#983970 (Rust) No.196 典型DP (1)

提出ソース

結果

問題	No.196 典型DP (1)
ユーザー	ngtkana
提出日時	2024-05-28 21:10:30
言語	Rust (1.77.0 + proconio)
結果	AC
実行時間	24 ms / 2,000 ms
コード長	20,457 bytes
コンパイル時間	13,966 ms
コンパイル使用メモリ	400,504 KB
実行使用メモリ	24,960 KB
最終ジャッジ日時	2024-12-20 20:54:34
合計ジャッジ時間	15,795 ms
ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報）	judge3 / judge1

このコードへのチャレンジ
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テストケース

テストケース表示

入力	結果	実行時間実行使用メモリ
testcase_00	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_01	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_02	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_03	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_04	AC	1 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_05	AC	1 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_06	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_07	AC	1 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_08	AC	1 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_09	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_10	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_11	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_12	AC	1 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_13	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_14	AC	1 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_15	AC	2 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_16	AC	2 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_17	AC	3 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_18	AC	4 ms 6,824 KB
testcase_19	AC	4 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_20	AC	2 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_21	AC	3 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_22	AC	2 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_23	AC	9 ms 8,960 KB
testcase_24	AC	3 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_25	AC	10 ms 7,936 KB
testcase_26	AC	2 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_27	AC	8 ms 9,216 KB
testcase_28	AC	20 ms 20,864 KB
testcase_29	AC	23 ms 24,448 KB
testcase_30	AC	24 ms 24,960 KB
testcase_31	AC	2 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_32	AC	13 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_33	AC	12 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_34	AC	12 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_35	AC	12 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_36	AC	2 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_37	AC	6 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_38	AC	11 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_39	AC	10 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_40	AC	11 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_41	AC	1 ms 6,816 KB
testcase_42	AC	1 ms 6,820 KB
testcase_43	AC	1 ms 6,816 KB

権限があれば一括ダウンロードができます

コンパイルメッセージ

warning: unused import: `factorial::Factorial`
   --> src/main.rs:280:13
    |
280 |     pub use factorial::Factorial;
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
    = note: `#[warn(unused_imports)]` on by default

warning: unused import: `fourier::any_mod_fps_mul`
   --> src/main.rs:281:13
    |
281 |     pub use fourier::any_mod_fps_mul;
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

warning: unused import: `fourier::fft`
   --> src/main.rs:282:13
    |
282 |     pub use fourier::fft;
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^

warning: unused import: `fourier::fps_mul`
   --> src/main.rs:283:13
    |
283 |     pub use fourier::fps_mul;
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

warning: unused import: `fourier::ifft`
   --> src/main.rs:284:13
    |
284 |     pub use fourier::ifft;
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

ソースコード

raw source code

use naive_poly::mul;

type Fp = fp::Fp<1_000_000_007>;

fn main() {
    let stdin = std::io::read_to_string(std::io::stdin()).unwrap();
    let mut stdin = stdin.split_whitespace();
    let n: usize = stdin.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
    let k: usize = stdin.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
    let mut g = vec![Vec::new(); n];
    for _ in 0..n - 1 {
        let i: usize = stdin.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
        let j: usize = stdin.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
        g[i].push(j);
        g[j].push(i);
    }
    let mut parent = vec![usize::MAX; n];
    let mut stack = vec![0];
    let mut sorted = Vec::new();
    while let Some(x) = stack.pop() {
        sorted.push(x);
        g[x].retain(|&y| y != parent[x]);
        for &y in &g[x] {
            parent[y] = x;
            stack.push(y);
        }
    }
    let mut dp = vec![vec![Fp::new(1)]; n];
    for &x in sorted.iter().rev() {
        for &y in &g[x] {
            dp[x] = mul(&dp[x], &dp[y]);
        }
        dp[x].push(fp!(1));
        dp[x].truncate(k + 1);
    }
    let ans = dp[0][k];
    println!("{}", ans);
}

