,427 bytes |
| コンパイル時間 | 2,297 ms |
| コンパイル使用メモリ | 196,176 KB |
| 実行使用メモリ | 6,944 KB |
| 最終ジャッジ日時 | 2024-09-18 17:09:54 |
| 合計ジャッジ時間 | 6,448 ms |
|
ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報） |
judge3 / judge4 |
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テストケース
テストケース表示| 入力 | 結果 | 実行時間 実行使用メモリ |
|---|---|---|
| testcase_00 | AC | 2 ms
6,812 KB |
| testcase_01 | AC | 1 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_02 | AC | 4 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_03 | AC | 4 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_04 | AC | 5 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_05 | AC | 2 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_06 | AC | 385 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_07 | AC | 275 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_08 | AC | 318 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_09 | AC | 317 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_10 | AC | 314 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_11 | AC | 14 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_12 | AC | 160 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_13 | AC | 15 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_14 | AC | 349 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_15 | AC | 139 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_16 | AC | 126 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_17 | AC | 123 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_18 | AC | 114 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_19 | AC | 135 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_20 | AC | 136 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_21 | AC | 182 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_22 | AC | 149 ms
6,940 KB |
ソースコード
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <chrono>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <deque>
#include <forward_list>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ios>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using lint = long long;
using pint = pair<int, int>;
using plint = pair<lint, lint>;
struct fast_ios { fast_ios(){ cin.tie(nullptr), ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cout << fixed << setprecision(20); }; } fast_ios_;
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define FOR(i, begin, end) for(int i=(begin),i##_end_=(end);i<i##_end_;i++)
#define IFOR(i, begin, end) for(int i=(end)-1,i##_begin_=(begin);i>=i##_begin_;i--)
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i,0,n)
#define IREP(i, n) IFOR(i,0,n)
template <typename T, typename V>
void ndarray(vector<T>& vec, const V& val, int len) { vec.assign(len, val); }
template <typename T, typename V, typename... Args> void ndarray(vector<T>& vec, const V& val, int len, Args... args) { vec.resize(len), for_each(begin(vec), end(vec), [&](T& v) { ndarray(v, val, args...); }); }
template <typename T> bool chmax(T &m, const T q) { return m < q ? (m = q, true) : false; }
template <typename T> bool chmin(T &m, const T q) { return m > q ? (m = q, true) : false; }
const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> grid_dxs{{1, 0}, {-1, 0}, {0, 1}, {0, -1}};
int floor_lg(long long x) { return x <= 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
template <class T1, class T2> T1 floor_div(T1 num, T2 den) { return (num > 0 ? num / den : -((-num + den - 1) / den)); }
template <class T1, class T2> std::pair<T1, T2> operator+(const std::pair<T1, T2> &l, const std::pair<T1, T2> &r) { return std::make_pair(l.first + r.first, l.second + r.second); }
template <class T1, class T2> std::pair<T1, T2> operator-(const std::pair<T1, T2> &l, const std::pair<T1, T2> &r) { return std::make_pair(l.first - r.first, l.second - r.second); }
template <class T> std::vector<T> sort_unique(std::vector<T> vec) { sort(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.erase(unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end()); return vec; }
template <class T> int arglb(const std::vector<T> &v, const T &x) { return std::distance(v.begin(), std::lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x)); }
