結果
| 問題 | No.2556 Increasing Matrix |
| ユーザー |
👑  Nachia
|
| 提出日時 | 2023-12-20 17:31:15 |
| 言語 | C++17 (gcc 12.3.0 + boost 1.83.0) |
| 結果 |
WA
|
| 実行時間 | - |
| コード長 | 24,847 bytes |
| コンパイル時間 | 2,427 ms |
| コンパイル使用メモリ | 134,652 KB |
| 実行使用メモリ | 37,528 KB |
| 最終ジャッジ日時 | 2024-09-27 09:54:11 |
| 合計ジャッジ時間 | 5,116 ms |
|
ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報） |
judge2 / judge5 |
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テストケース
テストケース表示| 入力 | 結果 | 実行時間 実行使用メモリ |
|---|---|---|
| testcase_00 | AC | 2 ms
6,812 KB |
| testcase_01 | AC | 2 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_02 | AC | 2 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_03 | WA | - |
| testcase_04 | AC | 3 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_05 | WA | - |
| testcase_06 | AC | 2 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_07 | AC | 2 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_08 | AC | 2 ms
6,944 KB |
| testcase_09 | WA | - |
| testcase_10 | WA | - |
| testcase_11 | AC | 4 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_12 | AC | 3 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_13 | AC | 7 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_14 | AC | 13 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_15 | AC | 12 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_16 | AC | 10 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_17 | AC | 17 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_18 | AC | 235 ms
22,324 KB |
| testcase_19 | AC | 307 ms
31,064 KB |
| testcase_20 | AC | 323 ms
32,104 KB |
| testcase_21 | AC | 198 ms
20,332 KB |
| testcase_22 | AC | 22 ms
6,940 KB |
| testcase_23 | AC | 396 ms
37,528 KB |
| testcase_24 | AC | 407 ms
37,408 KB |
ソースコード
#ifdef NACHIA
// #define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#else
#define NDEBUG
#endif
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <queue>
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <atcoder/modint>
using namespace std;
using i64 = long long;
using u64 = unsigned long long;
#define rep(i,n) for(i64 i=0; i<(i64)(n); i++)
#define repr(i,n) for(i64 i=(i64)(n)-1; i>=0; i--)
const i64 INF = 1001001001001001001;
const char* yn(bool x){ return x ? "Yes" : "No"; }
template<typename A> void chmin(A& l, const A& r){ if(r < l) l = r; }
template<typename A> void chmax(A& l, const A& r){ if(l < r) l = r; }
template<typename A> using nega_queue = priority_queue<A,vector<A>,greater<A>>;
using Modint = atcoder::static_modint<998244353>;
//#include "nachia/vec.hpp"
namespace nachia{
template<class Modint, class Fps>
std::vector<Modint> MultipointEvaluation(
const Fps& poly,
const std::vector<Modint>& points
) {
if(poly.size() == 0) return std::vector<Modint>(points.size(), Modint());
if(points.size() == 0) return {};
int N = poly.size();
int M = points.size();
int Z = 1; while(Z < M) Z *= 2;
auto One = Modint(1);
std::vector<Fps> st(2*Z, Fps(0));
std::vector<int> stsz(2*Z, 0);
for(int i=0; i<M; i++){
st[Z+i] = Fps(2).set(0,-points[i]).set(1,One).ntt();
stsz[Z+i] = 1;
}
for(int i=Z-1; i>=1; i--){
if(stsz[i*2+1]){
int n = stsz[i*2] * 2;
st[i] = st[i*2].clip().mulEach(st[i*2+1]);
st[i] = st[i].nttDouble();
if(stsz[i*2+1] * 2 == n){
for(int j=n; j<n*2; j++) st[i][j] -= One + One;