// fp {{{
// https://ngtkana.github.io/ac-adapter-rs/fp/index.html

#[allow(dead_code)]
mod fp {
    mod ext_gcd {
        pub(crate) fn mod_inv<const P: u64>(x: u64) -> u64 {
            debug_assert!(P % 2 == 1);
            debug_assert!(P < 1 << 31);
            debug_assert!(x < P);
            mod_inv_signed(x as i64, P as i64) as u64
        }
        fn mod_inv_signed(a: i64, m: i64) -> i64 {
            debug_assert!(a > 0);
            debug_assert!(m > 0);
            if a == 1 {
                return 1;
            }
            m + (1 - m * mod_inv_signed(m % a, a)) / a
        }
    }
    mod factorial {
        use super::Fp;
        use std::ops::Index;
        pub struct Factorial<const P: u64> {
            fact: Vec<Fp<P>>,
            inv_fact: Vec<Fp<P>>,
        }
        impl<const P: u64> Factorial<P> {
            pub fn new(length: usize) -> Self {
                let mut fact = vec![Fp::<P>::new(1); length + 1];
                let mut inv_fact = vec![Fp::<P>::new(1); length + 1];
                for i in 1..=length {
                    fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * Fp::<P>::new(i as u64);
                }
                inv_fact[length] = fact[length].inv();
                for i in (1..=length).rev() {
                    inv_fact[i - 1] = inv_fact[i] * Fp::<P>::new(i as u64);
                }
                Self { fact, inv_fact }
            }

            pub fn fact(&self, n: usize) -> Fp<P> {
                self.fact[n]
            }

            pub fn inv_fact(&self, n: usize) -> Fp<P> {
                self.inv_fact[n]
            }

            pub fn perm(&self, n: usize, k: usize) -> Fp<P> {
                self.fact[n] * self.inv_fact[n - k]
            }

            pub fn comb(&self, n: usize, k: usize) -> Fp<P> {
                self.fact[n] * self.inv_fact[n - k] * self.inv_fact[k]
            }

            pub fn binom(&self, n: usize, k: usize) -> Fp<P> {
                self.comb(n, k)
            }

            pub fn comb_or_zero(&self, n: usize, k: isize) -> Fp<P> {
                if k < 0 || k as usize > n {
                    Fp::<P>::new(0)
                } else {
                    self.comb(n, k as usize)
                }
            }

            pub fn comb_with_reputation(&self, n: usize, k: usize) -> Fp<P> {
                assert!(n > 0 || k > 0);
                self.comb(n + k - 1, k)
            }
        }
        impl<const P: u64> Index<usize> for Factorial<P> {
            type Output = Fp<P>;

            fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
                &self.fact[index]
            }
        }
    }
    mod fourier {
        use super::mod_inv;
        use super::Fp;
        use super::PrimitiveRoot;
        const P1: u64 = 924844033;
        const P2: u64 = 998244353;
        const P3: u64 = 1012924417;
        type F1 = Fp<P1>;
        type F2 = Fp<P2>;
        type F3 = Fp<P3>;
        pub fn fps_mul<const P: u64>(a: impl AsRef<[Fp<P>]>, b: impl AsRef<[Fp<P>]>) -> Vec<Fp<P>>
        where
            (): PrimitiveRoot<P>,
        {
            let a = a.as_ref();
            let b = b.as_ref();
            if a.is_empty() || b.is_empty() {
                return vec![];
            }
            let mut a = a.to_vec();
            let mut b = b.to_vec();
            let n = a.len() + b.len() - 1;
            let len = n.next_power_of_two();
            a.resize(len, Fp::new(0));
            b.resize(len, Fp::new(0));
            fft(&mut a);
            fft(&mut b);
            for (a, b) in a.iter_mut().zip(b.iter()) {
                *a *= *b;
            }
            ifft(&mut a);
            a.truncate(n);
            a
        }
        pub fn any_mod_fps_mul<const P: u64>(a: &[Fp<P>], b: &[Fp<P>]) -> Vec<Fp<P>> {
            let v1 = fps_mul(
                a.iter().map(|&x| F1::new(x.value())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                b.iter().map(|&x| F1::new(x.value())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            );
            let v2 = fps_mul(
                a.iter().map(|&x| F2::new(x.value())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                b.iter().map(|&x| F2::new(x.value())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            );
            let v3 = fps_mul(
                a.iter().map(|&x| F3::new(x.value())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                b.iter().map(|&x| F3::new(x.value())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            );
            v1.into_iter()
                .zip(v2)
                .zip(v3)
                .map(|((e1, e2), e3)| garner(e1, e2, e3))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        }
        pub fn fft<const P: u64>(f: &mut [Fp<P>])
        where
            (): PrimitiveRoot<P>,
        {
            let n = f.len();
            assert!(n.is_power_of_two());
            assert!((P - 1) % n as u64 == 0);
            let mut root = <() as PrimitiveRoot<P>>::VALUE.pow((P - 1) / f.len() as u64);
            let fourth = <() as PrimitiveRoot<P>>::VALUE.pow((P - 1) / 4);
            let mut fft_len = n;
            while 4 <= fft_len {
                let quarter = fft_len / 4;
                for f in f.chunks_mut(fft_len) {
                    let mut c = Fp::new(1);
                    for (((i, j), k), l) in (0..)
                        .zip(quarter..)
                        .zip(quarter * 2..)
                        .zip(quarter * 3..)
                        .take(quarter)
                    {
                        let c2 = c * c;
                        let x = f[i] + f[k];
                        let y = f[j] + f[l];
                        let z = f[i] - f[k];
                        let w = fourth * (f[j] - f[l]);
                        f[i] = x + y;
                        f[j] = c2 * (x - y);
                        f[k] = c * (z + w);
                        f[l] = c2 * c * (z - w);
                        c *= root;
                    }
                }
                root *= root;
                root *= root;
                fft_len = quarter;
            }
            if fft_len == 2 {
                for f in f.chunks_mut(2) {
                    let x = f[0];
                    let y = f[1];
                    f[0] = x + y;