template <class T> int argub(const std::vector<T> &v, const T &x) { return std::distance(v.begin(), std::upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x)); }
template <class IStream, class T> IStream &operator>>(IStream &is, std::vector<T> &vec) { for (auto &v : vec) is >> v; return is; }
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::vector<T> &vec);
template <class OStream, class T, size_t sz> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::array<T, sz> &arr);
template <class OStream, class T, class TH> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::unordered_set<T, TH> &vec);
template <class OStream, class T, class U> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const pair<T, U> &pa);
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::deque<T> &vec);
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::set<T> &vec);
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::multiset<T> &vec);
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::unordered_multiset<T> &vec);
template <class OStream, class T, class U> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::pair<T, U> &pa);
template <class OStream, class TK, class TV> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::map<TK, TV> &mp);
template <class OStream, class TK, class TV, class TH> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::unordered_map<TK, TV, TH> &mp);
template <class OStream, class... T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::tuple<T...> &tpl);
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::vector<T> &vec) { os << '['; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << ']'; return os; }
template <class OStream, class T, size_t sz> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::array<T, sz> &arr) { os << '['; for (auto v : arr) os << v << ','; os << ']'; return os; }
template <class... T> std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::tuple<T...> &tpl) { std::apply([&is](auto &&... args) { ((is >> args), ...);}, tpl); return is; }
template <class OStream, class... T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::tuple<T...> &tpl) { os << '('; std::apply([&os](auto &&... args) { ((os << args << ','), ...);}, tpl); return os << ')'; }
template <class OStream, class T, class TH> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::unordered_set<T, TH> &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::deque<T> &vec) { os << "deq["; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << ']'; return os; }
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::set<T> &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::multiset<T> &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <class OStream, class T> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::unordered_multiset<T> &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <class OStream, class T, class U> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::pair<T, U> &pa) { return os << '(' << pa.first << ',' << pa.second << ')'; }
template <class OStream, class TK, class TV> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::map<TK, TV> &mp) { os << '{'; for (auto v : mp) os << v.first << "=>" << v.second << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <class OStream, class TK, class TV, class TH> OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const std::unordered_map<TK, TV, TH> &mp) { os << '{'; for (auto v : mp) os << v.first << "=>" << v.second << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
#ifdef HITONANODE_LOCAL
const string COLOR_RESET = "\033[0m", BRIGHT_GREEN = "\033[1;32m", BRIGHT_RED = "\033[1;31m", BRIGHT_CYAN = "\033[1;36m", NORMAL_CROSSED = "\033[0;9;37m", RED_BACKGROUND = "\033[1;41m", NORMAL_FAINT = "\033[0;2m";
#define dbg(x) std::cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << COLOR_RESET << " = " << (x) << NORMAL_FAINT << " (L" << __LINE__ << ") " << __FILE__ << COLOR_RESET << std::endl
#define dbgif(cond, x) ((cond) ? std::cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << COLOR_RESET << " = " << (x) << NORMAL_FAINT << " (L" << __LINE__ << ") " << __FILE__ << COLOR_RESET << std::endl : std::cerr)
#else
#define dbg(x) ((void)0)