}
} else if(stsz[i*2]) {
st[i] = st[i*2].nttDouble();
}
stsz[i] = stsz[i*2] + stsz[i*2+1];
}
auto tConb = [](const Fps& A, const Fps& W, int sz, int wsz) -> Fps {
return A.clip(0, W.size()).ntt().mulEach(W).intt().clip(wsz - 1, wsz - 1 + sz);
};
st[1] = tConb(poly, st[1].intt().reverse(stsz[1]+1).inv(N).reverse()
.clip(0,Fps::BestNttSize(N+M)).ntt(), M, N);
for(int i=1; i<Z; i++) if(stsz[i] != 0){
auto q0 = st[i*2].move();
auto q1 = st[i*2+1].move();
if(stsz[i*2+1] != 0){
st[i*2] = tConb(st[i], q1, stsz[i*2], stsz[i*2+1]+1);
st[i*2+1] = tConb(st[i], q0, stsz[i*2+1], stsz[i*2]+1);
} else {
st[i*2] = st[i].move();
}
}
std::vector<Modint> ans(M);
for(int i=0; i<M; i++) ans[i] = st[Z+i][0];
return ans;
}
} // namespace nachia
#include <cassert>
namespace nachia{
template<unsigned int MOD>
struct PrimitiveRoot{
using u64 = unsigned long long;
static constexpr u64 powm(u64 a, u64 i) {
u64 res = 1, aa = a;
while(i){
if(i & 1) res = res * aa % MOD;
aa = aa * aa % MOD;
i /= 2;
}
return res;
}
static constexpr bool ExamineVal(unsigned int g){
unsigned int t = MOD - 1;
for(u64 d=2; d*d<=t; d++) if(t % d == 0){
if(powm(g, (MOD - 1) / d) == 1) return false;
while(t % d == 0) t /= d;
}
if(t != 1) if(powm(g, (MOD - 1) / t) == 1) return false;
return true;
}
static constexpr unsigned int GetVal(){
for(unsigned int x=2; x<MOD; x++) if(ExamineVal(x)) return x;
return 0;
}
static const unsigned int val = GetVal();
};
} // namespace nachia
namespace nachia{
template<class Modint>
class Comb{
private:
static constexpr int MOD = Modint::mod();
std::vector<Modint> F;
std::vector<Modint> iF;
public:
void extend(int newN){
int prevN = (int)F.size() - 1;
if(newN >= MOD) newN = MOD - 1;
if(prevN >= newN) return;
F.resize(newN+1);
iF.resize(newN+1);
for(int i=prevN+1; i<=newN; i++) F[i] = F[i-1] * Modint::raw(i);
iF[newN] = F[newN].inv();
for(int i=newN; i>prevN; i--) iF[i-1] = iF[i] * Modint::raw(i);
}
Comb(int n = 1){
F.assign(2, Modint(1));
iF.assign(2, Modint(1));
extend(n);
}
Modint factorial(int n) const { return F[n]; }
Modint invFactorial(int n) const { return iF[n]; }
Modint invOf(int n) const { return iF[n] * F[n-1]; }
Modint comb(int n, int r) const {
if(n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return Modint(0);
return F[n] * iF[r] * iF[n-r];
}
Modint invComb(int n, int r) const {
if(n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return Modint(0);
return iF[n] * F[r] * F[n-r];
}
Modint perm(int n, int r) const {
if(n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return Modint(0);
return F[n] * iF[n-r];
}
Modint invPerm(int n, int r) const {
if(n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return Modint(0);
return iF[n] * F[n-r];
}
Modint operator()(int n, int r) const { return comb(n,r); }
};
} // namespace nachia
namespace nachia{
int Popcount(unsigned long long c) noexcept {
#ifdef __GNUC__
return __builtin_popcountll(c);
#else
c = (c & (~0ull/3)) + ((c >> 1) & (~0ull/3));
c = (c & (~0ull/5)) + ((c >> 2) & (~0ull/5));
c = (c & (~0ull/17)) + ((c >> 4) & (~0ull/17));
c = (c * (~0ull/257)) >> 56;
return c;
#endif
}
// please ensure x != 0
int MsbIndex(unsigned long long x) noexcept {
#ifdef __GNUC__
return 63 - __builtin_clzll(x);
#else
using u64 = unsigned long long;
