No.3488 Axioms of Distance
タグ : / 解いたユーザー数 39
作問者 : 👑
Problem Statement
You are given as input a non-negative integer $N$ and a square matrix $D$ of order $N$ with non-negative integer coefficients.
What is a square matrix of order $N$ with non-negative integer coefficients? (click to open)
Roughly speaking, it is an arrangement of non-negative integers in $N$ rows and $N$ columns. As with vectors, the whole is enclosed in parentheses to make it easier to read.
For example, when $N = 3$,
$\displaystyle A = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{array} \right) $
is a concrete example of a square matrix of order $N$ with non-negative integer coefficients.
For positive integers $i$ and $j$ not greater than $N$, the non-negative integer located in the $i$-th row from the top and the $i$-th column from the left of a square matrix $A$ of order $N$ with non-negative integer coefficients is called the $(i,j)$ entry of $A$.
For example, in the matrix $A$ above, the $(1,1)$ entry is $1$, the $(1,2)$ entry is $2$, and the $(2,1)$ entry is $4$.
We define $1.$ non-degeneracy, $2.$ symmetry, $3.$ the triangle inequality, and $4.$ the strong triangle inequality of $D$ as the following properties, respectively.
- Non-degeneracy: for any positive integers $i$ and $j$ not greater than $N$, $D(i,j) = 0$ and $i = j$ are equivalent.
- Symmetry: for any positive integers $i$ and $j$ not greater than $N$, $D(i,j) = D(j,i)$.
- Triangle inequality: for any positive integers $i$, $j$, and $k$ not greater than $N$, $D(i,j) \leq D(i,k) + D(k,j)$.
- Strong triangle inequality: for any positive integers $i$, $j$, and $k$ not greater than $N$, $D(i,j) \leq \max \{D(i,k),D(k,j)\}$.
Here, for each pair of positive integers $i$ and $j$ not greater than $N$, the $(i,j)$ entry of $D$ (in the $i$-th row from the top) is denoted by $D(i,j)$.
$D$ is a good matrix if $D$ satisfies all of $1.$ non-degeneracy, $2.$ symmetry, and $3.$ the triangle inequality.
$D$ is a super good matrix if $D$ satisfies all of $1.$ non-degeneracy, $2.$ symmetry, and $4.$ the strong triangle inequality.
Determine whether $D$ is a good matrix and whether it is a super good matrix.
Background
In geometry and number theory, the concepts of metric spaces and ultrametric spaces are used extensively. Let $I_N$ be the set of all positive integers not greater than $N$, and regard $D$ as a function of $2$ variables on $I_N$. Then $D$ is a good matrix if and only if $(I_N,D)$ is a metric space, and $D$ is a super good matrix if and only if $(I_N,D)$ is an ultrametric space. Therefore, this problem is equivalent to determining whether $(I_N,D)$ is a metric space and whether it is an ultrametric space.
Input
The input is given from standard input in $1 + N$ lines in the following format:- Line $1$ contains $N$.
- For each positive integer $i$ not greater than $N$, line $1 + i$ contains $D(i,j)$ for each positive integer $j$ not greater than $N$, in ascending order of $j$, separated by single-byte spaces.
$N$ $D(1,1)$ $\cdots$ $D(1,N)$ $\vdots$ $D(N,1)$ $\cdots$ $D(N,N)$
Constraints
The input satisfies the following constraints:
- $N$ is an integer satisfying $1 \leq N \leq 10$.
- For any positive integers $i$ and $j$ not greater than $N$, $D(i,j)$ is an integer satisfying $0 \leq D(i,j) \leq 10$.
Output
On line $1$, print Yes if $D$ is a good matrix, and No if it is not a good matrix.
On line $2$, print Yes if $D$ is a super good matrix, and No if it is not a super good matrix.
Print a newline at the end.
Sample
Sample 1
Input
1 0
Output
Yes Yes
The square matrix $D = (0)$ of order $1$ with non-negative integer coefficients is both a good matrix and a super good matrix.
For those who know metric spaces, this $D$ represents the trivial metric on $I_N = \{1\}$.
Sample 2
Input
1 1
Output
No No
The square matrix $D = (1)$ of order $1$ with non-negative integer coefficients does not satisfy $1.$ non-degeneracy, so it is neither a good matrix nor a super good matrix.
Sample 3
Input
3 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0
Output
Yes No
The square matrix of order $3$ with non-negative integer coefficients
$\displaystyle D = \left( \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle 0 &\displaystyle 1 &\displaystyle 2 \\ \displaystyle 1 &\displaystyle 0 &\displaystyle 1 \\ \displaystyle 2 &\displaystyle 1 &\displaystyle 0 \end{array} \right) $
is a good matrix, but it does not satisfy $4.$ the ultra triangle inequality, so it is not a super good matrix.
For those who know real numbers, this $D$ represents the Euclidean metric restricted to $I_N = \{1,2,3\}$.
Sample 4
Input
3 0 2 1 2 0 2 1 2 0
Output
Yes Yes
The square matrix of order $3$ with non-negative integer coefficients
$\displaystyle D = \left( \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle 0 &\displaystyle 2 &\displaystyle 1 \\ \displaystyle 2 &\displaystyle 0 &\displaystyle 2 \\ \displaystyle 1 &\displaystyle 2 &\displaystyle 0 \end{array} \right) $
is both a good matrix and a super good matrix.
For those who know $p$-adic numbers, this $D$ represents $2$ times the $2$-adic metric, restricted to $I_N = \{1,2,3\}$.
提出するには、Twitter 、GitHub、 Googleもしくは右上の雲マークをクリックしてアカウントを作成してください。