#594801 (C++17(gcc12)) No.1321 塗るめた

• 問題: No.1321 塗るめた
• ユーザー: satashun
• 提出日時: 2020-12-18 00:28:00
• 言語: C++17(gcc12) (gcc 12.3.0 + boost 1.87.0)
• 結果: TLE (最新)
  AC
  (最初)
• 実行時間: -
• コード長: 14,415 bytes
• コンパイル時間: 10,488 ms
• コンパイル使用メモリ: 273,248 KB
• 最終ジャッジ日時: 2025-01-17 02:37:42
• ジャッジサーバーID （参考情報）: judge1 / judge2

ファイルパターン	結果
sample	AC * 2
other	AC * 44 TLE * 1

ソースコード

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

using ll = long long;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
template <class T>
using V = vector<T>;
template <class T>
using VV = V<V<T>>;

#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define rep(i, n) rep2(i, 0, n)
#define rep2(i, m, n) for (int i = m; i < (n); i++)
#define per(i, b) per2(i, 0, b)
#define per2(i, a, b) for (int i = int(b) - 1; i >= int(a); i--)
#define ALL(c) (c).begin(), (c).end()
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())

constexpr ll TEN(int n) { return (n == 0) ? 1 : 10 * TEN(n - 1); }

template <class T, class U>
void chmin(T& t, const U& u) {
    if (t > u) t = u;
}
template <class T, class U>
void chmax(T& t, const U& u) {
    if (t < u) t = u;
}

template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<T, U>& p) {
    os << "(" << p.first << "," << p.second << ")";
    return os;
}

template <class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& v) {
    os << "{";
    rep(i, v.size()) {
        if (i) os << ",";
        os << v[i];
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}

#ifdef LOCAL
void debug_out() { cerr << endl; }
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
    cerr << " " << H;
    debug_out(T...);
}
#define debug(...) \
    cerr << __LINE__ << " [" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#define dump(x) cerr << __LINE__ << " " << #x << " = " << (x) << endl
#else
#define debug(...) (void(0))
#define dump(x) (void(0))
#endif

template <unsigned int MOD>
struct ModInt {
    using uint = unsigned int;
    using ull = unsigned long long;
    using M = ModInt;

    uint v;

    ModInt(ll _v = 0) { set_norm(_v % MOD + MOD); }
    M& set_norm(uint _v) {  //[0, MOD * 2)->[0, MOD)
        v = (_v < MOD) ? _v : _v - MOD;
        return *this;
    }

    explicit operator bool() const { return v != 0; }
    M operator+(const M& a) const { return M().set_norm(v + a.v); }
    M operator-(const M& a) const { return M().set_norm(v + MOD - a.v); }
    M operator*(const M& a) const { return M().set_norm(ull(v) * a.v % MOD); }
    M operator/(const M& a) const { return *this * a.inv(); }
    M& operator+=(const M& a) { return *this = *this + a; }
    M& operator-=(const M& a) { return *this = *this - a; }
    M& operator*=(const M& a) { return *this = *this * a; }
    M& operator/=(const M& a) { return *this = *this / a; }
    M operator-() const { return M() - *this; }
    M& operator++(int) { return *this = *this + 1; }
    M& operator--(int) { return *this = *this - 1; }

    M pow(ll n) const {
        if (n < 0) return inv().pow(-n);
        M x = *this, res = 1;
        while (n) {
            if (n & 1) res *= x;
            x *= x;
            n >>= 1;
        }
        return res;
    }

    M inv() const {
        ll a = v, b = MOD, p = 1, q = 0, t;
        while (b != 0) {
            t = a / b;
            swap(a -= t * b, b);
            swap(p -= t * q, q);
        }
        return M(p);
    }

    bool operator==(const M& a) const { return v == a.v; }
    bool operator!=(const M& a) const { return v != a.v; }
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const M& a) { return os << a.v; }
    static uint get_mod() { return MOD; }
};

using Mint = ModInt<998244353>;

const int maxv = 300010;