int q = (n >> 32) ? 32 : 0;
auto m = n >> q;
constexpr u64 hi = 0x8888'8888;
constexpr u64 mi = 0x1111'1111;
m = (((m | ~(hi - (m & ~hi))) & hi) * mi) >> 35;
m = (((m | ~(hi - (n & ~hi))) & hi) * mi) >> 31;
q += (m & 0xf) << 2;
q += 0x3333'3333'2222'1100 >> (((n >> q) & 0xf) << 2) & 0xf
return q;
#endif
}
// please ensure x != 0
int LsbIndex(unsigned long long x) noexcept {
#ifdef __GNUC__
return __builtin_ctzll(x);
#else
return MsbIndex(x & -x);
#endif
}
}
namespace nachia {
template<class mint>
struct NttInterface{
template<class Iter>
void Butterfly(Iter, int) const {}
template<class Iter>
void IButterfly(Iter, int) const {}
template<class Iter>
void BitReversal(Iter a, int N) const {
for(int i=0, j=0; j<N; j++){
if(i < j) std::swap(a[i], a[j]);
for(int k = N>>1; k > (i^=k); k>>=1);
}
}
};
} // namespace nachia
#include <iterator>
namespace nachia{
constexpr int bsf_constexpr(unsigned int n) {
int x = 0;
while (!(n & (1 << x))) x++;
return x;
}
template <class mint>
struct NttFromAcl : NttInterface<mint> {
using u32 = unsigned int;
using u64 = unsigned long long;
static int ceil_pow2(int n) {
int x = 0;
while ((1U << x) < (u32)(n)) x++;
return x;
}
struct fft_info {
static constexpr u32 g = nachia::PrimitiveRoot<mint::mod()>::val;
static constexpr int rank2 = bsf_constexpr(mint::mod()-1);
std::array<mint, rank2+1> root;
std::array<mint, rank2+1> iroot;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2-1)> rate2;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2-1)> irate2;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2-2)> rate3;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2-2)> irate3;
fft_info(){
root[rank2] = mint(g).pow((mint::mod() - 1) >> rank2);
iroot[rank2] = root[rank2].inv();
for(int i=rank2-1; i>=0; i--){
root[i] = root[i+1] * root[i+1];
iroot[i] = iroot[i+1] * iroot[i+1];
}
mint prod = 1, iprod = 1;
for(int i=0; i<=rank2-2; i++){
rate2[i] = root[i+2] * prod;
irate2[i] = iroot[i+2] * iprod;
prod *= iroot[i+2];
iprod *= root[i+2];
}
prod = 1; iprod = 1;
for(int i=0; i<=rank2-3; i++){
rate3[i] = root[i+3] * prod;
irate3[i] = iroot[i+3] * iprod;
prod *= iroot[i+3];
iprod *= root[i+3];
}
}
};
template<class RandomAccessIterator>
void Butterfly(RandomAccessIterator a, int n) const {
int h = ceil_pow2(n);
static const fft_info info;
int len = 0;
while(len < h){
if(h-len == 1){
int p = 1 << (h-len-1);
mint rot = 1;
for(int s=0; s<(1<<len); s++){
int offset = s << (h-len);
for(int i=0; i<p; i++){
auto l = a[i+offset];
auto r = a[i+offset+p] * rot;
a[i+offset] = l+r;
a[i+offset+p] = l-r;
}
if(s+1 != (1<<len)) rot *= info.rate2[LsbIndex(~(u32)(s))];
}
len++;
} else {
int p = 1 << (h-len-2);
mint rot = 1, imag = info.root[2];
for(int s=0; s<(1<<len); s++){
mint rot2 = rot * rot;
mint rot3 = rot2 * rot;
int offset = s << (h-len);
for(int i=0; i<p; i++){
auto mod2 = 1ULL * mint::mod() * mint::mod();
auto a0 = 1ULL * a[i+offset].val();
auto a1 = 1ULL * a[i+offset+p].val() * rot.val();
auto a2 = 1ULL * a[i+offset+2*p].val() * rot2.val();
auto a3 = 1ULL * a[i+offset+3*p].val() * rot3.val();
auto a1na3imag = 1ULL * mint(a1 + mod2 - a3).val() * imag.val();
auto na2 = mod2 - a2;
a[i+offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3;
