結果
| 問題 | No.1302 Random Tree Score |
| ユーザー |
 AC2K
|
| 提出日時 | 2024-01-22 17:31:55 |
| 言語 | C++23 (gcc 12.3.0 + boost 1.83.0) |
| 結果 |
AC
|
| 実行時間 | 28 ms / 3,000 ms |
| コード長 | 41,741 bytes |
| コンパイル時間 | 4,119 ms |
| コンパイル使用メモリ | 278,640 KB |
| 実行使用メモリ | 5,376 KB |
| 最終ジャッジ日時 | 2024-09-28 06:26:49 |
| 合計ジャッジ時間 | 5,230 ms |
|
ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報） |
judge4 / judge1 |
（要ログイン）
テストケース
テストケース表示| 入力 | 結果 | 実行時間 実行使用メモリ |
|---|---|---|
| testcase_00 | AC | 5 ms
5,248 KB |
| testcase_01 | AC | 5 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_02 | AC | 12 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_03 | AC | 17 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_04 | AC | 11 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_05 | AC | 26 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_06 | AC | 27 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_07 | AC | 11 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_08 | AC | 20 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_09 | AC | 28 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_10 | AC | 20 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_11 | AC | 9 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_12 | AC | 24 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_13 | AC | 5 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_14 | AC | 28 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_15 | AC | 28 ms
5,376 KB |
| testcase_16 | AC | 5 ms
5,376 KB |
ソースコード
#line 2 "Library/src/FormalPowerSeries/FPS.hpp"
#include <vector>
#line 1 "Library/src/atcoder/convolution.hpp"
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <type_traits>
#line 9 "Library/src/atcoder/convolution.hpp"
#line 1 "Library/src/atcoder/internal_bit.hpp"
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
#include <bit>
#endif
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
using std::bit_ceil;
#else
// @return same with std::bit::bit_ceil
unsigned int bit_ceil(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int x = 1;
while (x < (unsigned int)(n)) x *= 2;
return x;
}
#endif
// @param n `1 <= n`
// @return same with std::bit::countr_zero
int countr_zero(unsigned int n) {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
unsigned long index;
_BitScanForward(&index, n);
return index;
#else
return __builtin_ctz(n);
#endif
}
// @param n `1 <= n`
// @return same with std::bit::countr_zero
constexpr int countr_zero_constexpr(unsigned int n) {
int x = 0;
while (!(n & (1 << x))) x++;
return x;
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#line 1 "Library/src/atcoder/modint.hpp"
#line 5 "Library/src/atcoder/modint.hpp"
#include <numeric>
#line 7 "Library/src/atcoder/modint.hpp"
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
#line 1 "Library/src/atcoder/internal_math.hpp"
#include <utility>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
// @param m `1 <= m`
// @return x mod m
constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) {
x %= m;
if (x < 0) x += m;
return x;
}
// Fast modular multiplication by barrett reduction
// Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett_reduction
// NOTE: reconsider after Ice Lake
struct barrett {
unsigned int _m;
unsigned long long im;
// @param m `1 <= m`
explicit barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1) {}
// @return m
unsigned int umod() const { return _m; }
// @param a `0 <= a < m`
// @param b `0 <= b < m`
// @return `a * b % m`
unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b) const {
// [1] m = 1
// a = b = im = 0, so okay
// [2] m >= 2
// im = ceil(2^64 / m)
// -> im * m = 2^64 + r (0 <= r < m)
// let z = a*b = c*m + d (0 <= c, d < m)
// a*b * im = (c*m + d) * im = c*(im*m) + d*im = c*2^64 + c*r + d*im
// c*r + d*im < m * m + m * im < m * m + 2^64 + m <= 2^64 + m * (m + 1) < 2^64 * 2
// ((ab * im) >> 64) == c or c + 1
unsigned long long z = a;
z *= b;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
unsigned long long x;
_umul128(z, im, &x);
#else
unsigned long long x =
(unsigned long long)(((unsigned __int128)(z)*im) >> 64);
#endif
unsigned long long y = x * _m;
return (unsigned int)(z - y + (z < y ? _m : 0));
}
};
// @param n `0 <= n`
// @param m `1 <= m`
// @return `(x ** n) % m`
constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m) {
if (m == 1) return 0;
unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m);
unsigned long long r = 1;
unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m);
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m;
y = (y * y) % _m;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
// Reference:
// M. Forisek and J. Jancina,
// Fast Primality Testing for Integers That Fit into a Machine Word
// @param n `0 <= n`
constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return false;
if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true;
if (n % 2 == 0) return false;
long long d = n - 1;