V<Mint> fact(maxv), ifact(maxv), inv(maxv);

void init() {
    fact[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < maxv; ++i) {
        fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
    }

    ifact[maxv - 1] = fact[maxv - 1].inv();

    for (int i = maxv - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
        ifact[i] = ifact[i + 1] * (i + 1);
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < maxv; ++i) {
        inv[i] = ifact[i] * fact[i - 1];
    }
}

Mint comb(int n, int r) {
    if (n < 0 || r < 0 || r > n) return Mint(0);
    return fact[n] * ifact[r] * ifact[n - r];
}

// depend on ModInt, must use NTT friendly mod

template <class D>
struct NumberTheoreticTransform {
    D root;
    V<D> roots = {0, 1};
    V<int> rev = {0, 1};
    int base = 1, max_base = -1;

    void init() {
        int mod = D::get_mod();
        int tmp = mod - 1;
        max_base = 0;
        while (tmp % 2 == 0) {
            tmp /= 2;
            max_base++;
        }

        root = 2;

        while (true) {
            if (root.pow(1 << max_base).v == 1) {
                if (root.pow(1 << (max_base - 1)).v != 1) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            root++;
        }
    }

    void ensure_base(int nbase) {
        if (max_base == -1) init();
        if (nbase <= base) return;
        assert(nbase <= max_base);

        rev.resize(1 << nbase);
        for (int i = 0; i < (1 << nbase); ++i) {
            rev[i] = (rev[i >> 1] >> 1) + ((i & 1) << (nbase - 1));
        }
        roots.resize(1 << nbase);

        while (base < nbase) {
            D z = root.pow(1 << (max_base - 1 - base));
            for (int i = 1 << (base - 1); i < (1 << base); ++i) {
                roots[i << 1] = roots[i];
                roots[(i << 1) + 1] = roots[i] * z;
            }
            ++base;
        }
    }

    void ntt(V<D>& a, bool inv = false) {
        int n = a.size();
        // assert((n & (n - 1)) == 0);
        int zeros = __builtin_ctz(n);
        ensure_base(zeros);
        int shift = base - zeros;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (i < (rev[i] >> shift)) {
                swap(a[i], a[rev[i] >> shift]);
            }
        }

        for (int k = 1; k < n; k <<= 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 2 * k) {
                for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                    D x = a[i + j];
                    D y = a[i + j + k] * roots[j + k];
                    a[i + j] = x + y;
                    a[i + j + k] = x - y;
                }
            }
        }

        int v = D(n).inv().v;
        if (inv) {
            reverse(a.begin() + 1, a.end());
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                a[i] *= v;
            }
        }
    }

    V<D> mul(V<D> a, V<D> b) {
        int s = a.size() + b.size() - 1;
        int nbase = 1;
        while ((1 << nbase) < s) nbase++;
        int sz = 1 << nbase;
        a.resize(sz);
        b.resize(sz);
        ntt(a);
        ntt(b);

        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            a[i] *= b[i];
        }
        ntt(a, true);

        a.resize(s);
        return a;
    }
};

// depends on FFT libs
// basically use with ModInt

NumberTheoreticTransform<Mint> ntt;

template <class D>
struct Poly : public V<D> {
    template <class... Args>
    Poly(Args... args) : V<D>(args...) {}
    Poly(initializer_list<D> init) : V<D>(init.begin(), init.end()) {}

    int size() const { return V<D>::size(); }
    D at(int p) const { return (p < this->size() ? (*this)[p] : D(0)); }

    // first len terms
    Poly pref(int len) const {
        return Poly(this->begin(), this->begin() + min(this->size(), len));
    }

    // for polynomial division
    Poly rev() const {
        Poly res = *this;
        reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
        return res;
    }