a[i+offset+1*p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3));
a[i+offset+2*p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag;
a[i+offset+3*p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag);
}
if(s+1 != (1<<len)) rot *= info.rate3[LsbIndex(~(u32)(s))];
}
len += 2;
}
}
}
template<class RandomAccessIterator>
void IButterfly(RandomAccessIterator a, int n) const {
int h = ceil_pow2(n);
static const fft_info info;
constexpr int MOD = mint::mod();
int len = h;
while(len){
if(len == 1){
int p = 1 << (h-len);
mint irot = 1;
for(int s=0; s<(1<<(len-1)); s++){
int offset = s << (h-len+1);
for(int i=0; i<p; i++){
auto l = a[i+offset];
auto r = a[i+offset+p];
a[i+offset] = l+r;
a[i+offset+p] = (u64)(MOD + l.val() - r.val()) * irot.val();
}
if(s+1 != (1<<(len-1))) irot *= info.irate2[LsbIndex(~(u32)(s))];
}
len--;
} else {
int p = 1 << (h-len);
mint irot = 1, iimag = info.iroot[2];
for(int s=0; s<(1<<(len-2)); s++){
mint irot2 = irot * irot;
mint irot3 = irot2 * irot;
int offset = s << (h-len+2);
for(int i=0; i<p; i++){
auto a0 = 1ULL * a[i+offset+0*p].val();
auto a1 = 1ULL * a[i+offset+1*p].val();
auto a2 = 1ULL * a[i+offset+2*p].val();
auto a3 = 1ULL * a[i+offset+3*p].val();
auto a2na3iimag = 1ULL * mint((MOD + a2 - a3) * iimag.val()).val();
a[i+offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3;
a[i+offset+1*p] = (a0 + (MOD - a1) + a2na3iimag) * irot.val();
a[i+offset+2*p] = (a0 + a1 + (MOD - a2) + (MOD - a3)) * irot2.val();
a[i+offset+3*p] = (a0 + (MOD - a1) + (MOD - a2na3iimag)) * irot3.val();
}
if(s+1 != (1<<(len-2))) irot *= info.irate3[LsbIndex(~(u32)(s))];
}
len -= 2;
}
}
}
};
} // namespace nachia
namespace nachia {
template<class Elem, class NttInst = NttFromAcl<Elem>>
struct FpsNtt {
public:
using Fps = FpsNtt;
using ElemTy = Elem;
static constexpr unsigned int MOD = Elem::mod();
static constexpr int CONV_THRES = 30;
static const NttInst nttInst;
static const unsigned int zeta = nachia::PrimitiveRoot<MOD>::GetVal();
private:
using u32 = unsigned int;
static Elem ZeroElem() noexcept { return Elem(0); }
static Elem OneElem() noexcept { return Elem(1); }
static Comb<Elem> comb;
std::vector<Elem> a;
int RSZ(int& sz) const { return sz = (sz < 0 ? size() : sz); }
public:
int size() const noexcept { return a.size(); }
Elem& operator[](int x) noexcept { return a[x]; }
const Elem& operator[](int x) const noexcept { return a[x]; }
Elem getCoeff(int x) const noexcept { return (0 <= x && x < size()) ? a[x] : ZeroElem(); }
static Comb<Elem>& GetComb() { return comb; }
static int BestNttSize(int x) noexcept { assert(x); return 1 << MsbIndex(x*2-1); }
Fps move(){ return std::move(*this); }
Fps& set(int i, Elem c){ a[i] = c; return *this; }
Fps& removeLeadingZeros(){
int newsz = size();
while(newsz && a[newsz-1].val() == 0) newsz--;
a.resize(newsz);
if((int)a.capacity() / 4 > newsz) a.shrink_to_fit();
return *this;
}
FpsNtt(){}
FpsNtt(int sz) : a(sz, ZeroElem()) {}
FpsNtt(int sz, Elem e) : a(sz, e) {}
FpsNtt(std::vector<Elem>&& src) : a(std::move(src)) {}
FpsNtt(const std::vector<Elem>& src) : a(src) {}
Fps& ntt() {
capSize(BestNttSize(size()));
nttInst.Butterfly(a.begin(), size());
return *this;
}
Fps& intt() {
nttInst.IButterfly(a.begin(), a.size());
return times(Elem::raw(size()).inv());
}
Fps nttDouble(Fps vanilla) const {