while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2;
constexpr long long bases[3] = {2, 7, 61};
for (long long a : bases) {
long long t = d;
long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n);
while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) {
y = y * y % n;
t <<= 1;
}
if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
template <int n> constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n);
// @param b `1 <= b`
// @return pair(g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), xa = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b/g
constexpr std::pair<long long, long long> inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) {
a = safe_mod(a, b);
if (a == 0) return {b, 0};
// Contracts:
// [1] s - m0 * a = 0 (mod b)
// [2] t - m1 * a = 0 (mod b)
// [3] s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b
long long s = b, t = a;
long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1;
while (t) {
long long u = s / t;
s -= t * u;
m0 -= m1 * u; // |m1 * u| <= |m1| * s <= b
// [3]:
// (s - t * u) * |m1| + t * |m0 - m1 * u|
// <= s * |m1| - t * u * |m1| + t * (|m0| + |m1| * u)
// = s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b
auto tmp = s;
s = t;
t = tmp;
tmp = m0;
m0 = m1;
m1 = tmp;
}
// by [3]: |m0| <= b/g
// by g != b: |m0| < b/g
if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s;
return {s, m0};
}
// Compile time primitive root
// @param m must be prime
// @return primitive root (and minimum in now)
constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) {
if (m == 2) return 1;
if (m == 167772161) return 3;
if (m == 469762049) return 3;
if (m == 754974721) return 11;
if (m == 998244353) return 3;
int divs[20] = {};
divs[0] = 2;
int cnt = 1;
int x = (m - 1) / 2;
while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2;
for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) {
if (x % i == 0) {
divs[cnt++] = i;
while (x % i == 0) {
x /= i;
}
}
}
if (x > 1) {
divs[cnt++] = x;
}
for (int g = 2;; g++) {
bool ok = true;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) {
ok = false;
break;
}
}
if (ok) return g;
}
}
template <int m> constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m);
// @param n `n < 2^32`
// @param m `1 <= m < 2^32`
// @return sum_{i=0}^{n-1} floor((ai + b) / m) (mod 2^64)
unsigned long long floor_sum_unsigned(unsigned long long n,
unsigned long long m,
unsigned long long a,
unsigned long long b) {
unsigned long long ans = 0;
while (true) {
if (a >= m) {
ans += n * (n - 1) / 2 * (a / m);
a %= m;
}
if (b >= m) {
ans += n * (b / m);
b %= m;
}
unsigned long long y_max = a * n + b;
if (y_max < m) break;
// y_max < m * (n + 1)
// floor(y_max / m) <= n
n = (unsigned long long)(y_max / m);
b = (unsigned long long)(y_max % m);
std::swap(m, a);
}
return ans;
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#line 1 "Library/src/atcoder/internal_type_traits.hpp"
#line 7 "Library/src/atcoder/internal_type_traits.hpp"
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
#ifndef _MSC_VER
template <class T>
using is_signed_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value ||
std::is_same<T, __int128>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __uint128_t>::value ||
std::is_same<T, unsigned __int128>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using make_unsigned_int128 =
typename std::conditional<std::is_same<T, __int128_t>::value,
__uint128_t,
unsigned __int128>;
template <class T>
using is_integral = typename std::conditional<std::is_integral<T>::value ||
is_signed_int128<T>::value ||
is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_signed<T>::value) ||
is_signed_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
typename std::conditional<(is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_unsigned<T>::value) ||
is_unsigned_int128<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<
is_signed_int128<T>::value,
make_unsigned_int128<T>,
typename std::conditional<std::is_signed<T>::value,
std::make_unsigned<T>,
std::common_type<T>>::type>::type;
#else
template <class T> using is_integral = typename std::is_integral<T>;
template <class T>
using is_signed_int =
typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value && std::is_signed<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int =
typename std::conditional<is_integral<T>::value &&
std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>::type;
template <class T>
using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional<is_signed_int<T>::value,
std::make_unsigned<T>,
std::common_type<T>>::type;
#endif
template <class T>
using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_signed_int<T>::value>;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t<is_unsigned_int<T>::value>;
template <class T> using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned<T>::type;
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#line 14 "Library/src/atcoder/modint.hpp"