    Poly operator+(const Poly& r) const {
        auto n = max(size(), r.size());
        V<D> tmp(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            tmp[i] = at(i) + r.at(i);
        }
        return tmp;
    }
    Poly operator-(const Poly& r) const {
        auto n = max(size(), r.size());
        V<D> tmp(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            tmp[i] = at(i) - r.at(i);
        }
        return tmp;
    }

    // scalar
    Poly operator*(const D& k) const {
        int n = size();
        V<D> tmp(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            tmp[i] = at(i) * k;
        }
        return tmp;
    }

    Poly operator*(const Poly& r) const {
        Poly a = *this;
        Poly b = r;
        auto v = ntt.mul(a, b);
        return v;
    }

    // scalar
    Poly operator/(const D& k) const { return *this * k.inv(); }

    Poly operator/(const Poly& r) const {
        if (size() < r.size()) {
            return {{}};
        }
        int d = size() - r.size() + 1;
        return (rev().pref(d) * r.rev().inv(d)).pref(d).rev();
    }

    Poly operator%(const Poly& r) const {
        auto res = *this - *this / r * r;
        while (res.size() && !res.back()) {
            res.pop_back();
        }
        return res;
    }

    Poly diff() const {
        V<D> res(max(0, size() - 1));
        for (int i = 1; i < size(); ++i) {
            res[i - 1] = at(i) * i;
        }
        return res;
    }

    Poly inte() const {
        V<D> res(size() + 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) {
            res[i + 1] = at(i) / (D)(i + 1);
        }
        return res;
    }

    // f * f.inv(m) === 1 mod (x^m)
    // f_0 ^ -1 must exist
    Poly inv(int m) const {
        Poly res = Poly({D(1) / at(0)});
        for (int i = 1; i < m; i *= 2) {
            res = (res * D(2) - res * res * pref(i * 2)).pref(i * 2);
        }
        return res.pref(m);
    }

    // f_0 = 1 must hold
    Poly log(int n) const {
        auto f = pref(n);
        return (f.diff() * f.inv(n - 1)).pref(n - 1).inte();
    }

    // f_0 = 0 must hold
    Poly exp(int n) const {
        auto h = diff();
        Poly f({1}), g({1});

        for (int m = 1; m < n; m *= 2) {
            g = (g * D(2) - f * g * g).pref(m);
            auto q = h.pref(m - 1);
            auto w = (q + g * (f.diff() - f * q)).pref(m * 2 - 1);
            f = (f + f * (*this - w.inte()).pref(m * 2)).pref(m * 2);
        }

        return f.pref(n);
    }

    // be careful when k = 0
    Poly pow(int n, ll k) const { return (log(n) * (D)k).exp(n); }

    // f_0 = 1 must hold (use it with modular sqrt)
    // CF250E
    Poly sqrt(int n) const {
        Poly f = pref(n);
        Poly g({1});
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i *= 2) {
            g = (g + f.pref(i * 2) * g.inv(i * 2)) * D(2).inv();
        }
        return g.pref(n);
    }

    D eval(D x) const {
        D res = 0, c = 1;
        for (auto a : *this) {
            res += a * c;
            c *= x;
        }
        return res;
    }

    Poly& operator+=(const Poly& r) { return *this = *this + r; }
    Poly& operator-=(const Poly& r) { return *this = *this - r; }
    Poly& operator*=(const D& r) { return *this = *this * r; }
    Poly& operator*=(const Poly& r) { return *this = *this * r; }
    Poly& operator/=(const Poly& r) { return *this = *this / r; }
    Poly& operator/=(const D& r) { return *this = *this / r; }
    Poly& operator%=(const Poly& r) { return *this = *this % r; }

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Poly& pl) {
        if (pl.size() == 0) return os << "0";
        for (int i = 0; i < pl.size(); ++i) {
            if (pl[i]) {
                os << pl[i] << "x^" << i;
                if (i + 1 != pl.size()) os << ",";
            }
        }
        return os;
    }
};