#define dbgif(cond, x) ((void)0)
#endif
struct ModIntRuntime {
private:
static int md;
public:
using lint = long long;
static int mod() { return md; }
int val_;
static std::vector<ModIntRuntime> &facs() {
static std::vector<ModIntRuntime> facs_;
return facs_;
}
static int &get_primitive_root() {
static int primitive_root_ = 0;
if (!primitive_root_) {
primitive_root_ = [&]() {
std::set<int> fac;
int v = md - 1;
for (lint i = 2; i * i <= v; i++)
while (v % i == 0) fac.insert(i), v /= i;
if (v > 1) fac.insert(v);
for (int g = 1; g < md; g++) {
bool ok = true;
for (auto i : fac)
if (ModIntRuntime(g).power((md - 1) / i) == 1) {
ok = false;
break;
}
if (ok) return g;
}
return -1;
}();
}
return primitive_root_;
}
static void set_mod(const int &m) {
if (md != m) facs().clear();
md = m;
get_primitive_root() = 0;
}
ModIntRuntime &_setval(lint v) {
val_ = (v >= md ? v - md : v);
return *this;
}
int val() const noexcept { return val_; }
ModIntRuntime() : val_(0) {}
ModIntRuntime(lint v) { _setval(v % md + md); }
explicit operator bool() const { return val_ != 0; }
ModIntRuntime operator+(const ModIntRuntime &x) const {
return ModIntRuntime()._setval((lint)val_ + x.val_);
}
ModIntRuntime operator-(const ModIntRuntime &x) const {
return ModIntRuntime()._setval((lint)val_ - x.val_ + md);
}
ModIntRuntime operator*(const ModIntRuntime &x) const {
return ModIntRuntime()._setval((lint)val_ * x.val_ % md);
}
ModIntRuntime operator/(const ModIntRuntime &x) const {
return ModIntRuntime()._setval((lint)val_ * x.inv().val() % md);
}
ModIntRuntime operator-() const { return ModIntRuntime()._setval(md - val_); }
ModIntRuntime &operator+=(const ModIntRuntime &x) { return *this = *this + x; }
ModIntRuntime &operator-=(const ModIntRuntime &x) { return *this = *this - x; }
ModIntRuntime &operator*=(const ModIntRuntime &x) { return *this = *this * x; }
ModIntRuntime &operator/=(const ModIntRuntime &x) { return *this = *this / x; }
friend ModIntRuntime operator+(lint a, const ModIntRuntime &x) {
return ModIntRuntime()._setval(a % md + x.val_);
}
friend ModIntRuntime operator-(lint a, const ModIntRuntime &x) {
return ModIntRuntime()._setval(a % md - x.val_ + md);
}
friend ModIntRuntime operator*(lint a, const ModIntRuntime &x) {
return ModIntRuntime()._setval(a % md * x.val_ % md);
}
friend ModIntRuntime operator/(lint a, const ModIntRuntime &x) {
return ModIntRuntime()._setval(a % md * x.inv().val() % md);
}
bool operator==(const ModIntRuntime &x) const { return val_ == x.val_; }
bool operator!=(const ModIntRuntime &x) const { return val_ != x.val_; }
bool operator<(const ModIntRuntime &x) const {
return val_ < x.val_;
} // To use std::map<ModIntRuntime, T>
friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, ModIntRuntime &x) {
lint t;
return is >> t, x = ModIntRuntime(t), is;
}
friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const ModIntRuntime &x) {
return os << x.val_;
}
lint power(lint n) const {
lint ans = 1, tmp = this->val_;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) ans = ans * tmp % md;
tmp = tmp * tmp % md;
n /= 2;
}
return ans;
}
ModIntRuntime pow(lint n) const { return power(n); }
ModIntRuntime inv() const { return this->pow(md - 2); }
ModIntRuntime fac() const {
int l0 = facs().size();
if (l0 > this->val_) return facs()[this->val_];
facs().resize(this->val_ + 1);
for (int i = l0; i <= this->val_; i++)
facs()[i] = (i == 0 ? ModIntRuntime(1) : facs()[i - 1] * ModIntRuntime(i));
return facs()[this->val_];
}
ModIntRuntime doublefac() const {
lint k = (this->val_ + 1) / 2;
return (this->val_ & 1)
? ModIntRuntime(k * 2).fac() / (ModIntRuntime(2).pow(k) * ModIntRuntime(k).fac())
: ModIntRuntime(k).fac() * ModIntRuntime(2).pow(k);
}
ModIntRuntime nCr(const ModIntRuntime &r) const {
return (this->val_ < r.val_) ? ModIntRuntime(0)
: this->fac() / ((*this - r).fac() * r.fac());
}
ModIntRuntime sqrt() const {
if (val_ == 0) return 0;
if (md == 2) return val_;
if (power((md - 1) / 2) != 1) return 0;
ModIntRuntime b = 1;
while (b.power((md - 1) / 2) == 1) b += 1;
int e = 0, m = md - 1;
while (m % 2 == 0) m >>= 1, e++;
ModIntRuntime x = power((m - 1) / 2), y = (*this) * x * x;
x *= (*this);
ModIntRuntime z = b.power(m);