                    f[1] = x - y;
                }
            }
        }
        pub fn ifft<const P: u64>(f: &mut [Fp<P>])
        where
            (): PrimitiveRoot<P>,
        {
            let n = f.len();
            assert!(n.is_power_of_two());
            let root = <() as PrimitiveRoot<P>>::VALUE.pow((P - 1) / f.len() as u64);
            let mut roots = std::iter::successors(Some(root.inv()), |x| Some(x * x))
                .take(n.trailing_zeros() as usize + 1)
                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
            roots.reverse();
            let fourth = <() as PrimitiveRoot<P>>::VALUE.pow((P - 1) / 4).inv();
            let mut quarter = 1_usize;
            if n.trailing_zeros() % 2 == 1 {
                for f in f.chunks_mut(2) {
                    let x = f[0];
                    let y = f[1];
                    f[0] = x + y;
                    f[1] = x - y;
                }
                quarter = 2;
            }
            while quarter != n {
                let fft_len = quarter * 4;
                let root = roots[fft_len.trailing_zeros() as usize];
                for f in f.chunks_mut(fft_len) {
                    let mut c = Fp::new(1);
                    for (((i, j), k), l) in (0..)
                        .zip(quarter..)
                        .zip(quarter * 2..)
                        .zip(quarter * 3..)
                        .take(quarter)
                    {
                        let c2 = c * c;
                        let x = f[i] + c2 * f[j];
                        let y = f[i] - c2 * f[j];
                        let z = c * (f[k] + c2 * f[l]);
                        let w = fourth * c * (f[k] - c2 * f[l]);
                        f[i] = x + z;
                        f[j] = y + w;
                        f[k] = x - z;
                        f[l] = y - w;
                        c *= root;
                    }
                }
                quarter = fft_len;
            }
            let d = Fp::from(f.len()).inv();
            f.iter_mut().for_each(|x| *x *= d);
        }
        fn garner<const P: u64>(x1: Fp<P1>, x2: Fp<P2>, x3: Fp<P3>) -> Fp<P> {
            let (x1, x2, x3) = (x1.value(), x2.value(), x3.value());
            let x2 = ((x2 + (P2 - x1)) * mod_inv::<P2>(P1)) % P2;
            let x3 =
                (((x3 + (P3 - x1)) * mod_inv::<P3>(P1) % P3 + (P3 - x2)) * mod_inv::<P3>(P2)) % P3;
            Fp::new(x1 + P1 * (x2 + P2 * x3 % P))
        }
    }
    use ext_gcd::mod_inv;
    pub use factorial::Factorial;
    pub use fourier::any_mod_fps_mul;
    pub use fourier::fft;
    pub use fourier::fps_mul;
    pub use fourier::ifft;
    use std::iter::Product;
    use std::iter::Sum;
    use std::mem::swap;
    use std::ops::Add;
    use std::ops::AddAssign;
    use std::ops::Div;
    use std::ops::DivAssign;
    use std::ops::Mul;
    use std::ops::MulAssign;
    use std::ops::Neg;
    use std::ops::Sub;
    use std::ops::SubAssign;
    #[macro_export]
    macro_rules! fp {
        ($value:expr) => {
            $crate::fp::Fp::from($value)
        };
        ($value:expr; mod $p:expr) => {
            $crate::fp::Fp::<$p>::from($value)
        };
    }
    pub trait PrimitiveRoot<const P: u64> {
        const VALUE: Fp<P>;
    }
    impl PrimitiveRoot<998244353> for () {
        const VALUE: Fp<998244353> = Fp::new(3);
    }
    impl PrimitiveRoot<1012924417> for () {
        const VALUE: Fp<1012924417> = Fp::new(5);
    }
    impl PrimitiveRoot<924844033> for () {
        const VALUE: Fp<924844033> = Fp::new(5);
    }
    #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct Fp<const P: u64> {
        value: u64,
    }
    impl<const P: u64> Fp<P> {
        pub const fn new(value: u64) -> Self {
            Self { value: value % P }
        }