int n = size();
assert(n == (n&-n)); // n is a power of 2
Elem q = Elem::raw(zeta).pow((Elem::mod() - 1) / (n*2));
Elem qq = OneElem();
for(int i=0; i<n; i++){ vanilla[i] *= qq; qq *= q; }
vanilla.ntt();
Fps res = clip(0, n*2);
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) res[n+i] = vanilla[i];
return res;
}
Fps nttDouble() const { return nttDouble(clip().intt().move()); }
// Fps res(resSz);
// for(int j=0; j<resSz-destL && j+srcL < srcR; j++) res[j+destL] = a.getCoeff(j+srcL)
// if srcR is unspecified -> srcR = max(srcL, size());
// if resSz is unspecified -> resSz = destL + srcR - srcL
Fps clip(int srcL, int srcR = -1, int destL = 0, int resSz = -1) const {
srcR = RSZ(srcR);
if(resSz < 0) resSz = destL + srcR - srcL;
int rj = std::min(std::min(srcR, size()) - srcL, resSz - destL);
Fps res(resSz);
for(int j=std::max(0, -srcL); j<rj; j++) res[j+destL] = a[j+srcL];
return res;
}
Fps clip() const { return *this; }
Fps& capSize(int l, int r) {
if(r <= (int)size()) a.resize(r);
if(size() <= l) a.resize(l, ZeroElem());
return *this;
}
Fps& capSize(int z){ a.resize(RSZ(z), ZeroElem()); return *this; }
Fps& times(Elem x){ for(int i=0; i<size(); i++){ a[i] *= x; } return *this; }
Fps& timesFactorial(int z = -1){ comb.extend(RSZ(z)); for(int i=0; i<z; i++){ a[i] *= comb.factorial(i); } return *this; }
Fps& timesInvFactorial(int z = -1){ comb.extend(RSZ(z)); for(int i=0; i<z; i++){ a[i] *= comb.invFactorial(i); } return *this; }
Fps& clrRange(int l, int r){ for(int i=l; i<r; i++){ a[i] = ZeroElem(); } return *this; }
Fps& negate(){ for(auto& e : a){ e = -e; } return *this; }
Fps& mulEach(const Fps& other, int maxi = -1){
maxi = std::min(RSZ(maxi), std::min(size(), other.size()));
for(int i=0; i<maxi; i++) a[i] *= other[i];
return *this;
}
Fps& reverse(int sz = -1){ RSZ(sz); std::reverse(a.begin(), a.begin() + sz); return *this; }
static Fps convolution(const Fps& a, const Fps& b, int sz = -1){
if(std::min(a.size(), b.size()) <= CONV_THRES){
if(a.size() > b.size()) return convolution(b, a, sz);
if(sz < 0) sz = std::max(0, a.size() + b.size() - 1);
std::vector<Elem> res(sz);
for(int i=0; i<a.size(); i++) for(int j=0; j<b.size() && i+j<sz; j++) res[i+j] += a[i] * b[j];
return res;
}
int Z = BestNttSize(a.size() + b.size() - 1);
return a.clip(0, Z).ntt().mulEach(b.clip(0, Z).ntt()).intt().capSize(sz).move();
}
Fps convolve(const Fps& r, int sz = -1) const { return convolution(*this, r, sz); }
// 1
// ----- = 1 + f + f^2 + f^3 + ...
// 1-f
Fps powerSum(int sz) const {
RSZ(sz);
if(sz == 0) return {};
int q = std::min(sz, 32);
Fps x = Fps(q).set(0, OneElem()).move();
for(int i=1; i<q; i++) for(int j=1; j<=std::min(i,(int)a.size()-1); j++) x[i] += x[i-j] * a[j];
while(x.size() < sz){
int hN = x.size(), N = hN*2;
Fps a = x.clip(0, N).ntt().move();
Fps b = clip(0, N).ntt().mulEach(a).intt().clrRange(0,hN).ntt().mulEach(a).intt().move();
for(int i=0; i<hN; i++) b[i] = x[i];
std::swap(b, x);
}
return x.capSize(sz).move();
}
Fps inv(int sz = -1) const {
RSZ(sz);
Elem iA0 = a[0].inv();
return clip(0, std::min(sz, size())).times(-iA0).set(0, ZeroElem()).powerSum(sz).times(iA0).move();
}
Fps& difference(){
if(size() == 0) return *this;
for(int i=0; i+1<size(); i++) a[i] = a[i+1] * Elem::raw(i+1);