while (y != 1) {
int j = 0;
ModIntRuntime t = y;
while (t != 1) j++, t *= t;
z = z.power(1LL << (e - j - 1));
x *= z, z *= z, y *= z;
e = j;
}
return ModIntRuntime(std::min(x.val_, md - x.val_));
}
};
int ModIntRuntime::md = 1;
using mint = ModIntRuntime;
namespace matrix_ {
struct has_id_method_impl {
template <class T_> static auto check(T_ *) -> decltype(T_::id(), std::true_type());
template <class T_> static auto check(...) -> std::false_type;
};
template <class T_> struct has_id : decltype(has_id_method_impl::check<T_>(nullptr)) {};
} // namespace matrix_
template <typename T> struct matrix {
int H, W;
std::vector<T> elem;
typename std::vector<T>::iterator operator[](int i) { return elem.begin() + i * W; }
inline T &at(int i, int j) { return elem[i * W + j]; }
inline T get(int i, int j) const { return elem[i * W + j]; }
int height() const { return H; }
int width() const { return W; }
std::vector<std::vector<T>> vecvec() const {
std::vector<std::vector<T>> ret(H);
for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) {
std::copy(elem.begin() + i * W, elem.begin() + (i + 1) * W, std::back_inserter(ret[i]));
}
return ret;
}
operator std::vector<std::vector<T>>() const { return vecvec(); }
matrix() = default;
matrix(int H, int W) : H(H), W(W), elem(H * W) {}
matrix(const std::vector<std::vector<T>> &d) : H(d.size()), W(d.size() ? d[0].size() : 0) {
for (auto &raw : d) std::copy(raw.begin(), raw.end(), std::back_inserter(elem));
}
template <typename T2, typename std::enable_if<matrix_::has_id<T2>::value>::type * = nullptr>
static T2 _T_id() {
return T2::id();
}
template <typename T2, typename std::enable_if<!matrix_::has_id<T2>::value>::type * = nullptr>
static T2 _T_id() {
return T2(1);
}
static matrix Identity(int N) {
matrix ret(N, N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) ret.at(i, i) = _T_id<T>();
return ret;
}
matrix operator-() const {
matrix ret(H, W);
for (int i = 0; i < H * W; i++) ret.elem[i] = -elem[i];
return ret;
}
matrix operator*(const T &v) const {
matrix ret = *this;
for (auto &x : ret.elem) x *= v;
return ret;
}
matrix operator/(const T &v) const {
matrix ret = *this;
const T vinv = _T_id<T>() / v;
for (auto &x : ret.elem) x *= vinv;
return ret;
}
matrix operator+(const matrix &r) const {
matrix ret = *this;
for (int i = 0; i < H * W; i++) ret.elem[i] += r.elem[i];
return ret;
}
matrix operator-(const matrix &r) const {
matrix ret = *this;
for (int i = 0; i < H * W; i++) ret.elem[i] -= r.elem[i];
return ret;
}
matrix operator*(const matrix &r) const {
matrix ret(H, r.W);
for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) {
for (int k = 0; k < W; k++) {
for (int j = 0; j < r.W; j++) ret.at(i, j) += this->get(i, k) * r.get(k, j);
}
}
return ret;
}
matrix &operator*=(const T &v) { return *this = *this * v; }
matrix &operator/=(const T &v) { return *this = *this / v; }
matrix &operator+=(const matrix &r) { return *this = *this + r; }
matrix &operator-=(const matrix &r) { return *this = *this - r; }
matrix &operator*=(const matrix &r) { return *this = *this * r; }
bool operator==(const matrix &r) const { return H == r.H and W == r.W and elem == r.elem; }
bool operator!=(const matrix &r) const { return H != r.H or W != r.W or elem != r.elem; }
bool operator<(const matrix &r) const { return elem < r.elem; }
matrix pow(int64_t n) const {
matrix ret = Identity(H);
bool ret_is_id = true;
if (n == 0) return ret;
for (int i = 63 - __builtin_clzll(n); i >= 0; i--) {
if (!ret_is_id) ret *= ret;
if ((n >> i) & 1) ret *= (*this), ret_is_id = false;
}
return ret;
}
std::vector<T> pow_vec(int64_t n, std::vector<T> vec) const {
matrix x = *this;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) vec = x * vec;
x *= x;
n >>= 1;
}
return vec;
};
matrix transpose() const {
matrix ret(W, H);
for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) ret.at(j, i) = this->get(i, j);
}
return ret;
}
// Gauss-Jordan elimination
// - Require inverse for every non-zero element
// - Complexity: O(H^2 W)
template <typename T2, typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T2>::value>::type * = nullptr>
static int choose_pivot(const matrix<T2> &mtr, int h, int c) noexcept {
int piv = -1;