        pub const fn value(self) -> u64 {
            self.value
        }

        pub fn inv(self) -> Self {
            Self {
                value: mod_inv::<P>(self.value),
            }
        }

        pub fn pow(self, mut exp: u64) -> Self {
            let mut result = Self::new(1);
            let mut base = self;
            while exp > 0 {
                if exp & 1 == 1 {
                    result *= base;
                }
                base *= base;
                exp >>= 1;
            }
            result
        }

        pub fn sign(pow: usize) -> Self {
            Self::new(if pow % 2 == 0 { 1 } else { P - 1 })
        }
    }
    impl<const P: u64> std::fmt::Debug for Fp<P> {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
            pub fn berlekamp_massey_fp(a: i64, p: i64) -> [i64; 2] {
                let mut u0 = 0_i64;
                let mut v0 = 1_i64;
                let mut w0 = a * u0 + p * v0;
                let mut u1 = 1_i64;
                let mut v1 = 0_i64;
                let mut w1 = a * u1 + p * v1;
                while p <= w0 * w0 {
                    let q = w0 / w1;
                    u0 -= q * u1;
                    v0 -= q * v1;
                    w0 -= q * w1;
                    swap(&mut u0, &mut u1);
                    swap(&mut v0, &mut v1);
                    swap(&mut w0, &mut w1);
                }
                [w0, u0]
            }
            if self.value == 0 {
                return write!(f, "0");
            }
            let [mut num, mut den] = berlekamp_massey_fp(self.value as i64, P as i64);
            if den < 0 {
                num = -num;
                den = -den;
            }
            if den == 1 {
                write!(f, "{}", num)
            } else {
                write!(f, "{}/{}", num, den)
            }
        }
    }
    impl<const P: u64> std::fmt::Display for Fp<P> {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "{}", self.value())
        }
    }
    macro_rules! impl_from_signed {
        ($($t:ty),*) => {
            $(
                impl<const P: u64> From<$t> for Fp<P> {
                    fn from(x: $t) -> Self {
                        if x < 0 {
                            -Self::new((P as i64 - x as i64) as u64)
                        } else {
                            Self::new(x as u64)
                        }
                    }
                }
            )*
        };
    }
    impl_from_signed!(i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize);
    macro_rules! impl_from_unsigned {
        ($($t:ty),*) => {
            $(
                impl<const P: u64> From<$t> for Fp<P> {
                    fn from(x: $t) -> Self { Self::new(x as u64) }
                }
            )*
        };
    }
    impl_from_unsigned!(u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize);
    impl<const P: u64> AddAssign<Fp<P>> for Fp<P> {
        fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Fp<P>) {
            self.value += rhs.value;
            if self.value >= P {
                self.value -= P;
            }
        }
    }
    impl<const P: u64> SubAssign<Fp<P>> for Fp<P> {
        fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Fp<P>) {
            if self.value < rhs.value {
                self.value += P;
            }
            self.value -= rhs.value;
        }
    }
    impl<const P: u64> MulAssign<Fp<P>> for Fp<P> {
        fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Fp<P>) {
            self.value = self.value * rhs.value % P;
        }
    }
    #[allow(clippy::suspicious_op_assign_impl)]
    impl<const P: u64> DivAssign<Fp<P>> for Fp<P> {
        fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Fp<P>) {
            *self *= rhs.inv()
        }
    }
    macro_rules! fp_forward_ops {
        ($(
            $trait:ident,
            $trait_assign:ident,
            $fn:ident,
            $fn_assign:ident,
        )*) => {$(
            impl<const P: u64> $trait_assign<&Fp<P>> for Fp<P> {
                fn $fn_assign(&mut self, rhs: &Fp<P>) {
                    self.$fn_assign(*rhs);
                }
            }
            impl<const P: u64, T: Into<Fp<P>>> $trait<T> for Fp<P> {
                type Output = Fp<P>;
                fn $fn(mut self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
                    self.$fn_assign(rhs.into());
                    self
                }
            }
            impl<const P: u64> $trait<&Fp<P>> for Fp<P> {
                type Output = Fp<P>;
                fn $fn(self, rhs: &Fp<P>) -> Self::Output {
                    self.$fn(*rhs)
                }
            }
            impl<const P: u64, T: Into<Fp<P>>> $trait<T> for &Fp<P> {
                type Output = Fp<P>;
                fn $fn(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
                    (*self).$fn(rhs.into())
                }
            }
            impl<const P: u64> $trait<&Fp<P>> for &Fp<P> {
                type Output = Fp<P>;
                fn $fn(self, rhs: &Fp<P>) -> Self::Output {
                    (*self).$fn(*rhs)
                }
            }
        )*};
    }
    fp_forward_ops! {
        Add, AddAssign, add, add_assign,
        Sub, SubAssign, sub, sub_assign,
        Mul, MulAssign, mul, mul_assign,
        Div, DivAssign, div, div_assign,
    }
    impl<const P: u64> Neg for Fp<P> {
        type Output = Fp<P>;

        fn neg(mut self) -> Self::Output {
            if self.value > 0 {
                self.value = P - self.value;
            }
            self
        }
    }
    impl<const P: u64> Sum for Fp<P> {
        fn sum<I: Iterator<Item = Self>>(iter: I) -> Self {
            iter.fold(Self::new(0), |acc, x| acc + x)
        }
    }
    impl<'a, const P: u64> Sum<&'a Self> for Fp<P> {
        fn sum<I: Iterator<Item = &'a Self>>(iter: I) -> Self {
            iter.copied().sum()
        }
    }
    impl<const P: u64> Product for Fp<P> {
        fn product<I: Iterator<Item = Self>>(iter: I) -> Self {
            iter.fold(Self::new(1), |acc, x| acc * x)
        }
    }
    impl<'a, const P: u64> Product<&'a Self> for Fp<P> {
        fn product<I: Iterator<Item = &'a Self>>(iter: I) -> Self {
            iter.copied().product()
        }
    }
}
// }}}
// naive_poly {{{
// https://ngtkana.github.io/ac-adapter-rs/naive_poly/index.html