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
struct modint_base {};
struct static_modint_base : modint_base {};
template <class T> using is_modint = std::is_base_of<modint_base, T>;
template <class T> using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_modint<T>::value>;
} // namespace internal
template <int m, std::enable_if_t<(1 <= m)>* = nullptr>
struct static_modint : internal::static_modint_base {
using mint = static_modint;
public:
static constexpr int mod() { return m; }
static mint raw(int v) {
mint x;
x._v = v;
return x;
}
static_modint() : _v(0) {}
template <class T, internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
static_modint(T v) {
long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod()));
if (x < 0) x += umod();
_v = (unsigned int)(x);
}
template <class T, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
static_modint(T v) {
_v = (unsigned int)(v % umod());
}
unsigned int val() const { return _v; }
mint& operator++() {
_v++;
if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
return *this;
}
mint& operator--() {
if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
_v--;
return *this;
}
mint operator++(int) {
mint result = *this;
++*this;
return result;
}
mint operator--(int) {
mint result = *this;
--*this;
return result;
}
mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
_v -= rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
unsigned long long z = _v;
z *= rhs._v;
_v = (unsigned int)(z % umod());
return *this;
}
mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); }
mint operator+() const { return *this; }
mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; }
mint pow(long long n) const {
assert(0 <= n);
mint x = *this, r = 1;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r *= x;
x *= x;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
mint inv() const {
if (prime) {
assert(_v);
return pow(umod() - 2);
} else {
auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, m);
assert(eg.first == 1);
return eg.second;
}
}
friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) += rhs;
}
friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
}
friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
}
friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
}
friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v == rhs._v;
}
friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v != rhs._v;
}
private:
unsigned int _v;
static constexpr unsigned int umod() { return m; }
static constexpr bool prime = internal::is_prime<m>;
};
template <int id> struct dynamic_modint : internal::modint_base {
using mint = dynamic_modint;
public:
static int mod() { return (int)(bt.umod()); }
static void set_mod(int m) {
assert(1 <= m);
bt = internal::barrett(m);
}
static mint raw(int v) {
mint x;
x._v = v;
return x;
}
dynamic_modint() : _v(0) {}
template <class T, internal::is_signed_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
dynamic_modint(T v) {
long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(mod()));
if (x < 0) x += mod();
_v = (unsigned int)(x);
}
template <class T, internal::is_unsigned_int_t<T>* = nullptr>
dynamic_modint(T v) {
_v = (unsigned int)(v % mod());
}
unsigned int val() const { return _v; }
mint& operator++() {
_v++;
if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;
return *this;
}
mint& operator--() {
if (_v == 0) _v = umod();
_v--;
return *this;
}
mint operator++(int) {
mint result = *this;
++*this;
return result;
}
mint operator--(int) {
mint result = *this;
--*this;
return result;
}
mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
_v += mod() - rhs._v;
if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();
return *this;
}
mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
_v = bt.mul(_v, rhs._v);
return *this;
}
mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); }
mint operator+() const { return *this; }
mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; }
mint pow(long long n) const {
assert(0 <= n);
mint x = *this, r = 1;
while (n) {
if (n & 1) r *= x;
x *= x;
n >>= 1;
}
return r;
}
mint inv() const {
auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, mod());
assert(eg.first == 1);
return eg.second;
}
friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) += rhs;
}
friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) -= rhs;
}
friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) *= rhs;
}
friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return mint(lhs) /= rhs;
}
friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v == rhs._v;
}
friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {
return lhs._v != rhs._v;
}
private:
unsigned int _v;
static internal::barrett bt;
static unsigned int umod() { return bt.umod(); }
};
template <int id> internal::barrett dynamic_modint<id>::bt(998244353);
using modint998244353 = static_modint<998244353>;
using modint1000000007 = static_modint<1000000007>;
using modint = dynamic_modint<-1>;