for (int j = h; j < mtr.H; j++) {
if (mtr.get(j, c) and (piv < 0 or std::abs(mtr.get(j, c)) > std::abs(mtr.get(piv, c))))
piv = j;
}
return piv;
}
template <typename T2, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_floating_point<T2>::value>::type * = nullptr>
static int choose_pivot(const matrix<T2> &mtr, int h, int c) noexcept {
for (int j = h; j < mtr.H; j++) {
if (mtr.get(j, c) != T2()) return j;
}
return -1;
}
matrix gauss_jordan() const {
int c = 0;
matrix mtr(*this);
std::vector<int> ws;
ws.reserve(W);
for (int h = 0; h < H; h++) {
if (c == W) break;
int piv = choose_pivot(mtr, h, c);
if (piv == -1) {
c++;
h--;
continue;
}
if (h != piv) {
for (int w = 0; w < W; w++) {
std::swap(mtr[piv][w], mtr[h][w]);
mtr.at(piv, w) *= -_T_id<T>(); // To preserve sign of determinant
}
}
ws.clear();
for (int w = c; w < W; w++) {
if (mtr.at(h, w) != T()) ws.emplace_back(w);
}
const T hcinv = _T_id<T>() / mtr.at(h, c);
for (int hh = 0; hh < H; hh++)
if (hh != h) {
const T coeff = mtr.at(hh, c) * hcinv;
for (auto w : ws) mtr.at(hh, w) -= mtr.at(h, w) * coeff;
mtr.at(hh, c) = T();
}
c++;
}
return mtr;
}
int rank_of_gauss_jordan() const {
for (int i = H * W - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (elem[i] != 0) return i / W + 1;
}
return 0;
}
int rank() const { return gauss_jordan().rank_of_gauss_jordan(); }
T determinant_of_upper_triangle() const {
T ret = _T_id<T>();
for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) ret *= get(i, i);
return ret;
}
int inverse() {
assert(H == W);
std::vector<std::vector<T>> ret = Identity(H), tmp = *this;
int rank = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) {
int ti = i;
while (ti < H and tmp[ti][i] == 0) ti++;
if (ti == H) {
continue;
} else {
rank++;
}
ret[i].swap(ret[ti]), tmp[i].swap(tmp[ti]);
T inv = _T_id<T>() / tmp[i][i];
for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) ret[i][j] *= inv;
for (int j = i + 1; j < W; j++) tmp[i][j] *= inv;
for (int h = 0; h < H; h++) {
if (i == h) continue;
const T c = -tmp[h][i];
for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) ret[h][j] += ret[i][j] * c;
for (int j = i + 1; j < W; j++) tmp[h][j] += tmp[i][j] * c;
}
}
*this = ret;
return rank;
}
friend std::vector<T> operator*(const matrix &m, const std::vector<T> &v) {
assert(m.W == int(v.size()));
std::vector<T> ret(m.H);
for (int i = 0; i < m.H; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m.W; j++) ret[i] += m.get(i, j) * v[j];
}
return ret;
}
friend std::vector<T> operator*(const std::vector<T> &v, const matrix &m) {
assert(int(v.size()) == m.H);
std::vector<T> ret(m.W);
for (int i = 0; i < m.H; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m.W; j++) ret[j] += v[i] * m.get(i, j);
}
return ret;
}
std::vector<T> prod(const std::vector<T> &v) const { return (*this) * v; }
std::vector<T> prod_left(const std::vector<T> &v) const { return v * (*this); }
template <class OStream> friend OStream &operator<<(OStream &os, const matrix &x) {
os << "[(" << x.H << " * " << x.W << " matrix)";
os << "\n[column sums: ";
for (int j = 0; j < x.W; j++) {
T s = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < x.H; i++) s += x.get(i, j);
os << s << ",";
}
os << "]";
for (int i = 0; i < x.H; i++) {
os << "\n[";
for (int j = 0; j < x.W; j++) os << x.get(i, j) << ",";
os << "]";
}
os << "]\n";
return os;
}
template <class IStream> friend IStream &operator>>(IStream &is, matrix &x) {
for (auto &v : x.elem) is >> v;
return is;
}
};
// Characteristic polynomial of upper Hessenberg matrix M (|xI - M|)
// Complexity: O(n^3)
// R. Rehman, I. C. Ipsen, "La Budde's Method for Computing Characteristic Polynomials," 2011.
template <class Tp> std::vector<Tp> characteristic_poly_of_hessenberg(matrix<Tp> &M) {
const int N = M.height();
// p[i + 1] = (Characteristic polynomial of i-th leading principal minor)
std::vector<std::vector<Tp>> p(N + 1);
p[0] = {1};
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
p[i + 1].assign(i + 2, Tp());
for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) p[i + 1][j + 1] += p[i][j];
for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) p[i + 1][j] -= p[i][j] * M[i][i];
Tp betas = 1;
for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
