No.2755 Conjugacy Classes of Matrices
タグ : / 解いたユーザー数 16
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Note
The execution time limit for this problem is 3500[ms].
Problem Statement
You are given as input a positive integer $B$ and a positive integer $C$ that is a divisor of $B$.
Define an undirected graph $G_{B,C} = (V_{B,C},E_{B,C})$ with infinitely many vertices and infinitely many edges, having no self-loops or multiple edges, as follows:
- The vertex set $V_{B,C}$ of $G_{B,C}$ is the set of all square matrices of order $2$ with integer coefficients $\displaystyle \left( \begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} \right) $ that satisfy all of the following $4$ conditions.
- $a$ is coprime to $B$ (that is, no prime number divides both).
- $b \equiv 0 \pmod{C}$.
- $c \equiv 0 \pmod{B}$.
- $d \equiv 1 \pmod{B}$.
- The edge set $E_{B,C}$ of $G_{B,C}$ is the set of all edges $\{P,Q\}$ connecting $2$ distinct points $P,Q$ of $V_{B,C}$ that satisfy the following condition.
- There exists a point $R$ of $V_{B,C}$ that satisfies at least one of the following $2$ conditions.
- Every entry of $PR - RQ$ is a multiple of $B$.
- Every entry of $QR - RP$ is a multiple of $B$.
Then, as non-trivial facts,
- $G_{B,C}$ has only finitely many connected components, and
- each connected component of $G_{B,C}$ is a complete graph,
can both be proved. Determine whether the number of connected components of $G_{B,C}$ is greater than $100$, and if it is at most $100$, also find its value.
Background
This section explains the background for those familiar with group theory. First, let $\overline{G}_{B,C}$ be the set of all invertible square matrices of order $2$ with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}/B \mathbb{Z}$ whose $(1,2)$ entry is a multiple of $C + B \mathbb{Z}$ and whose row $2$ is $(0 + B \mathbb{Z},1 + B \mathbb{Z})$. Then $\overline{G}_{B,C}$ forms a group under matrix multiplication.
Furthermore, for any vertex $P$ of $G_{B,C}$, taking the remainder of each entry of $P$ modulo $B$ gives an element $\overline{P}$ of $\overline{G}_{B,C}$. This correspondence defines a map $G_{B,C} \to \overline{G}_{B,C}$. In fact, a subset $S$ of $G_{B,C}$ is connected if and only if any $2$ elements of the image of $S$ under this map are conjugate in the group $\overline{G}_{B,C}$.
In other words, this problem is equivalent to determining whether the total number of conjugacy classes of the group $\overline{G}_{B,C}$ is greater than $100$, and finding the total number of conjugacy classes if it is at most $100$. It is known that the total number of conjugacy classes of a finite group corresponds to the count of isomorphism classes of complex irreducible representations, which makes it a very important value in representation theory.
Input
The input is given from standard input on $1$ line in the following format:
$B$ $C$
- Line $1$ contains $B,C$ separated by a half-width space.
Constraints
The input satisfies the following constraints:
- $B$ is an integer satisfying $1 \leq B \leq 6 \times 10^2$.
- $C$ is a divisor of $B$ satisfying $1 \leq C \leq B$.
Output
If the number of connected components of $G_{B,C}$ is greater than $100$, print 100+; if it is at most $100$, print that value on $1$ line.
Print a newline at the end.
Sample
Sample 1
Input
1 1
Output
1
Here $(B,C) = (1,1)$. For example, the identity matrix $E$ of order $2$ with integer coefficients is a vertex of $G_{1,1}$, so $G_{1,1}$ has at least $1$ connected component.
On the other hand, for any vertex $P$ of $G_{1,1}$, if we set $Q = E$ and $R = E$, then every coefficient of $PR - RQ = P - E$ is a multiple of $B = 1$, so $P$ and $E$ belong to the same connected component.
Therefore, the number of connected components of $G_{1,1}$ is $1$.
Sample 2
Input
3 3
Output
2
Here $(B,C) = (3,3)$. For example, define the square matrices of order $2$ with integer coefficients $P$ and $Q$ by
$\displaystyle P = \left( \begin{array}{cc} 2 & 9 \\ -6 & 4 \end{array} \right), \ Q = \left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & -12 \\ 3 & -2 \end{array} \right) $
Then these are vertices of $G_{3,3}$ and belong to mutually different connected components. There are no connected components other than the ones these belong to. Therefore, the number of connected components of $G_{3,3}$ is $2$.
Sample 3
Input
24 2
Output
30
Here $(B,C) = (24,2)$. The number of connected components of $G_{24,2}$ is $30$.
Sample 4
Input
80 2
Output
100+
Here $(B,C) = (80,2)$. The number of connected components of $G_{80,2}$ is $110$. Since this is greater than $100$, print 100+.
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