namespace internal {
template <class T>
using is_static_modint = std::is_base_of<internal::static_modint_base, T>;
template <class T>
using is_static_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_static_modint<T>::value>;
template <class> struct is_dynamic_modint : public std::false_type {};
template <int id>
struct is_dynamic_modint<dynamic_modint<id>> : public std::true_type {};
template <class T>
using is_dynamic_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_dynamic_modint<T>::value>;
} // namespace internal
} // namespace atcoder
#line 12 "Library/src/atcoder/convolution.hpp"
namespace atcoder {
namespace internal {
template <class mint,
int g = internal::primitive_root<mint::mod()>,
internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
struct fft_info {
static constexpr int rank2 = countr_zero_constexpr(mint::mod() - 1);
std::array<mint, rank2 + 1> root; // root[i]^(2^i) == 1
std::array<mint, rank2 + 1> iroot; // root[i] * iroot[i] == 1
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2 - 2 + 1)> rate2;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2 - 2 + 1)> irate2;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2 - 3 + 1)> rate3;
std::array<mint, std::max(0, rank2 - 3 + 1)> irate3;
fft_info() {
root[rank2] = mint(g).pow((mint::mod() - 1) >> rank2);
iroot[rank2] = root[rank2].inv();
for (int i = rank2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1];
iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1];
}
{
mint prod = 1, iprod = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) {
rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod;
irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod;
prod *= iroot[i + 2];
iprod *= root[i + 2];
}
}
{
mint prod = 1, iprod = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) {
rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod;
irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod;
prod *= iroot[i + 3];
iprod *= root[i + 3];
}
}
}
};
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
void butterfly(std::vector<mint>& a) {
int n = int(a.size());
int h = internal::countr_zero((unsigned int)n);
static const fft_info<mint> info;
int len = 0; // a[i, i+(n>>len), i+2*(n>>len), ..] is transformed
while (len < h) {
if (h - len == 1) {
int p = 1 << (h - len - 1);
mint rot = 1;
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) {
int offset = s << (h - len);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
auto l = a[i + offset];
auto r = a[i + offset + p] * rot;
a[i + offset] = l + r;
a[i + offset + p] = l - r;
}
if (s + 1 != (1 << len))
rot *= info.rate2[countr_zero(~(unsigned int)(s))];
}
len++;
} else {
// 4-base
int p = 1 << (h - len - 2);
mint rot = 1, imag = info.root[2];
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) {
mint rot2 = rot * rot;
mint rot3 = rot2 * rot;
int offset = s << (h - len);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
auto mod2 = 1ULL * mint::mod() * mint::mod();
auto a0 = 1ULL * a[i + offset].val();
auto a1 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + p].val() * rot.val();
auto a2 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 2 * p].val() * rot2.val();
auto a3 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 3 * p].val() * rot3.val();
auto a1na3imag =
1ULL * mint(a1 + mod2 - a3).val() * imag.val();
auto na2 = mod2 - a2;
a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3;
a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3));
a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag;
a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag);
}
if (s + 1 != (1 << len))
rot *= info.rate3[countr_zero(~(unsigned int)(s))];
}
len += 2;
}
}
}
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
void butterfly_inv(std::vector<mint>& a) {
int n = int(a.size());
int h = internal::countr_zero((unsigned int)n);
static const fft_info<mint> info;
int len = h; // a[i, i+(n>>len), i+2*(n>>len), ..] is transformed
while (len) {
if (len == 1) {
int p = 1 << (h - len);
mint irot = 1;
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << (len - 1)); s++) {
int offset = s << (h - len + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
auto l = a[i + offset];
auto r = a[i + offset + p];
a[i + offset] = l + r;
a[i + offset + p] =
(unsigned long long)(mint::mod() + l.val() - r.val()) *
irot.val();
;
}
if (s + 1 != (1 << (len - 1)))
irot *= info.irate2[countr_zero(~(unsigned int)(s))];
}
len--;
} else {
// 4-base
int p = 1 << (h - len);
mint irot = 1, iimag = info.iroot[2];
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << (len - 2)); s++) {
mint irot2 = irot * irot;
mint irot3 = irot2 * irot;
int offset = s << (h - len + 2);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
auto a0 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 0 * p].val();
auto a1 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 1 * p].val();
auto a2 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 2 * p].val();