return capSize(size()-1);
}
Fps& integral(){
if(size() == 0) return capSize(1);
capSize(size()+1);
comb.extend(size());
for(int i=size()-1; i>=1; i--) a[i] = a[i-1] * comb.invOf(i);
return set(0, ZeroElem());
}
Fps& EgfToOgf(){
comb.extend(size());
for(int i=0; i<size(); i++) a[i] *= comb.factorial(i);
return *this;
}
Fps& OgfToEgf(){
comb.extend(size());
for(int i=0; i<size(); i++) a[i] *= comb.invFactorial(i);
return *this;
}
Fps log(int sz = -1){
RSZ(sz);
assert(sz != 0);
assert(a[0].val() == 1);
return convolution(inv(sz), clip().difference(), sz-1).integral();
}
Fps exp(int sz = -1){
RSZ(sz);
Fps res = Fps(1).set(0, OneElem());
while(res.size() < sz){
auto z = res.size();
auto tmp = res.capSize(z*2).log().set(0, -OneElem()).move();
for(int i=0; i<z*2 && i<size(); i++) tmp[i] -= a[i];
auto resntt = res.clip().ntt().mulEach(tmp.ntt()).intt().move();
for(int i=z; i<z*2; i++) res[i] = -resntt[i];
}
return res.capSize(0, sz).move();
}
Fps pow(unsigned long long k, int sz = -1){
int n = RSZ(sz);
if(k == 0) return Fps(n).set(0, OneElem()).move();
int ctz = 0;
while(ctz<n && a[ctz].val() == 0) ctz++;
if((unsigned long long)ctz >= (n-1) / k + 1) return Fps(n);
Elem a0 = a[ctz];
return clip(ctz, ctz+n-ctz*k).times(a0.inv()).log().times(Elem(k)).exp().times(a0.pow(k)).clip(0, -1, ctz*k);
}
auto begin(){ return a.begin(); }
auto end(){ return a.end(); }
auto begin() const { return a.begin(); }
auto end() const { return a.end(); }
std::string toString(std::string beg = "[ ", std::string delim = " ", std::string en = " ]") const {
std::string res = beg;
bool f = false;
for(auto x : a){ if(f){ res += delim; } f = true; res += std::to_string(x.val()); }
res += en;
return res;
}
std::vector<Elem> getVectorMoved(){ return std::move(a); }
Fps& operator+=(const Fps& r){
capSize(std::max(size(), r.size()));
for(int i=0; i<r.size(); i++) a[i] += r[i];
return *this;
}
Fps& operator-=(const Fps& r){
capSize(std::max(size(), r.size()));
for(int i=0; i<r.size(); i++) a[i] -= r[i];
return *this;
}
Fps operator+(const Fps& r) const { return (clip(0, std::max(size(), r.size())) += r).move(); }
Fps operator-(const Fps& r) const { return (clip(0, std::max(size(), r.size())) -= r).move(); }
Fps operator-() const { return (clip().negate()).move(); }
Fps operator*(const Fps& r) const { return convolve(r).removeLeadingZeros().move(); }
Fps& operator*=(const Fps& r){ return (*this) = operator*(r); }
Fps& operator*=(Elem m){ return times(m); }
Fps operator*(Elem m) const { return (clip() *= m).move(); }
Elem eval(Elem x) const {
Elem res = 0;
for(int i=size()-1; i>=0; i--) res = res * x + a[i];
return res;
}
};
template<class Elem, class NttInst> Comb<Elem> FpsNtt<Elem, NttInst>::comb;
template<class Elem, class NttInst> const NttInst FpsNtt<Elem, NttInst>::nttInst;
} // namespace nachia
namespace nachia{
template<class Fps>
class FpsNttSetupManager {
using ElemTy = typename Fps::ElemTy;
using MyType = FpsNttSetupManager;
Fps raw;
mutable Fps ntt;
static const int THRESH = 30;
FpsNttSetupManager(Fps _raw) : raw(_raw.move()) , ntt() {}
public:
FpsNttSetupManager() : FpsNttSetupManager(Fps()) {}
FpsNttSetupManager(Fps _raw, Fps _ntt) : raw(_raw.move()) , ntt(_ntt.move()) {}
const Fps& getRaw() const { return raw; }
int size() const { return raw.size(); }