betas *= M[j + 1][j];
Tp hb = -M[j][i] * betas;
for (int k = 0; k < j + 1; k++) p[i + 1][k] += hb * p[j][k];
}
}
return p[N];
}
// Upper Hessenberg reduction of square matrices
// Complexity: O(n^3)
// Reference:
// http://www.phys.uri.edu/nigh/NumRec/bookfpdf/f11-5.pdf
template <class Tp> void hessenberg_reduction(matrix<Tp> &M) {
assert(M.height() == M.width());
const int N = M.height();
for (int r = 0; r < N - 2; r++) {
int piv = matrix<Tp>::choose_pivot(M, r + 1, r);
if (piv < 0) continue;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) std::swap(M[r + 1][i], M[piv][i]);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) std::swap(M[i][r + 1], M[i][piv]);
const auto rinv = Tp(1) / M[r + 1][r];
for (int i = r + 2; i < N; i++) {
const auto n = M[i][r] * rinv;
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) M[i][j] -= M[r + 1][j] * n;
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) M[j][r + 1] += M[j][i] * n;
}
}
}
template <class Ring> void ring_hessenberg_reduction(matrix<Ring> &M) {
assert(M.height() == M.width());
const int N = M.height();
for (int r = 0; r < N - 2; r++) {
int piv = matrix<Ring>::choose_pivot(M, r + 1, r);
if (piv < 0) continue;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) std::swap(M[r + 1][i], M[piv][i]);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) std::swap(M[i][r + 1], M[i][piv]);
for (int i = r + 2; i < N; i++) {
if (M[i][r] == Ring()) continue;
Ring a = M[r + 1][r], b = M[i][r], m00 = 1, m01 = 0, m10 = 0, m11 = 1;
while (a != Ring() and b != Ring()) {
if (a.val() > b.val()) {
auto d = a.val() / b.val();
a -= b * d, m00 -= m10 * d, m01 -= m11 * d;
} else {
auto d = b.val() / a.val();
b -= a * d, m10 -= m00 * d, m11 -= m01 * d;
}
}
if (a == Ring()) std::swap(a, b), std::swap(m00, m10), std::swap(m01, m11);
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
Ring anew = M[r + 1][j] * m00 + M[i][j] * m01;
Ring bnew = M[r + 1][j] * m10 + M[i][j] * m11;
M[r + 1][j] = anew;
M[i][j] = bnew;
}
assert(M[i][r] == 0);
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
Ring anew = M[j][r + 1] * m11 - M[j][i] * m10;
Ring bnew = -M[j][r + 1] * m01 + M[j][i] * m00;
M[j][r + 1] = anew;
M[j][i] = bnew;
}
}
}
}
// det(M_0 + M_1 x), M0 , M1: n x n matrix of F_p
// Complexity: O(n^3)
// Verified: https://yukicoder.me/problems/no/1907
template <class T>
std::vector<T> determinant_of_first_degree_poly_mat(std::vector<std::vector<T>> M0,
std::vector<std::vector<T>> M1) {
const int N = M0.size();
int multiply_by_x = 0;
T detAdetBinv = 1;
for (int p = 0; p < N; ++p) {
int pivot = -1;
for (int row = p; row < N; ++row) {
if (M1[row][p] != T()) {
pivot = row;
break;
}
}
if (pivot < 0) {
++multiply_by_x;
if (multiply_by_x > N) return std::vector<T>(N + 1);
for (int row = 0; row < p; ++row) {
T v = M1[row][p];
M1[row][p] = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) M0[i][p] -= v * M0[i][row];
}
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) std::swap(M0[i][p], M1[i][p]);
--p;
continue;
}
if (pivot != p) {
M1[pivot].swap(M1[p]);
M0[pivot].swap(M0[p]);
detAdetBinv *= -1;
}
T v = M1[p][p], vinv = v.inv();
detAdetBinv *= v;
for (int col = 0; col < N; ++col) {
M0[p][col] *= vinv;
M1[p][col] *= vinv;
}
for (int row = 0; row < N; ++row) {
if (row == p) continue;
T v = M1[row][p];
for (int col = 0; col < N; ++col) {
M0[row][col] -= M0[p][col] * v;
M1[row][col] -= M1[p][col] * v;
}
}
}
for (auto &vec : M0) {
for (auto &x : vec) x = -x;
}
matrix<T> tmp_mat(M0);
hessenberg_reduction(tmp_mat);
auto poly = characteristic_poly_of_hessenberg(tmp_mat);
for (auto &x : poly) x *= detAdetBinv;
poly.erase(poly.begin(), poly.begin() + multiply_by_x);
poly.resize(N + 1);
return poly;
}
int main() {
int T;
cin >> T;
while (T--) {
int N, P;
cin >> N >> P;
mint::set_mod(P);
vector<vector<mint>> M0(N, vector<mint>(N)), M1(N, vector<mint>(N));
matrix<mint> mat(N, N);
int M = 0;
REP(i, N) REP(j, N) {
int a;
cin >> a;
if (a >= 0) {
M0[i][j] = a;
} else {
++M;
M1[i][j] = 1;
}
}
// dbg(M0);
// dbg(M1);
auto f = determinant_of_first_degree_poly_mat(M0, M1);
dbg(f);
if (P == 2 and M <= N) {
// cout << f.back() << '\n';
cout << f.at(M) << '\n';
} else {
cout << 0 << '\n';
}
}
}