auto a3 = 1ULL * a[i + offset + 3 * p].val();
auto a2na3iimag =
1ULL *
mint((mint::mod() + a2 - a3) * iimag.val()).val();
a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3;
a[i + offset + 1 * p] =
(a0 + (mint::mod() - a1) + a2na3iimag) * irot.val();
a[i + offset + 2 * p] =
(a0 + a1 + (mint::mod() - a2) + (mint::mod() - a3)) *
irot2.val();
a[i + offset + 3 * p] =
(a0 + (mint::mod() - a1) + (mint::mod() - a2na3iimag)) *
irot3.val();
}
if (s + 1 != (1 << (len - 2)))
irot *= info.irate3[countr_zero(~(unsigned int)(s))];
}
len -= 2;
}
}
}
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
std::vector<mint> convolution_naive(const std::vector<mint>& a,
const std::vector<mint>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
std::vector<mint> ans(n + m - 1);
if (n < m) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
}
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
}
}
}
return ans;
}
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
std::vector<mint> convolution_fft(std::vector<mint> a, std::vector<mint> b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
int z = (int)internal::bit_ceil((unsigned int)(n + m - 1));
a.resize(z);
internal::butterfly(a);
b.resize(z);
internal::butterfly(b);
for (int i = 0; i < z; i++) {
a[i] *= b[i];
}
internal::butterfly_inv(a);
a.resize(n + m - 1);
mint iz = mint(z).inv();
for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) a[i] *= iz;
return a;
}
} // namespace internal
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
std::vector<mint> convolution(std::vector<mint>&& a, std::vector<mint>&& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (!n || !m) return {};
int z = (int)internal::bit_ceil((unsigned int)(n + m - 1));
assert((mint::mod() - 1) % z == 0);
if (std::min(n, m) <= 60) return convolution_naive(a, b);
return internal::convolution_fft(a, b);
}
template <class mint, internal::is_static_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
std::vector<mint> convolution(const std::vector<mint>& a,
const std::vector<mint>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (!n || !m) return {};
int z = (int)internal::bit_ceil((unsigned int)(n + m - 1));
assert((mint::mod() - 1) % z == 0);
if (std::min(n, m) <= 60) return convolution_naive(a, b);
return internal::convolution_fft(a, b);
}
template <unsigned int mod = 998244353,
class T,
std::enable_if_t<internal::is_integral<T>::value>* = nullptr>
std::vector<T> convolution(const std::vector<T>& a, const std::vector<T>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (!n || !m) return {};
using mint = static_modint<mod>;
int z = (int)internal::bit_ceil((unsigned int)(n + m - 1));
assert((mint::mod() - 1) % z == 0);
std::vector<mint> a2(n), b2(m);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
a2[i] = mint(a[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
b2[i] = mint(b[i]);
}
auto c2 = convolution(std::move(a2), std::move(b2));
std::vector<T> c(n + m - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) {
c[i] = c2[i].val();
}
return c;
}
std::vector<long long> convolution_ll(const std::vector<long long>& a,
const std::vector<long long>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (!n || !m) return {};
static constexpr unsigned long long MOD1 = 754974721; // 2^24
static constexpr unsigned long long MOD2 = 167772161; // 2^25
static constexpr unsigned long long MOD3 = 469762049; // 2^26
static constexpr unsigned long long M2M3 = MOD2 * MOD3;
static constexpr unsigned long long M1M3 = MOD1 * MOD3;
static constexpr unsigned long long M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2;
static constexpr unsigned long long M1M2M3 = MOD1 * MOD2 * MOD3;
static constexpr unsigned long long i1 =
internal::inv_gcd(MOD2 * MOD3, MOD1).second;
static constexpr unsigned long long i2 =
internal::inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD3, MOD2).second;
static constexpr unsigned long long i3 =
internal::inv_gcd(MOD1 * MOD2, MOD3).second;
static constexpr int MAX_AB_BIT = 24;
static_assert(MOD1 % (1ull << MAX_AB_BIT) == 1, "MOD1 isn't enough to support an array length of 2^24.");
static_assert(MOD2 % (1ull << MAX_AB_BIT) == 1, "MOD2 isn't enough to support an array length of 2^24.");
static_assert(MOD3 % (1ull << MAX_AB_BIT) == 1, "MOD3 isn't enough to support an array length of 2^24.");
assert(n + m - 1 <= (1 << MAX_AB_BIT));
auto c1 = convolution<MOD1>(a, b);
auto c2 = convolution<MOD2>(a, b);
auto c3 = convolution<MOD3>(a, b);
std::vector<long long> c(n + m - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) {
unsigned long long x = 0;
x += (c1[i] * i1) % MOD1 * M2M3;
x += (c2[i] * i2) % MOD2 * M1M3;
x += (c3[i] * i3) % MOD3 * M1M2;
// B = 2^63, -B <= x, r(real value) < B
// (x, x - M, x - 2M, or x - 3M) = r (mod 2B)
// r = c1[i] (mod MOD1)
// focus on MOD1
// r = x, x - M', x - 2M', x - 3M' (M' = M % 2^64) (mod 2B)
// r = x,
// x - M' + (0 or 2B),
// x - 2M' + (0, 2B or 4B),
// x - 3M' + (0, 2B, 4B or 6B) (without mod!)