// calculate characteristic polynomial
// c_0 * s_i + c_1 * s_{i+1} + ... + c_k * s_{i+k} = 0
// c_k = -1

template <class T>
Poly<T> berlekamp_massey(const V<T>& s) {
    int n = int(s.size());
    V<T> b = {T(-1)}, c = {T(-1)};
    T y = Mint(1);
    for (int ed = 1; ed <= n; ed++) {
        int l = int(c.size()), m = int(b.size());
        T x = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {
            x += c[i] * s[ed - l + i];
        }
        b.push_back(0);
        m++;
        if (!x) {
            continue;
        }
        T freq = x / y;
        if (l < m) {
            auto tmp = c;
            c.insert(begin(c), m - l, Mint(0));
            for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                c[m - 1 - i] -= freq * b[m - 1 - i];
            }
            b = tmp;
            y = x;
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                c[l - 1 - i] -= freq * b[m - 1 - i];
            }
        }
    }
    return c;
}

// HUPC 2020 day3 K
// calculate vec[0] * vec[1] * ...
// deg(result) must be bounded

template <class T>
Poly<T> prod(const V<Poly<T>>& vec) {
    auto comp = [](const auto& a, const auto& b) -> bool {
        return a.size() > b.size();
    };
    priority_queue<Poly<T>, V<Poly<T>>, decltype(comp)> que(comp);
    que.push(Poly<T>{1});

    for (auto& pl : vec) que.push(pl);

    while (que.size() > 1) {
        auto va = que.top();
        que.pop();
        auto vb = que.top();
        que.pop();
        que.push(va * vb);
    }

    return que.top();
}

template <class D>
struct MultiEval {
    using P = MultiEval*;
    P lc, rc;
    V<D> xs;
    int sz;
    Poly<D> dpol;

    const int B = 100;

    MultiEval(const V<D>& _xs, int l, int r) : sz(r - l) {
        if (r - l <= B) {
            xs = {_xs.begin() + l, _xs.begin() + r};
            dpol = {{1}};
            for (auto x : xs) {
                dpol *= {-x, 1};
            }
            return;
        }
        lc = new MultiEval(_xs, l, (l + r) / 2);
        rc = new MultiEval(_xs, (l + r) / 2, r);
        dpol = lc->dpol * rc->dpol;
    }

    MultiEval(const V<D>& xs) : MultiEval(xs, 0, xs.size()) {}

    void eval(const Poly<D>& poly, V<D>& res) {
        auto p = poly % dpol;
        if (sz <= B) {
            for (auto x : xs) {
                res.pb(p.eval(x));
            }
            return;
        }
        lc->eval(p, res);
        rc->eval(p, res);
    }

    V<D> eval(const Poly<D>& poly) {
        V<D> res;
        eval(poly, res);
        return res;
    }
};

int main() {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    init();
    ntt.init();

    int N, M, K;
    cin >> N >> M >> K;
    Mint ans;
    V<Mint> xs(N + 1);
    rep(i, N + 1) xs[i] = i;
    MultiEval<Mint> me(xs);
    Poly<Mint> pl(N + 1);
    rep(i, N + 1) pl[i] = comb(N, i) * Mint(M).pow(N - i);
    rep(i, K) pl[i] = 0;
    auto res = me.eval(pl);

    for (int j = 1; j <= K; ++j) {
        Mint s;
        s = res[j];
        /*
        for (int i = K; i <= N; ++i) {
            s += comb(N, i) * Mint(M).pow(N - i) * Mint(j).pow(i);
        }*/
        s *= comb(K, j);
        if ((K - j) % 2 == 1) s = -s;
        ans += s;
    }
    ans *= comb(M, K);

    /*

    for (int i = K; i <= N; ++i) {
        Mint s;
        for (int j = K; j >= 1; --j) {
            Mint x = comb(K, j) * Mint(j).pow(i);
            if ((K - j) & 1) x = -x;
            s += x;
        }
        ans += s * comb(M, K) * comb(N, i) * Mint(M).pow(N - i);
    }*/
    cout << ans << endl;

    return 0;
}