#[allow(dead_code)]
mod naive_poly {
    use std::iter::Product;
    use std::iter::Sum;
    use std::ops::AddAssign;
    use std::ops::Div;
    use std::ops::Mul;
    use std::ops::MulAssign;
    use std::ops::SubAssign;
    fn zero<T>() -> T
    where
        T: Sum<T>,
    {
        std::iter::empty().sum()
    }
    fn one<T>() -> T
    where
        T: Product<T>,
    {
        std::iter::empty().product()
    }
    pub fn mul<T>(a: &[T], b: &[T]) -> Vec<T>
    where
        T: Copy + Sum<T> + Mul<Output = T> + AddAssign,
    {
        if a.is_empty() || b.is_empty() {
            return vec![zero(); 0];
        }
        let mut c = vec![zero(); a.len() + b.len() - 1];
        for (i, &ai) in a.iter().enumerate() {
            for (j, &bj) in b.iter().enumerate() {
                c[i + j] += ai * bj;
            }
        }
        c
    }
    pub fn add<T>(a: &[T], b: &[T]) -> Vec<T>
    where
        T: Copy + PartialEq + Sum<T> + AddAssign,
    {
        let mut c = vec![zero(); a.len().max(b.len())];
        for (i, &ai) in a.iter().enumerate() {
            c[i] += ai;
        }
        for (i, &bi) in b.iter().enumerate() {
            c[i] += bi;
        }
        while c.last() == Some(&zero()) {
            c.pop().unwrap();
        }
        c
    }
    pub fn sub<T>(a: &[T], b: &[T]) -> Vec<T>
    where
        T: Copy + PartialEq + Sum<T> + AddAssign + SubAssign + Mul<Output = T>,
    {
        let mut c = vec![zero(); a.len().max(b.len())];
        for (i, &ai) in a.iter().enumerate() {
            c[i] += ai;
        }
        for (i, &bi) in b.iter().enumerate() {
            c[i] -= bi;
        }
        while c.last() == Some(&zero()) {
            c.pop().unwrap();
        }
        c
    }
    pub fn div<T>(a: &mut Vec<T>, b: &[T]) -> Vec<T>
    where
        T: Copy + PartialEq + Sum<T> + SubAssign + Mul<Output = T> + Div<Output = T>,
    {
        assert!(!b.is_empty() && *b.last().unwrap() != zero::<T>());
        if a.len() < b.len() {
            return vec![zero(); 0];
        }
        let mut c = vec![zero(); a.len() + 1 - b.len()];
        for i in (0..c.len()).rev() {
            c[i] = a[i] / *b.last().unwrap();
            for j in 0..b.len() {
                a[i + j] -= c[i] * b[j];
            }
        }
        while a.last() == Some(&zero()) {
            a.pop().unwrap();
        }
        c
    }
    pub fn eval<T>(p: &[T], x: T) -> T
    where
        T: Copy + Sum<T> + Mul<Output = T> + AddAssign + MulAssign,
    {
        let mut y = zero();
        for &pi in p.iter().rev() {
            y *= x;
            y += pi;
        }
        y
    }
    pub fn pow<T>(mut a: Vec<T>, mut e: u64) -> Vec<T>
    where
        T: Copy + PartialEq + Sum<T> + Product<T> + AddAssign + Mul<Output = T>,
    {
        if e == 0 {
            return vec![one(); 1];
        }
        let mut b = vec![zero(); 1];
        b[0] = one();
        while e > 1 {
            if e % 2 == 1 {
                b = mul(&b, &a);
            }
            a = mul(&a, &a);
            e /= 2;
        }
        mul(&b, &a)
    }
}
// }}}

yukicoder

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