// (r - x) = 0, (0)
// - M' + (0 or 2B), (1)
// -2M' + (0 or 2B or 4B), (2)
// -3M' + (0 or 2B or 4B or 6B) (3) (mod MOD1)
// we checked that
// ((1) mod MOD1) mod 5 = 2
// ((2) mod MOD1) mod 5 = 3
// ((3) mod MOD1) mod 5 = 4
long long diff =
c1[i] - internal::safe_mod((long long)(x), (long long)(MOD1));
if (diff < 0) diff += MOD1;
static constexpr unsigned long long offset[5] = {
0, 0, M1M2M3, 2 * M1M2M3, 3 * M1M2M3};
x -= offset[diff % 5];
c[i] = x;
}
return c;
}
} // namespace atcoder
#line 4 "Library/src/FormalPowerSeries/FPS.hpp"
namespace kyopro{
template <typename mint, atcoder::internal::is_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr>
struct FormalPowerSeries : public std::vector<mint> {
using std::vector<mint>::vector;
using FPS = FormalPowerSeries<mint>;
void expand(size_t sz) {
if (this->size() < sz) this->resize(sz);
}
void shrink() {
while (!(*this).empty() && (*this).back().val() == 0) (*this).pop_back();
}
FPS pref(size_t sz) const {
FPS g((*this).begin(), (*this).begin() + std::min(sz, this->size()));
g.expand(sz);
return g;
}
FPS& operator+=(const FPS& rhs) {
expand(rhs.size());
for (int i = 0; i < (int)rhs.size(); ++i) (*this)[i] += rhs[i];
return (*this);
}
FPS& operator-=(const FPS& rhs) {
expand(rhs.size());
for (int i = 0; i < (int)rhs.size(); ++i) (*this)[i] -= rhs[i];
return (*this);
}
FPS& operator*=(const FPS& rhs) {
shrink();
std::vector res = atcoder::convolution<mint>(*this, rhs);
(*this) = {res.begin(), res.end()};
return (*this);
}
FPS& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {
expand(1);
(*this)[0] += rhs;
return (*this);
}
FPS& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {
expand(1);
(*this)[0] -= rhs;
return (*this);
}
FPS& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {
for (int i = 0; i < (int)this->size(); ++i) {
(*this)[i] *= rhs;
}
return (*this);
}
FPS& operator/=(const mint& rhs) {
const mint invr = rhs.inv();
for (int i = 0; i < (int)this->size(); ++i) {
(*this)[i] *= invr;
}
return (*this);
}
FPS operator+(const FPS& rhs) const { return FPS(*this) += rhs; }
FPS operator-(const FPS& rhs) const { return FPS(*this) -= rhs; }
FPS operator*(const FPS& rhs) const { return FPS(*this) *= rhs; }
FPS operator+(const mint& rhs) const { return FPS(*this) += rhs; }
FPS operator-(const mint& rhs) const { return FPS(*this) -= rhs; }
FPS operator*(const mint& rhs) const { return FPS(*this) *= rhs; }
FPS operator/(const mint& rhs) const { return FPS(*this) /= rhs; }
FPS operator>>(int sz) const {
if ((int)this->size() <= sz) return {};
FPS ret(*this);
ret.erase(ret.begin(), ret.begin() + sz);
return ret;
}
FPS operator<<(int sz) const {
FPS ret(*this);
ret.insert(ret.begin(), sz, mint(0));
return ret;
}
// 積分
FPS integral() const {
FPS res(this->size() + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < (int)this->size(); ++i) {
res[i + 1] = (*this)[i] * mint(i + 1).inv();
}
return res;
}
// 微分
FPS prime() const {
FPS res(this->size() - 1);
for (int i = 1; i < (int)this->size(); ++i) {
res[i - 1] = (*this)[i] * mint::raw(i);
}
return res;
}
// 逆元
FPS inv(size_t sz = -1) const {
assert(!(*this).empty() && (*this)[0] != mint());
if (sz == -1) sz = this->size();
FPS g{mint(1) / (*this)[0]};
for (int d = 1; d < sz; d <<= 1) {
g = (g * 2 - g * g * (*this).pref(2 * d)).pref(2 * d);
}
return g.pref(sz);
}
FPS& operator/=(const FPS& rhs) { return (*this) *= rhs.inv(); }
FPS operator/(const FPS& rhs) const { return FPS(*this) *= rhs.inv(); }
FPS log(size_t sz = -1) const {
assert(!(this->empty()) && (*this)[0].val() == 1);
if (sz == -1) sz = this->size();
return ((*this).prime() * (*this).inv(sz - 1)).pref(sz - 1).integral();
};
FPS exp(size_t sz = -1) const {
assert(!(this->empty()) && (*this)[0].val() == 0);
if (sz == -1) sz = this->size();
FPS g{mint::raw(1)};
for (int d = 1; d < sz; d <<= 1) {