int Least(){ return Fps::BestNttSize(raw.size()); }
static MyType FromRaw(Fps _raw){ return FpsNttSetupManager(_raw.move()); }
static MyType FromNtt(Fps _ntt){
Fps x = _ntt.clip();
return MyType(x.intt().removeLeadingZeros().move(), _ntt.move());
}
void doubling() const {
if(ntt.size() == 0) ntt = raw.clip(0, Fps::BestNttSize(raw.size())).ntt().move();
else ntt = ntt.nttDouble(raw.clip(0, ntt.size()));
}
Fps& ensureNtt(int sz) const {
if(sz / 8 >= ntt.size()) ntt = raw.clip(0, sz).ntt().move();
while(ntt.size() < sz) doubling();
return ntt;
}
Fps nttClip(int sz) const { return ensureNtt(sz).clip(0,sz); }
std::pair<Fps, Fps> destruct(){ return std::make_pair(raw.move(), ntt.move()); }
MyType operator+(const MyType& r) const {
Fps nntt;
int z1 = std::min(ntt.size(), r.ntt.size());
if(z1 >= std::max(size(), r.size())){
nntt.capSize(std::min(ntt.size(), r.ntt.size()));
for(int i=0; i<nntt.size(); i++) nntt[i] = ntt[i] + r.ntt[i];
}
return FpsNttSetupManager(raw + r.raw, nntt.move());
}
MyType operator*(const MyType& r) const {
if(std::min(size(), r.size()) <= THRESH) return FromRaw(raw * r.raw);
int sz = Fps::BestNttSize(size() + r.size() - 1);
return FromNtt(nttClip(sz).mulEach(r.ensureNtt(sz)).move());
}
};
} // namespace nachia
namespace nachia{
template<class Fps>
Fps ProductOfManyPolynomials(std::vector<Fps> poly){
using Modint = typename Fps::ElemTy;
using Fps2 = FpsNttSetupManager<Fps>;
if(poly.empty()) return std::vector<Modint>{Modint(1)};
for(auto& p : poly) p.removeLeadingZeros();
for(auto& p : poly) if(p.size() == 0) return Fps();
std::vector<Fps2> poly2;
for(auto& p : poly) poly2.push_back(Fps2::FromRaw(p.move()));
int OFF_K = 16;
for(int K=OFF_K; poly2.size() != 1; K*=2){
size_t pos = poly2.size();
for(size_t i=0; i<poly2.size(); i++) if(poly2[i].size() <= K){
if(pos == poly2.size() || poly2[pos].size() + poly2[i].size() - 1 > K){ pos = i; continue; }
poly2[pos] = poly2[pos] * poly2[i];
std::swap(poly2[i--], poly2.back());
poly2.pop_back();
}
}
return poly2[0].destruct().first.move();
}
// sum_{a in F} a^k for 0 <= k <= maxIdx
template<class Modint>
std::vector<Modint> SumOfPower(std::vector<Modint> F, int maxIdx){
using Fps = nachia::FpsNtt<Modint>;
std::vector<Fps> polys(F.size());
for(std::size_t i=0; i<F.size(); i++){
polys[i] = Fps(2).set(0,1).set(1,-F[i]).move();
}
Fps a = nachia::ProductOfManyPolynomials<Fps>(polys).log(maxIdx+1);
for(int i=0; i<=maxIdx; i++) a[i] *= -Modint::raw(i);
a[0] = F.size();
return a.getVectorMoved();
}
} // namespace nachia
using Fps = nachia::FpsNtt<Modint>;
void testcase(){
int N; cin >> N;
vector<int> A(N);
rep(i,N) cin >> A[i];
Modint f = 1, ff = 1;
for(int i=1; i<N; i++){ ff *= (f *= i); }
vector<Modint> points(N);
rep(i,N) points[i] = A[i] + i;
vector<Fps> polys(N);
rep(i,N) polys[i] = Fps(2).set(0,-points[i]).set(1,1).move();
auto multieval = nachia::MultipointEvaluation(nachia::ProductOfManyPolynomials(move(polys)).difference(), points);
Modint q = 1;
rep(i,N) q *= multieval[i];
if(N%2 == 1 && (N-1)/2%2 == 1) q = -q;
q /= ff * ff;
cout << q.val() << endl;
}
int main(){
ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr);
#ifdef NACHIA
int T; cin >> T; for(int t=0; t<T; T!=++t?(cout<<'\n'),0:0)
#endif
testcase();
return 0;
}