g = (g * (FPS{mint::raw(1)} - g.log(2 * d) + (*this).pref(2 * d)))
.pref(2 * d);
}
return g;
}
FPS pow(long long e, size_t sz = -1) const {
if (sz == -1) sz = this->size();
if (e == 0) {
FPS res(sz);
if (sz) res[0] = mint::raw(1);
return res;
}
int p = 0;
while (p < (int)this->size() && (*this)[p].val() == 0) ++p;
if (__int128_t(p) * e >= sz) {
return FPS(sz);
}
mint vp = (*this)[p];
FPS f = (*this >> p);
f /= vp;
f = (f.log(sz) * e).exp(sz);
f *= vp.pow(e);
f = (f << (p * e)).pref(sz);
f.expand(sz);
return f;
}
};
}; // namespace kyopro
/**
* @brief 形式的べき級数
*/
#line 1 "Library/src/debug.hpp"
#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE
#define debug(x) void(0)
#else
#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
#define debug(x) std::cerr << __LINE__ << " : " << #x << " = " << (x) << std::endl
#endif
#line 2 "Library/src/stream.hpp"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#line 2 "Library/src/internal/type_traits.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#line 5 "Library/src/internal/type_traits.hpp"
#include <typeinfo>
#include <cstdint>
namespace kyopro {
namespace internal {
template <typename... Args> struct first_enabled {};
template <typename T, typename... Args>
struct first_enabled<std::enable_if<true, T>, Args...> {
using type = T;
};
template <typename T, typename... Args>
struct first_enabled<std::enable_if<false, T>, Args...>
: first_enabled<Args...> {};
template <typename T, typename... Args> struct first_enabled<T, Args...> {
using type = T;
};
template <typename... Args>
using first_enabled_t = typename first_enabled<Args...>::type;
template <int dgt, std::enable_if_t<dgt <= 128>* = nullptr> struct int_least {
using type = first_enabled_t<std::enable_if<dgt <= 8, std::int8_t>,
std::enable_if<dgt <= 16, std::int16_t>,
std::enable_if<dgt <= 32, std::int32_t>,
std::enable_if<dgt <= 64, std::int64_t>,
std::enable_if<dgt <= 128, __int128_t>>;
};
template <int dgt, std::enable_if_t<dgt <= 128>* = nullptr> struct uint_least {
using type = first_enabled_t<std::enable_if<dgt <= 8, std::uint8_t>,
std::enable_if<dgt <= 16, std::uint16_t>,
std::enable_if<dgt <= 32, std::uint32_t>,
std::enable_if<dgt <= 64, std::uint64_t>,
std::enable_if<dgt <= 128, __uint128_t>>;
};
template <int dgt> using int_least_t = typename int_least<dgt>::type;
template <int dgt> using uint_least_t = typename uint_least<dgt>::type;
template <typename T>
using double_size_uint_t = uint_least_t<2 * std::numeric_limits<T>::digits>;
template <typename T>
using double_size_int_t = int_least_t<2 * std::numeric_limits<T>::digits>;
struct modint_base {};
template <typename T> using is_modint = std::is_base_of<modint_base, T>;
template <typename T> using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t<is_modint<T>::value>;
// is_integral
template <typename T>
using is_integral_t =
std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, __int128_t> ||
std::is_same_v<T, __uint128_t>>;
}; // namespace internal
}; // namespace kyopro
/*
* @ref https://qiita.com/kazatsuyu/items/f8c3b304e7f8b35263d8
*/
#line 6 "Library/src/stream.hpp"
namespace kyopro {
inline void single_read(char& c) {
c = getchar_unlocked();
while (isspace(c)) c = getchar_unlocked();
}
template <typename T, internal::is_integral_t<T>* = nullptr>
inline void single_read(T& a) {
a = 0;
bool is_negative = false;
char c = getchar_unlocked();
while (isspace(c)) {
c = getchar_unlocked();
}
if (c == '-') is_negative = true, c = getchar_unlocked();
while (isdigit(c)) {
a = 10 * a + (c - '0');
c = getchar_unlocked();
}
if (is_negative) a *= -1;
}
template <typename T, internal::is_modint_t<T>* = nullptr>
inline void single_read(T& a) {
long long x;
single_read(x);
a = T(x);
}
inline void single_read(std::string& str) noexcept {
char c = getchar_unlocked();
while (isspace(c)) c = getchar_unlocked();
while (!isspace(c)) {
str += c;
c = getchar_unlocked();
}
}
template<typename T>
inline void read(T& x) noexcept {single_read(x);}
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
inline void read(Head& head, Tail&... tail) noexcept {
single_read(head), read(tail...);
}
inline void single_write(char c) noexcept { putchar_unlocked(c); }
template <typename T, internal::is_integral_t<T>* = nullptr>
inline void single_write(T a) noexcept {
if (!a) {
putchar_unlocked('0');
return;
}
if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<T>) {
if (a < 0) putchar_unlocked('-'), a *= -1;
}
constexpr int d = std::numeric_limits<T>::digits10;
char s[d + 1];
int now = d + 1;
while (a) {
s[--now] = (char)'0' + a % 10;
a /= 10;
}
while (now <= d) putchar_unlocked(s[now++]);
}
template <typename T, internal::is_modint_t<T>* = nullptr>
inline void single_write(T a) noexcept {
single_write(a.val());
}
inline void single_write(const std::string& str) noexcept {
for (auto c : str) {
putchar_unlocked(c);
}
}
template <typename T> inline void write(T x) noexcept { single_write(x); }
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
inline void write(Head head, Tail... tail) noexcept {
single_write(head);
putchar_unlocked(' ');
write(tail...);
}
template <typename... Args> inline void put(Args... x) noexcept {
write(x...);
putchar_unlocked('\n');
}
}; // namespace kyopro
/**
* @brief 高速入出力
*/
#line 2 "Library/src/template.hpp"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); i++)
#define all(x) std::begin(x), std::end(x)
#define popcount(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)
using i128 = __int128_t;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using graph = std::vector<std::vector<int>>;
using P = std::pair<int, int>;
constexpr int inf = std::numeric_limits<int>::max() / 2;
constexpr ll infl = std::numeric_limits<ll>::max() / 2;
const long double pi = acosl(-1);
constexpr uint64_t MOD = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr uint64_t MOD2 = 998244353;
constexpr int dx[] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1, 0};
constexpr int dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 0};
template <typename T1, typename T2> constexpr inline bool chmax(T1& a, T2 b) {
return a < b && (a = b, true);
}
template <typename T1, typename T2> constexpr inline bool chmin(T1& a, T2 b) {
return a > b && (a = b, true);
}
#line 4 "Library/src/math/combination.hpp"
using namespace std;
namespace kyopro {
template <typename mint, int sz> class combination {
const int M;
mint fac[sz + 1], ifac[sz + 1];
public:
combination() : M(std::min<int>(mint::mod(), sz)) {
assert(mint::mod());
fac[0] = mint(1), ifac[0] = mint(1), fac[1] = mint(1),
ifac[1] = mint(1);
for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i;
}
ifac[M - 1] = mint(1) / fac[M - 1];
for (int i = M - 2; i > 1; --i) {
ifac[i] = ifac[i + 1] * (i + 1);
}
}
constexpr mint fact(int n) const {
assert(0 <= n && n <= sz);
return fac[n];
}
constexpr mint ifact(int n) const {
assert(0 <= n && n <= sz);
return ifac[n];
}
constexpr mint binom(int n, int r) const {
assert(n >= r);
return fact(n) * ifact(r) * ifact(n - r);
}
constexpr mint perm(int n, int r) const {
assert(n >= r);
return fact(n) * ifact(n - r);
}
};
}; // namespace kyopro
/**
* @brief 二項係数
*/
#line 6 "a.cpp"
using namespace std;
using namespace kyopro;
using mint = atcoder::modint998244353;
using FPS = FormalPowerSeries<mint>;
combination<mint, (int)2e5> com;
int main() {
int n;
read(n);
// [x^i] (e^nx)
auto coeff_f = [&](int i) { return mint(n).pow(i) / com.fact(i); };
auto coeff_g = [&](int i) { return com.binom(n, i); };
int idx = n - 2;
mint ans = 0;
rep(i, idx + 1) ans += coeff_f(idx - i) * coeff_g(i);
mint fac = mint::raw(1);
for (int i = 1; i <= n - 2; ++i) fac *= mint::raw(i);
ans *= fac;
ans /= mint::raw(n).pow(n - 2);
put(ans.val());
}